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 | Translate: 翻译：               The price of free speech价格自由言论 Thursday, September 18th, 2008 星期四， 08年9月18日 By通过 George Monbiot乔治Monbiot | So we saw him off. |所以，我们看到他赶走。 Last week, in a victory for both medicine and free speech, Matthias Rath dropped his libel suit against the Guardian.上周，在一个胜利都医药和言论自由，马蒂亚斯莱斯放弃了诽谤罪起诉监护人。 But it seems amazing that the courts of this country allowed him to pursue this case.但似乎惊人的，法院这个国家允许他继续这种情况。 Rath, a German doctor, appears to have encouraged South Africans suffering from HIV to stop using anti-retroviral drugs and take his vitamin pills instead.莱斯，一名德国医生，似乎鼓励南非人患有艾滋病毒停止使用的抗逆转录病毒药物，并采取他的维生素药丸代替。 Several of them died.有几个人死亡。 It’s an important story, which shows that journalists are of some use after all.这是一个重要的故事，这表明记者的一些使用后，所有。 But the Guardian stood to lose hundreds of thousands of pounds for having the impudence to publish it.但卫为失去数以十万计的英镑有无耻出版。 This newspaper is big enough to look after itself, and on Monday it was also able to settle its legal dispute with Tesco.这份报纸是足够大的要照顾自己，周一也能够解决其法律纠纷与特易购。 But the net that Rath used is now being cast to catch ever smaller fry.但是，网，姜东使用正赶上投下越来越小鱼苗。 In the past few days, Sheffield Wednesday Football Club has dropped its cases against some of its fans(1,2).在过去的几天里，谢菲尔德星期三俱乐部已经放弃了对一些案件的球迷（ 1,2 ） 。 I am now allowed to write about the worst example of legal bullying I have ever seen.我现在可以写的最严重的例子法律欺负我见过。 The club has had serious problems, on and off the pitch, and many of its fans use an internet forum – owlstalk.co.uk – to discuss them.该俱乐部有严重的问题，和关闭球场上，和它的许多球迷使用互联网论坛-o wlstalk.co.uk-讨论这些问题。 They make the kind of comments you would expect to find on any talk board, and which would normally be forgotten within 15 minutes.他们提出什么样的意见，希望找到任何谈话董事会，并通常会被遗忘在15分钟内。 Two and half years ago the club launched its first suit.两年半以前的俱乐部进行了第一次诉讼。 Only now have the people who posted these comments emerged blinking from the labyrinthine nightmare of English law.只有现在的人谁张贴这些评论出现闪烁迷路从恶梦中英文法律。 As Geoffrey Robertson and Andrew Nicol explain in their excellent book Media Law, England’s defamation laws date back to a statute created in 1275.正如杰弗里罗伯逊和安德鲁尼科尔解释其出色的图书媒体法，英国的诽谤法可追溯到规约成立于1275年。 The criminal offence of scandalum magnatum was devised to protect “the great men of the realm” from stories which could stir the people against them.刑事犯罪scandalum magnatum制定，以保护“大男人的境界”的故事也可能引起人们对他们的。 Three centuries later, the Star Chamber allowed noblemen to launch civil actions for libel, to provide them with an alternative to duelling(3).三个世纪后，星分庭允许贵族发起民事诉讼诽谤，向他们提供一种替代办法斗（ 3 ） 。 They made prolific use of this privilege until Fox’s Libel Act of 1792 determined that the claimant (the person bringing the case) had to prove that the words used against him were false, malicious and damaging.他们多产利用这一特权，直到福克斯的诽谤法的1792年认定，原告（把人的情况下）已经证明，用字对他的虚假，恶意和破坏。 This means that libel law 216 years ago was more liberal and more in tune with the principle of free speech than it is today.这意味着，诽谤法二百一十六年前，更自由和更符合原则的言论比现在。 During the 19th and 20th centuries, Robertson and Nicol show, “the common law was re-fashioned to serve the British class system from the perspective of … the Victorian club.” To protect wealthy people from criticism, the courts reversed Fox’s burden of proof.在19世纪和20世纪，罗伯逊和尼科尔表明， “普通法重新老式服务的英国阶级制度的角度...维多利亚俱乐部。 ”为了保护富人的批评，法院扭转福克斯的负担举证责任。 They created a presumption that any derogatory remark made about a gentleman must be false.他们创造了一个假设，任何贬损的话约一个绅士必须是虚假的。 This remains the case today.这仍然是今天的情况。 Defamation differs from all other civil or criminal laws in Britain: the burden of proof is on the defendant.诽谤不同于其他所有的民事或刑事法律在英国：举证责任是被告。 The law remains the privilege of gentlemen, by which I mean people who are able to afford costs that often exceed a million pounds on each side.该法律仍然是特权的绅士，我的意思的人谁能够负担得起的费用往往超过100万英镑一边一国。 Cases tend to be resolved by sheer financial might, as the plaintiffs bankrupt the defendants, or force them to give in before their money runs out.案件往往是解决了纯粹的金融实力，作为原告，被告破产，或迫使他们放弃之前，他们的钱用完。 This ensures that the law retains its 13th Century function.这确保了法律保留其13世纪的功能。 It guarantees that most attempts to hold the wealthy to account founder before they are launched, as people bite their tongues for fear of losing their homes.它保证，大多数企图举行富裕的帐户创始人发射前，人们咬舌头的害怕失去自己的家园。 Since 1879, corporations have also been able to sue for libel(4).自1879年，跨国公司也能够为诽谤罪起诉（ 4 ） 。 The inequality of arms this causes is compounded by the fact that there is no legal aid for defamation cases.不平等的武器这个原因是复杂的是，没有法律援助的诽谤案件。 Lawyers are now allowed to fight these suits on a no-win, no-fee basis, but this freedom is double-edged: if a defendant loses, he could end up paying double the claimant’s legal costs.律师现在可以对付这些诉讼就没有胜利，没有收费依据，但这种自由是双刃剑：如果被告损失，他可能最终会付出加倍索赔人的诉讼费用。 This is the context in which Sheffield Wednesday went to court to demand the names and email addresses of 14 people who had posted comments on owlstalk.这是背景，谢菲尔德星期三到法院，要求姓名和电子邮件地址的人谁14日已张贴评论owlstalk 。 Here are some of the comments over which the club sued.以下是一些评论了该俱乐部起诉。 “What an embarrassing, pathetic, laughing stock of a football club we’ve become”. “什么尴尬的，可怜的，贻笑大方的足球俱乐部，我们已经成为” 。 “Another day, another blunder. “另一天，另一个错误。 I doubt even Leeds were in such a mess this time last summer, and look what happened to them”.我怀疑甚至是利兹在这样一个烂摊子这个时候去年夏天，我们期待发生的事情给他们。 “ “I am waiting with baited breath to hear who the Chuckle Brothers have signed after their trip to watch players abroad. “我等待饵呼吸听到谁是笑着兄弟已签署后，前往观看的球员在国外。 With the amount of money they have to spend and the wages they can offer the best we can hope for is that little known Transvestitavian International I.Sukblodov, who last scored in a brothel.”(5)随着金额，就必须花费的工资，他们可以提供最好的，我们可以希望的是鲜为人知Transvestitavian国际一Sukblodov ，谁最后得到了妓院。 “ （ 5 ） Such comments were deemed by the Sheffield Wednesday’s lawyers to be “false and seriously defamatory messages”(6) which had caused grievous injury to the delicate flowers who ran the club.这些意见被认为是由谢菲尔德星期三队的律师是“虚假和严重的诽谤讯息” （ 6 ） ，造成严重伤害的微妙谁花了俱乐部。 (They should try posting an article on the Guardian’s Comment is Free site). （他们应该尝试张贴的一篇文章的监护人的意见是完全免费的网站） 。 The lawyers threatened “proceedings to include claims for injunctions, damages, interest and legal costs (which could be substantial).”(7) The judge threw most of the application out, but instructed the forum’s host to reveal the email addresses of four of the posters, whose remarks seem to me to be almost as trivial as those he dismissed(8).律师威胁“程序，包括申请禁制令，损害赔偿，利息及诉讼费用（可大量） 。 ” （ 7 ）法官驳回大部分的应用，但指示该论坛的东道国揭示的电子邮件地址四海报，其言论在我看来几乎是微不足道的，他的那些驳回（ 8 ） 。 This took place a year ago, and the long shadow of the law hung over the posters until the club’s lawyers dropped the case last week.这发生在一年前，和长长的阴影的笼罩法的海报，直到俱乐部的律师下降的情况下上周。 Another case dates back to February 2006, when the club sent a warning letter to a fan called Nigel Short.另一起案件可以追溯到2006年2月，当俱乐部发出了警告信给球迷称为奈杰尔短。 When he received the letter he offered to apologise and to change his comments, but the club rejected this.当他收到这封信，他愿意道歉，并改变他的意见，但俱乐部拒绝了这一点。 He was able to fight it only because he found a lawyer – Mark Lewis of George Davies Solicitors in Manchester – who was incensed by this case and was prepared to represent him.他能够打击不仅是因为他发现一名律师-马克刘易斯的律师乔治戴维斯在曼彻斯特-谁是激怒了这一案件，并准备代表他。 “I’ve had two and a half years of worrying I was going to lose my house”, Short tells me. “我已经两年半的时间里令人担忧我会失去我的房子” ，短告诉我。 “It’s been hell. “这是地狱。 If Mark hadn’t done this no win, no fee, I would have been bankrupt by now.”(9)如果马克没有这样做没有获胜，不收费，我想已经破产了。 “ （ 9 ） In November 2007, Short was diagnosed with throat cancer. 2007年11月，短被诊断出患有咽喉癌。 The case continued.案件仍在继续。 But on Wednesday 3rd September he announced that his treatment had been successful(10).但是，星期三9月3日，他宣布说，他的治疗取得了成功（ 10 ） 。 On Friday 5th, the club dropped the case and agreed to pay his costs.上周五5日，该俱乐部下降的情况，并同意支付他的费用。 It issued a press release which suggested it had done so because of “Mr Short’s medical condition.”(11) I asked the club whether it had abandoned the case because it knew that Nigel would now live to fight the action.它发表了一份新闻稿，这表明它已经这样做是因为“他短的身体状况。 ” （ 11 ）我问俱乐部是否有被遗弃的案件，因为它知道，奈杰尔将现在住打击行动。 It has refused to answer my questions.(12)它拒绝回答我的问题。 （ 12 ） The point of this story is not that the directors of Sheffield Wednesday have behaved like a bunch of petulant bullies.这一点这个故事不是董事谢菲尔德星期三队的表现就像一群坏心眼的欺负。 It’s that the law equips them to do so.这是该法装备他们这样做。 Most people see this as an issue only for journalists.大多数人认为这是一个问题，不仅对新闻记者。 But the internet ensures that the law of defamation now threatens anyone who stands up for what he believes to be right.但是，互联网确保诽谤法现在威胁任何人谁站起来为他相信什么是正确的。 This autumn the English branch of PEN , which defends the freedom to write, will launch a campaign against our libel law.今年秋天的英语支笔 ，它捍卫的自由书写，将发起一个运动对我们的诽谤法。 But where are the rest of you?但是，如果是休息吗？ Where are the petitions, the public protests, the lobbies of parliament?在哪里申请，市民抗议，游说国会？ Why is this 13th-Century law still permitted to stifle legitimate dissent?这是为什么13世纪的法律仍然允许扼杀合法的持不同政见？ Wake up Britain: your freedoms are disappearing into the pockets of barristers and billionaires.唤醒英国：您的自由是消失的口袋律师和亿万富翁。 References:参考文献： 1. 1 。 K&L Gates, 9th September 2008. SWFC and others v Neil Hargreaves. K和L盖茨， 2008年9月9日。 SWFC等诉尼尔哈格里夫斯。 Notice of discontinuance.通知终止。 2. 2 。 Irwin Mitchell, 5th September 2008. SWFC and Kaven Walker v Nigel Short.欧文米切尔， 08年9月5日。 SWFC和Kaven沃克v奈杰尔短。 Notice of discontinuance.通知终止。 3. 3 。 Geoffrey Robertson QC and Andrew Nicol QC, 2008.杰弗里罗伯逊的QC和安德鲁尼科尔御用大律师， 2008年。 Media Law, 5th Edition.媒体法，第5版。 Penguin, London.企鹅，伦敦。 4. 4 。 Geoffrey Robertson, pers comm.杰弗里罗伯逊，属通信。 5. 5 。 K&L Gates, 10th August 2007. K和L盖茨， 2007年八月一十号。 Schedule attached to letter sent to George Davies Solicitors.附表所附致函美国戴维斯律师事务所。 6. SWFC and Others, 14th September 2007. 6 。 SWFC和其他大，十四大2007年9月。 Claim Form v Neil Hargreaves.索赔中五尼尔哈格里夫斯。 No.HQ07X03169. No.HQ07X03169 。 7. 7 。 K&L Gates, 10th August 2007. K和L盖茨， 2007年八月一十号。 Letter to George Davies Solicitors.信乔治戴维斯律师。 8. 8 。 Richard Parkes QC, Sitting as a Deputy Judge of the Queen’s Bench Division, 2nd October 2007.理查德帕克斯的QC ，暂委法官的王座司， 2007年10月二日。 Approved Judgment, Case No: HQ07X03169.核定的判决，案件编号： HQ07X03169 。 9. 9 。 Nigel Short, pers comm.奈杰尔短，属通信。 11. SWFC Ltd, 5th September 2008. 11 。 SWFC有限公司， 2008年9月5日。 Statement.声明。 This appears to have been removed from SWFC’s site, but I have retained a copy.这似乎已被调离SWFC的网站，但我保留一份副本。 Please write to me if you want to see it.请写信给我，如果你想看到它。 12. 12 。 Colin Wood, SWFC , 15th September 2008.科林木材， SWFC十五2008年9月。 By email.通过电子邮件。 Have Your Say: The price of free speech 你说：价格的自由言论 Please read our请仔细阅读我们的 posting guidelines before posting张贴在发布前的指导方针 . 。 Alternatively或者 you can discuss this report here你可以讨论这份报告在这里 . 。 One Response to “The price of free speech”一个响应“价格言论自由”
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I agree with Julie Birchall re Monbiot.我同意朱莉查尔重新Monbiot 。 But, what an excellent article by GM.但是，什么是优秀的文章，通用汽车公司。