Is the Creative Internet Just About Dead?是创造性的互联网仅仅是死？
By通过 Annalee Newitz annalee newitz | A couple of weeks ago I went to the annual Maker Faire in San Mateo, an event where people from all over the world gather for a giant DIY technology show-and-tell extravaganza. |数星期前我去了一年一度的制造商faire在San Mateo的，如果活动的人来自世界各地的聚会，一个巨大的diy技术展览会和告诉龙腾灯耀庆。 There are robots, kinetic sculptures, rockets, remote-controlled battleship contests, music-controlled light shows, home electronics kits, ill-advised science experiments (like the Mentos-Diet Coke explosions), and even a barn full of people who make their own clothing, pillows, bags, and more.有机器人，动感雕塑，火箭，远程控制战列舰竞赛，音乐控制轻显示，家用电子教材，虐待宜科学实验（如mentos -饮食焦炭爆炸） ，甚至是马厩挤满了人谁使他们自己的衣服，枕头，箱包，和更多。 Basically, it’sa weekend celebration of how human freedom combined with technology creates a pleasing but cacophonous symphony of coolness.基本上，这是上周末庆祝如何人类自由的结合技术创造了可喜的，但cacophonous交响乐团的清凉。
And yet the Maker Faire takes place against a backdrop of increasing constraints on our freedom to innovate with technology, as Oxford University researcher Jonathan Zittrain points out in his latest book, The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It (Yale University Press).然而，制造商faire发生反对的背景下，增加的限制，我们的自由创新与技术，作为英国牛津大学研究员乔纳森兹提春指出，在他的最新著作， 未来的互联网，以及如何阻止它 （耶鲁大学出版社） 。 After spending several years investigating the social and political rules that govern the Internet — and spearheading the Net censorship tracking project OpenNet Initiative — Zittrain looks back on the Net’s development and predicts a dystopian future.经过数年的开支调查的社会和政治的规则，规管互联网-和带头净检查，跟踪项目的开放倡议-兹提春回顾了对净的发展和预测，d y stopian的未来。 What’s chilling is that his dystopia is already coming to pass.什么的令人心寒的是，他的乌托邦是已经来通过。
Zittrain traces the Net’s history through three phases.兹提春的痕迹净的历史，通过三个阶段进行。 Initially it was composed of what he calls “sterile” technologies: vast mainframes owned by IBM, which companies could rent time on.最初，它是组成他所谓的“不育”技术：广大拥有的大型主机由IBM ，哪些公司可以租的时间。 What made those technologies sterile is that nobody could experiment with them (except IBM), and therefore innovation related to them stagnated.是什么使这些技术不育的是，没有人可以实验与他们（除了IBM ）的，因此，创新与他们停滞不前。
That’s why the invention of the desktop PC and popularization of the Internet ushered in an era of unprecedented high-tech innovation.这就是为什么发明了台式电脑和普及互联网迎来了一个时代的前所未有的高技术创新。 Zittrain calls these open-ended technologies “generative.” Anybody can build other technologies that work with them.兹提春呼吁，这些问题不限成员名额技术“生成”任何人都可以建立其他的技术，与他们共事。 So, for example, people built Skype and the World Wide Web, both software technologies that sit on top of the basic network software infrastructure of the Internet.因此，举例来说，人们建立了Skype和万维网上，无论是软件技术，静坐再加上基本的网络软件基础设施的互联网。 Similarly, anybody can build a program that runs on Windows.同样地，任何人都可以建立一个程序，运行于Windows 。
But Zittrain thinks we’re seeing the end of the freewheeling Internet and PC era.但兹提春认为，我们所看到的结尾部分自由互联网和PC时代。 He calls the technologies of today “tethered” technologies.他呼吁技术今天“栓系”的技术。 Tethered technologies are items like iPhones or many brands of DVR — they’re sterile to their owners, who aren’t allowed to build software that runs on them.栓系的技术项目，例如iphones或许多品牌的DVR的-他们育他们的业主，谁是不容许建立软件上运行。 But they’re generative to the companies that make them, in the sense that Comcast can update your DVR remotely, or Apple can brick your iPhone remotely if you try to do something naughty to it (like run your own software program on it).但他们正在生成，以公司，使他们，在意义上康卡斯特可以更新您的DVR远程，或苹果可以砖您拥有远程如果您尝试做一些顽皮的它（如运行自己的软件程序，它） 。
In some ways, tethered technologies are worse than plain old sterile technologies.在某些方面，栓系技术不如平原岁不育技术。 They allow for abuses undreamed of in the IBM mainframe era.他们让被滥用的undreamed在IBM大型主机的时代。 For example, iPhone tethering could lead to law enforcement going to Apple and saying, “Please activate the microphone on this iPhone that we know is being carried by a suspect.” The device turns into an instant bug, without all the fuss of following the suspect around or installing surveillance crap in her apartment.举例来说，拥有tethering可能导致执法要和苹果的话说： “请激活麦克风就这个拥有我们知道正进行由一名嫌疑人。 ”装置变成一个即时的错误，而不所有做文章，走嫌疑人靠近或安装监视crap在她的公寓。 This isn’t idle speculation, by the way.这是不是闲置的投机活动，由方式。 OnStar, the manufacturer of a car emergency system, was asked by law enforcement to activate the mics in certain cars using its system. onstar ，制造商，汽车应急系统，要求执法要激活的MIC在某些车使用其系统。 It refused and went to court.它拒绝到法院。
Zittrain’s solution to the tethering problem is to encourage the existence of communities like the ones who participate in Maker Faire or who edit Wikipedia.兹提春的办法来解决tethering的问题是，以鼓励社区的存在一样，那些谁参加在制造商faire或谁编辑维基百科。 These are people who work together to create open, untethered technologies and information repositories.这些都是人谁携手合作，创造公开，缆线牵绊技术和信息储存库。 They are the force that pushes back against companies that want to sterilize the Internet and turn it back into something that spits information at you, television-style.他们的力量，推动回到对公司要消毒，互联网和把它放回的东西吐出来的资料，在你，电视风格。 I think this is a good start, but there are a lot of problems with depending on communities of DIY enthusiasts to fix a system created by corporate juggernauts.我认为这是一个良好的开端，但有很多问题，根据社区的diy爱好者修复系统所创造的企业juggernauts 。 As I mentioned in my column (”User-Generated Censorship,” 4/30/08), you can’t always depend on communities of users to do the right thing.正如我在栏（ “使用者产生的检查， ” 4/30/08 ） ，你不能总是依赖于社区的用户做正确的事。 In addition, companies can create an incredibly oppressive tethering regime while still allowing users to think they have control.此外，公司可以创造一个令人难以置信的压迫tethering制度的同时，仍然允许用户认为他们的控制。 Tune in next week, and I’ll tell you how Zittrain’s solution might lead to an even more dystopian future.调在下星期，我会告诉您如何兹提春的解决方法，可能导致一个更dystopian的未来。
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Posted: May 19th, 2008 at 6:08 pm | 发布时间： 2008年5月19日在下午6时08分| Link to this 链接到本
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[…] in Maker Faire or who edit Wikipedia. [ … … ]在制造商faire或谁编辑维基百科。 These are people who work together to create open, untethered technologies and information repositories.这些都是人谁携手合作，创造公开，缆线牵绊技术和信息储存库。 They are the force that pushes back against companies that want to […]他们的力量，推动回到对公司要[ … … ]