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 | Translate: 翻譯：               European Union summit in Brussels: The EU prepares for Obama歐洲聯盟首腦會議在布魯塞爾：歐盟準備奧巴馬 Monday, November 10th, 2008 星期一， 08年11月10日 By通過 Peter Schwarz彼得施瓦茨 | On Friday, the 27 government leaders of the European Union (EU) met for a special summit in Brussels. |上週五，政府領導人27日在歐洲聯盟（歐盟）舉行了特別首腦會議在布魯塞爾舉行。 The invitation had been extended by French President Nicolas Sarkozy, who currently holds the presidency of the European Council.邀請已經延長了法國總統薩科齊，誰目前擔任主席的歐洲理事會。 It marked the seventh summit meeting since France took over the presidency in July.它標誌著第七屆首腦會議，因為法國接任主席在7月。 The official aim of the meeting was to draw up a common European position for the world economic summit that is taking place next weekend in Washington.這位官員會議旨在制定一個歐洲共同的立場對世界經濟首腦會議正在發生在下週末在華盛頓舉行。 This gathering of the so-called G-20, comprising the old industrialised countries (the G-8) and newly industrialised countries such as China, India, Brazil and Mexico, will discuss proposals to confront the international financial crisis.本次聚會的所謂20國集團，其中包括舊的工業化國家（ 8國集團）和新興工業化國家如中國，印度，巴西和墨西哥，將討論建議，面對國際金融危機。 If one is to believe the host of Friday’s meeting, Sarkozy, the EU reached a common position in Brussels.如果有人認為是東道國週五的會議上，薩科齊，歐盟達成了共同立場，在布魯塞爾舉行。 “We held very comprehensive discussions, and I can say that Europe has a very detailed point of view,” he said at the end of the summit. “我們舉行了非常全面的討論，我可以說，歐洲有一個非常詳細的角度看，他說： ”在年底的首腦會議。 “We will be defending a common position, a vision for restructuring our financial system.” “我們將捍衛共同的立場，理想的重組我們的金融體系。 ” However, if one examines the concrete results of the summit, it becomes clear that they do not go further than a series of vague and superficial proposals to better supervise the international financial markets.但是，如果我們研究的具體成果首腦會議，就明確表示，他們不會再進一步了一系列模糊和膚淺的建議，以更好地監督國際金融市場。 The meeting agreed on five guidelines that the Europeans will be advocating in Washington.會議商定了五項準則的歐洲人主張將在華盛頓舉行。 First, the rating agencies that evaluate the credit-worthiness of financial firms should be regulated and supervised.首先，評級機構，評估信貸價值的金融企業應該加以規範和監督。 Second, accounting standards should be harmonised worldwide.第二，會計準則應該是全球統一的。 Third, all banks, funds and other financial instruments should be subject to “appropriate rules,” and this should also apply to tax havens.第三，所有的銀行，基金和其他金融工具應符合“適當的規則” ，這也應適用於避稅天堂。 Fourth, “codes of conduct” should be established to avoid “excessive risk-taking” in the financial sector.第四， “行為守則”應確立以避免“過度承擔風險”的金融部門。 And fifth, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) should oversee these new global rules and become the “axis of a renewed international system.”第五，國際貨幣基金組織（ IMF ）應監督這些新的全球規則，並成為“邪惡軸心新的國際體系。 ” Precisely how the IMF should do this remains unclear.正是如何國際貨幣基金組織應該這樣做仍不清楚。 This question caused sharp disputes in the run-up to the summit.這個問題引起的爭端急劇預備會議。 French proposals for the IMF to direct international economic policy met with vigorous opposition in Germany and Britain.法國建議國際貨幣基金組織直接的國際經濟政策會見了強烈反對，德國和英國。 Swedish Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt also warned against “over-regulating our economy once again.”瑞典首相弗雷德里克賴因費爾特還警告說， “過度管制我國經濟再次。 ” The German newspaper Die Welt warned that Sarkozy’s proposals would lead to the “primacy of politics in economic questions” and said they represented an attack on the “independence of the European Central Bank in monetary policy.”德國世界報報導說，薩爾科齊的建議將導致“首要的政治經濟問題” ，並說他們所代表的攻擊的“獨立的歐洲中央銀行的貨幣政策。 ” The same newspaper summed up the Brussels meeting with the words: “The Europeans are not exactly staking their claim to play a leading role in the building of a new world financial order from a position of strength.同樣的報紙總結了布魯塞爾會議的話： “歐洲人不完全押他們宣稱發揮主導作用，建立一個新的世界金融秩序的立場力量。 The differences of opinion are still too great within the union, and are barely covered over by the newly found unity around a common negotiating position.”意見分歧仍然過大的工會，幾乎涵蓋由新發現的團結在一個共同的談判立場。 “ More important than the vague proposals to regulate the financial markets was the demand of the Brussels gathering for a new world financial summit to be held in 100 days in order to formulate concrete measures following the discussion at next weekend’s meeting.更重要的含糊不清的建議規範金融市場的需求在布魯塞爾聚會為新的世界金融峰會將在100天內，以制定具體措施，以下的討論下個週末的會議。 By that time, the newly elected President Barack Obama will have been in office for one month.到那時，新當選的總統奧巴馬將一直在辦公室一個月。 The European heads of government are obviously less concerned with making agreements with the outgoing Bush administration than with determining whether the new administration is prepared to make any concessions.歐洲政府首腦，顯然不太關心使協議即將離任的布什政府而不是確定是否新政府準備作出任何讓步。 Even before the Washington meeting, Bush has warned against over-regulation of the international markets and called on the participants not to use the crisis “as an excuse for restricting the free market or for new commercial barriers.” In contrast, Obama after his election victory, telephoned several European leaders and promised joint action regarding the financial crisis.即使在華盛頓會議上，布什警告說，過度監管的國際市場，並呼籲與會者不要使用危機“為藉口，限制自由市場或新的商業壁壘。 ”相比之下，奧巴馬當選後勝利，打電話給幾個歐洲國家的領導人，並承諾採取聯合行動方面的財政危機。 At least this is how German government spokespersons have interpreted a 15-minute discussion between Obama and Chancellor Angela Merkel.至少，這是多麼德國政府發言人解釋了15分鐘的討論和奧巴馬之間的默克爾。 However, the Europeans are not prepared simply to wait for the change of administrations in the US.然而，歐洲人不準備只是為了等待行政部門的變化在美國。 They are far from sure whether politics in the US will fundamentally change under Obama.他們遠離政治是否在美國將從根本上改變根據奧巴馬。 They are seeking to use the transition period to strengthen their own position.他們試圖利用過渡期，以加強自己的地位。 Asked whether it would not be better to wait until Obama takes office on January 20, President Sarkozy responded that the economic crisis was so serious that the world “cannot wait, not even for the world’s largest economy.”當被問及這是否將不能夠更好地等到奧巴馬上任1月20日，薩科齊總統回答說，經濟危機非常嚴重， “世界不能等待，甚至不能為世界最大的經濟體。 ” Speculation over a new international financial order, a “Bretton Woods II,” which has been circulating in the European media for weeks must be seen in this context.猜測新的國際金融秩序的“布雷頓森林二， ”一直流傳在歐洲媒體對週必須被視為在這方面。 The 1944 Bretton Woods agreement established the foundations of the post-war financial order. 1944年布雷頓森林協議建立的基礎戰後的金融秩序。 The agreement was based on the economic and political supremacy of the United States.該協議是基於經濟和政治霸權的美國。 The present financial crisis, which began in the US, is interpreted in Europe to a large extent as signalling the end of this supremacy.目前的財政危機，它開始在美國，是在歐洲的解釋在很大程度上是因為信號本月底優勢。 A new financial order, it is said, must be established on a multilateral basis and take more strongly into consideration the interests of newly industrialised countries such as China, India and Brazil—and, above all, Europe.一種新的金融秩序，這是說，必須建立在多邊基礎上，採取更有力地考慮到利益的新興工業化國家如中國，印度和巴西，尤其是歐洲。 Thus, the weekly Die Zeit regards the financial crisis as a “rare opportunity to reshape the global economy.” The newspaper writes in its November 6 edition: “This time an order should arise which does not simply serve the old powers of the West, but also the emerging economies in Asia, Latin America and the Gulf, and which makes it possible for the state to re-conquer some of the terrain that it abandoned to the market….因此， 模具時代周刊關於金融危機是一個“難得的機會，重塑全球經濟。 ”報紙寫在其11月6日版： “這一次的命令應該出現的不只是服務的舊的權力西，而且新興經濟體在亞洲，拉丁美洲和海灣地區，這使國家重新征服一些地形，它被遺棄的市場... 。 The outlines of a new world order are coming to the fore.” The article adds that states should “cooperate more closely” and that the new, global problems require “a new, global steering committee.”綱要的一個新的世界秩序正在出現。 “文章說，國家應”更密切合作“和新的，全球性問題需要”一個新的全球指導委員會。 “ The same article warns that the crisis not only offers an opportunity to shape the global economy, but also the danger that each individual country “pursues its own interests at the expense of the others.” It asks anxiously, “Which will prevail in the end?”同一篇文章警告說，危機不僅提供了一個機會，塑造全球經濟，而且還危險，每個國家“追求自己的利益而犧牲了其他人。 ”這焦急地問， “哪個將在年底？ “ If one considers the facts presented by Die Zeit itself, the answer to this question is clear: The belief that a new and stable economic order will emerge from the present crisis is a pipe dream.如果認為所提出的事實模具時代本身，對這個問題的答案是明確的：相信，新的和穩定的經濟秩序將擺脫目前的危機是一個夢想。 All the experiences of the twentieth century argue that the replacement of one great power by another power or group of powers—ie, the supplanting of US supremacy by a new order placing Europe and the emerging markets on an equal footing, as Die Zeit proposes—cannot proceed peacefully.所有的經驗，在二十世紀爭辯說，更換一個偉大的權力的另一個權力或團體的權力，即取代美國霸權的一個新秩序放在歐洲和新興市場在平等的基礎上，作為模具的時代提出，不能進行和平。 The faint-hearted proposal of the Brussels summit to eliminate some of the worst speculative excrescences from the international financial markets comes at a time when the crisis has already spread into the real economy.在微弱的心提議在布魯塞爾首腦會議，以消除一些最嚴重的投機excrescences從國際金融市場正值危機已經蔓延到實際經濟。 According to the IMF, the entire world economy is sinking into a recession for the first time since the Second World War.據國際貨幣基金組織，整個世界經濟陷入衰退以來的第一次第二次世界大戰。 However, when the survival of whole branches of industry and financial interests in the hundreds of billions of dollars are at stake, there cannot be any peaceful agreement between rival capitalist states.然而，當生存的整個工業部門和財政利益的數千億美元受到威脅時，就不會有任何和平協議的競爭對手之間的資本主義國家。 As far as hopes in Obama are concerned, in the few days since his election he has left no doubt that he is committed to defending the most powerful financial and economic interests in the US.至於希望寄託在奧巴馬而言，在幾天自當選以來，他已經離開毫無疑問，他是致力於捍衛最強大的金融和經濟利益在美國。 He has surrounded himself with advisors who come from the same circles that have ruled the US for decades.他已經包圍他的顧問誰來自同一人士認為，已排除美國幾十年。 Europe itself is torn by conflicts. Die Zeit describes some of the disputes raging in the run-up to the Washington summit.歐洲本身是飽受衝突。 模特介紹一些爭端肆虐之前的華盛頓首腦會議。 “Already it appears that some states could break away in order to secure an advantage for themselves,” the newspaper writes. “目前看來，一些國家可以打破，以確保自己的優勢， ”該報寫道。 Britain is suspected of favouring a bigger role for the IMF “because the country enjoys much influence in it and because the financial services industry is particularly important for the country.” Die Zeit quotes an insider who said: “They’re only concerned about protecting the City of London.”英國是涉嫌有利於發揮更大的作用貨幣基金組織“ ，因為該國享有很大的影響力，因為它和金融服務行業特別重要的是國家。 ” 模具時代引號內幕誰說： “他們只關心保護倫敦金融城的。 “ The newspaper sums up the situation in the European Union in the following way: “The EU states are clear that they can have international weight only if they come to an agreement.該報總結了局勢，歐洲聯盟的方式如下： “歐盟國家明確表示，他們可以有國際重量只有當他們來到一項協議。 But because Germany fears for its own influence, and France has, for a long time, produced only populist proposals, there is great resistance to any institutionalisation of collaboration.”但是，由於擔心德國對自己的影響力，法國，很長一段時間，只產生民粹主義的建議，有很大的阻力任何制度化的合作。 “ Have Your Say: European Union summit in Brussels: The EU prepares for Obama 你說：歐洲聯盟首腦會議在布魯塞爾：歐盟準備奧巴馬 Please read our請仔細閱讀我們的 posting guidelines before posting張貼在發布前的指導方針 . 。 Alternatively或者 you can discuss this report here你可以討論這份報告在這裡 . 。 Related News 相關新聞
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