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Tuesday, June 3rd, 2008 周二， 2008年6月3日

By通过 Jason Felch and Maura Dolan贾森费尔奇和毛拉杜兰 | The 22-year-old San Francisco nurse had been sexually assaulted and stabbed in the heart. |今年22岁的旧金山护士遭到过性侵犯，并在刺伤心脏。 She lay on her back, her neck laced with scratches and her mouth open as if frozen in a scream.她奠定她的背部，她的颈部laced与划痕和她的口开放，如果冻结在一个尖叫声。

For more than three decades, Sylvester’s slaying went unsolved.三年多几十年来，西尔维斯特的杀去解决。 Then, in 2004, a search of California’s DNA database of criminal offenders yielded an apparent breakthrough: Badly deteriorated DNA from the assailant’s sperm was linked to John Puckett, an obese, wheelchair-bound 70-year-old with a history of rape.然后，在2004年，搜索加州的DNA资料库的刑事犯罪分子，取得了明显的突破：严重损坏的DNA从行凶者的精子是联系在一起的约翰puckett ，肥胖，坐轮椅的70岁男与历史强奸罪。

The DNA “match” was based on fewer than half of the genetic markers typically used to connect someone to a crime, and there was no other physical evidence. DNA的“匹配”是基于只有不到一半的遗传标记通常用来连接某人犯罪的，并没有其他实物证据。

Puckett insisted he was innocent, saying that although DNA at the crime scene happened to match his, it belonged to someone else. puckett坚持说，他是无辜的说，虽然DNA的在犯罪现场发生的事情，以配合他的，它属于别人。

At Puckett’s trial earlier this year, the prosecutor told the jury that the chance of such a coincidence was 1 in 1.1 million.在puckett的审判在今年早些时候，检察官告诉陪审团说的机会，这样的巧合，被一在110万美元。

Jurors were not told, however, the statistic that leading scientists consider the most significant: the probability that the database search had hit upon an innocent person.陪审员没有被告知，不过，统计领导的科学家认为最重要的：概率，该数据库的搜索击中后，一个无辜的人。

In Puckett’s case, it was 1 in 3.在puckett的情况下，这是一在3 。

The case is emblematic of a national problem, the Los Angeles Times has found.此案是象征一个国家的问题，洛杉矶时报发现。

Prosecutors and crime labs across the country routinely use numbers that exaggerate the significance of DNA matches in “cold hit” cases, in which a suspect is identified through a database search.检察官和犯罪实验室，该国各地经常使用的数字夸大意义的DNA相匹配，在“冷打”案件，事件中一名嫌疑人是通过确定一个数据库搜索。

Jurors are often told that the odds of a coincidental match are hundreds of thousands of times more remote than they actually are, according to a review of scientific literature and interviews with leading authorities in the field.陪审员往往是说的赔率一个偶然的匹配是数以十万计的时代较偏远的比他们其实是，根据检讨的科学文献和访谈，领导当局在该领域。

Two national scientific committees, including the FBI’s DNA advisory board, have recommended portraying the odds more conservatively.两个国家科学委员会，包括美国联邦调查局的DNA咨询委员会，已提出建议，描绘的赔率更保守。 But interviews with expert witnesses and DNA analysts from crime labs across the country show that few if any have adopted that approach.但采访的专家证人和DNA分析，从犯罪实验室的该国各地表明，数，如果任何已采取这种做法。

“It is only a matter of time until someone is wrongfully convicted because of this,” said Keith Devlin, a Stanford mathematician who has studied the problem. “这只是一个时间的问题，直到有人错误地定罪，正因为如此，说： ”基思戴弗林，斯坦福大学的数学家谁研究了这个问题。

For years, police used DNA only to compare a crime-scene sample to a single person they had other reasons to suspect.多年来，警方使用的DNA进行比较，只有一犯罪现场抽样，以单身人士，他们有其他的理由来怀疑。 In court, prosecutors could legitimately cite the remote odds that someone selected at random off the street would share the same genetic profile.在法庭上，检察官可以合法地举出远程赔率有人随机选择小康街将共享相同的遗传的个人资料。

In cold hit cases, the investigation starts with a DNA match found by searching thousands, or even millions, of genetic profiles in an offender database.在冷战击中的情况下，调查开始与一个DNA匹配，发现通过搜索成千上万，或什至数百万，遗传概况，在罪犯的数据库。 Each comparison increases the chance of a match to an innocent person.每个比较增加的机会，比赛以1无辜的人。

Nevertheless, police labs and prosecutors almost always calculate the odds as if the suspect had been selected randomly from the general population in a single try.不过，警方实验室和检察官几乎总是计算的赔率为，如果该名疑犯已被随机选出，从一般的人口在一个单一的尝试。

See More: 看到更多的： USA News 美国新闻

Have Your Say: Significance of DNA ‘matches’ in cases not always definitive 你说：意义DNA的'比赛'的情况并不总是明确
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This entry was posted on Tuesday, June 3rd, 2008 at 9:46 am and is filed under 此项目被张贴于周二， 2008年6月3日在上午09时46分，并提交下 Science & Technology News 科技新闻 , ， Surveillance, Civil Liberties & Human Rights News 监视，公民自由及人权新闻 . 。 You can follow any responses to this entry through the 您可以按照任何的反应，此项目通过 RSS 2.0 2.0 feed. 喂养。 You can 您可以 leave a response 留下的回应 , or ，或 trackback Trackback跟踪 from your own site. 从你自己的网站。

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