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Insecten gebruikend installaties als telefoons

Maandag, 28 April, 2008

leaf.jpgDoor Roland Piquepaille | Een team van Nederlandse ecologisten heeft geconstateerd dat ondergrondse en bovengrondse herbivorous de insecten gebruiken mee te delen installaties. `De ondergrondse insecten geven chemische waarschuwingssignalen via de bladeren van de installatie uit. Deze manier, wordt bovengrondse insecten gealarmeerd dat de installatie reeds bezet.' is Dit betekent dat door `groene telefoonlijnen te gebruiken, de' twee soorten insecten kunnen vermijden om voor de zelfde installatie te concurreren, toestaand voor de snellere groei voor beide soorten. Het fascineren, maar gelezen meer…

Insecten die via installaties communiceren

U kunt boven een voorbeeld van interactie tussen bovengrondse en belowground insecten zien, gebruikend installatiebladeren als `groene telefoonlijnen.' (Krediet: Roxina Soler, nioo-KNAW) hier is een verbinding aan een grotere versie van dit beeld.

Bekijk eerst de korte Organisatie van Nederland voor het nieuwsversie Wetenschappelijke van het Onderzoek (NOW). „De laatste jaren heeft men ontdekt dat de verschillende soorten bovengrondse insecten zich langzaam ontwikkelen als zij op installaties voeden die ook ondergrondse ingezetenen en vice versa hebben. Het schijnt dat een mechanisme zich via natuurlijke selectie heeft ontwikkeld, die de ondergrondse en bovengrondse insecten toelaat om elkaar te ontdekken. Dit vermijdt de onnodige concurrentie. Via de `groene telefoonlijnen', kunnen de ondergrondse insecten ook met een derde communiceren, namelijk de natuurlijke vijand van rupsbanden. De parasitische wespen leggen hun eieren binnen bovengrondse insecten. De wespen profiteren ook van de vluchtige signalen die door de bladeren worden uitgezonden, zoals deze openbaren waar zij een goede gastheer voor hun eieren kunnen vinden.“

Dit onderzoekswerk is geleid bij Het Instituut van Nederland van Ecologie (nioo-KNAW) in Ministerie van Interactie Multitrophic (MTI) van Centrum voor Aardse Ecologie. Voor die van u die weten welke niet multitrophic `' betekent, gelieve te lezen deze pagina in Wikipedia. U zult ontdekken dat trofische `' uit een Grieks woord komt dat voedsel of voeding betekent. „De interactie Multitrophic zijn die die meer dan twee trofische niveaus in een voedselWeb impliceren. De termijn wordt vaakst toegepast op interactie onder installaties, herbivores en roofdieren.“

Dit bepaalde project werd langs geleid Roxina Soler Gamborena, een PhD student bij NIOO. Hier is hoe zij haar deskundigheid inzake installatie-insect multitrophic interactie beschrijft. De „installaties en de insecten maken deel uit van een complex multitrophic milieu, waarin zij dicht en actief op elkaar inwerken. However, a systematic tendency to study mainly aboveground insect interactions limited the ability to develop more predictive models to achieve a better understanding of ecology and evolution in a more realistic frame. In the project I am working in, we are interested in study the interactions between below and aboveground insects, and how they can affect each other.”

Her project, “A multitrophic approach linking below and aboveground organisms,” is described in the MTI’s student subjects page. Here is one part of the introduction. “Recently, there is an increasing interest in studying the interaction of aboveground and belowground compartments as a whole, rather than isolated aboveground studies. It is now acknowledged that insects can interact even when they feed on the host plant in different moments and parts of the plant, and some experiments had been carried out to study the interactions between belowground and aboveground insect herbivores. The main aim of this study is to determine if the oviposition behaviour of aboveground hyperparasitoids (and parasitoids) is affected by feeding damage by herbivores in the soil, as these affect parasitoid host and plant quality, using the follow multitrophic system as target for the study.” The above figure has been picked from this document.

For more information, you can read one of the technical paper co-authored by Soler and published in Functional Ecology under the title “Foraging efficiency of a parasitoid of a leaf herbivore is influenced by root herbivory on neighbouring plants” (Volume 21, Issue 5, Pages 969-974, October 2007). Here is an excerpt from the abstract. “Our results show that the interaction between an above-ground foliar feeding insect and its parasitoid can be influenced by the presence of non-host herbivores feeding on the roots of neighbouring conspecific plants.”

You also can read a paper published in Oikos, another Blackwell Publishing journal, under the title “Root herbivores influence the behaviour of an aboveground parasitoid through changes in plant-volatile signals” (Volume 116, Number 3, Pages 367-376, March 2007). Here is the last paragraph of the abstract. “Our results provide evidence that the foraging behaviour of a parasitoid of an aboveground herbivore can be influenced by belowground herbivores through changes in the plant volatile blend. Such indirect interactions may have profound consequences for the evolution of host selection behaviour in parasitoids, and may play an important role in the structuring and functioning of communities.”

Sources: The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), April 11, 2008; and various websites

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3 Responses to “Insects using plants as telephones”

  1. pingback:
    Posted: Apr 28th, 2008 at 2:37 pm | Link to this

    Insects using plants as telephones « The Essence Of Hip Hop

    […] research work has been conducted at the Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW) in the Department of […]

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  2. whistler
    Posted: Apr 29th, 2008 at 8:45 am | Link to this

    ISN’T SHE BEAUTIFUL - MOTHER NATURE

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    Posted: Apr 29th, 2008 at 8:49 am | Link to this

    Insects using plants as telephones - darkmesa

    […] using plants as telephones Insects using plants as telephones Monday, April 28th, 2008 By Roland Piquepaille | A team of Dutch ecologists has found that […]

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