Saturday, April 26th, 2008 週六， 2008年4月26日 
By Sherwood Ross |作者： Sherwood羅斯|
President George W. Bush has transformed an open federal government in Washington into one of “pervasive secrecy,” a distinguished authority on communications and First Amendment rights says.美國總統布什已轉化為一個開放的美國聯邦政府在華盛頓成為一個“無孔不入的秘密， ”一位傑出的權威，就通信和第一修正案的權利說。
Since his inauguration, Bush has overseen changes that suggest “a dramatic growth of government secrecy, far beyond the secrecy occurring during the Clinton Administration,” writes Susan Dente Ross,(no relation) an Associate Professor in the Edward R. Murrow School of Communication at Washington State University at Pullman.由於他的就職典禮，布什監督的變化表明， “急劇增長，政府的保密，遠遠超出了保密發生在克林頓政府時期， ”寫蘇珊dente羅斯， （沒有關係） ，副教授，在晚安，好運學校的溝通在華盛頓州立大學在普爾曼。
“Through executive agency opinions, executive orders, statutory changes, and aggressive litigation, the Bush Administration has effectively limited the power of FOIA(Freedom of Information Act) and reversed the presumption that government records should be available to the public absent demonstrable proof showing that secrecy is needed,” Ross writes in The Long Term View, a journal of opinion published by the Massachusetts School of Law at Andover. “通過執行機構的意見，行政命令，法定的變化，和咄咄逼人的訴訟，布什政府已經有效地限制權力foia （資訊自由法）和扭轉推定，就是政府的紀錄，應該向公眾提供缺席證明的證據顯示，保密是必要的， “羅斯寫在長遠來看，期刊的意見，所發表的馬薩諸塞州法律學院的在andover 。
“The administration’s sweeping expansion of the power of federal government to classify records, and so hide them from public view, increases the range of information that may be classified and extends the lifetime of such secrecy,” Ross says. “政府的清掃擴大的權力，聯邦政府的分類記錄，所以隱藏他們從公眾視野，增加了一系列的資料，可能被歸類和延長壽命，如保密， ”羅斯說。 She noted that:她指出：
# Bush has increased the number of federal agencies authorized to designate information as secret and exempt them from public disclosure. ＃布什人數增加聯邦機構授權指定的信息作為秘密和豁免他們向公眾披露。
# The Department of Homeland Security removed the agency’s entire classification of information process from public scrutiny. ＃國土安全部取消該機構的整個分類信息的過程中，從公眾的監察。 The secretaries’ of Health and Human Services and Agriculture and the administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, have been granted the right to classify information “for purposes of national security and national defense.”書記'健康與人類服務和農業的管理員環境保護局，已獲准有權分類信息“為目的的國家安全和國防” 。
# The Defense Department has adopted a new policy that imposes strict limits on discussion of all its “critical research” from the “idea phase” onward. ＃防禦署已通過了一項新的政策，實行嚴格的限制，討論其所有“的關鍵研究” ，從“的構想階段”起。
# Bush has placed his own papers, and those of his father, the former president, “outside the public eye and empowered himself to keep Congress in the dark about intelligence matters. ＃布什放在他自己的論文，和他的父親，前總統， “以外的公眾視線，並有權自己保持國會在黑暗中有關情報的事宜。
# Bush has increased the authority of the Central Intelligence Agency to empower its director to block declassification of CIA information unless disclosure is authorized by the president. ＃布什增加了黨中央的權威情報機構，授權其主任座解密的美國中央情報局的資料披露，除非是授權由總統。
# Bush has extended time that information can be kept classified from 10 to 25 years and this period may be extended even longer. ＃布什已延長時間的資料，可以保持機密，從10至25年，這期間可能會延長，甚至更長的時間。
“Blanket closures of INS(Immigration and Naturalization Service) proceedings and absolute gags on disclosure of related information eviscerate the time-honored constitutional protection of open public trials,” Ross writes. “一刀切關閉的INS （移民和歸化局）訴訟和絕對gags關於相關信息的披露eviscerate的時間悠久的憲法保護的公開審判， ”羅斯寫道。
She noted the federal government “arrested and refused to identify hundreds of aliens who either may be connected to terrorism as material witnesses or who may have visa or other INS infractions.”她指出，美國聯邦政府“被捕，並拒絕以確定數以百計的外國人無論是誰，可連接到恐怖主義作為材料的證人或誰可能有簽證或其他程式的違規行為” 。
An INS directive issued promptly after September 11, 2001, mandated absolute closure of all deportation hearings in cases the agency determined to be of “special interest” to the war on terrorism, Ross said. 1程式指令發出後，及時將2001年9月11日，已獲授權的絕對關閉所有遞解出境的聽證會在情況下，工程處被確定為“特殊利益”的反恐戰爭， Ross說。
The INS judges could gag aliens from disclosing anything learned in closed proceedings and an INS regulation requires states and localities housing federal detainees to withhold all information about them.移民局法官可以的gag外國人披露任何據悉，在封閉的法律程序和移民局規例規定國家和地方的房屋聯邦拘留扣壓所有關於他們的信息。
Ross noted, though, a US Court of Appeals judge struck down the INS closures and a US District Court Judge in Washington ordered the Justice Department to disclose the names of more than 1,100 non-US citizens detained at some point in connection with terrorism.羅斯指出，雖然，美國一個上訴法院法官推翻移民局的封鎖和美國聯邦地方法院法官在華盛頓下令司法部透露姓名的1100多非美國公民被拘留在一些點，他們涉嫌與恐怖主義。
Ross asserts, “Legislation championed as essential to protect the nation against terrorist threats allows the federal government to spy on its citizens, to detain them in secret without charges, to prosecute them based on secret evidence, and to prohibit parties to the trial from discussing related information.”羅斯聲稱， “立法倡導的作為，必須保護國家免受恐怖主義的威脅，允許聯邦政府間諜就其公民，扣留他們在秘密未經起訴，起訴他們基於秘密的證據，並禁止當事人向審判討論相關信息“ 。
Ross writes the merest perusal of some Bush initiatives shows it has reversed the presumption of open government: “Although the now prevailing presumption of closed government is masked in subtle nuances of language and interpretive guidelines, we may liken the shift to the sea change that would occur in our criminal justice system if we moved from a presumption of innocent until proven guilty to an assumption of guilty until proven innocent.”羅斯寫入merest閱讀一些布什的舉措表明，它已扭轉了推定開放的政府： “雖然目前普遍存在的推定封閉，政府是蒙面在微妙的細微差別的語言和解釋性的指引，我們可以比喻轉移到海上的變化會發生在我們的刑事司法系統中，如果我們從一個推定無辜被證明有罪之前，以一個假設有罪，直至證明無辜的“ 。
Granting the Bush administration has imposed its sweeping secrecy policies in the name of national security, Ross contends this exchange is “unacceptable.”給予布什政府施加其籠統的保密政策，在名稱，國家安全，羅斯爭辯這種交流是“不可接受的” 。
“The trade-off, secrecy for security, is a sham,” she writes. “貿易小康，保密安全，是一個深水， ”她寫道。 “The citizenry gives up its vital check on abuse of government power and gains little in return.”“A shadow government that operates in secrecy,” Ross continues, “does not advance the security of its citizens. “公民放棄其重要的檢查對濫用政府權力和收穫很少的回報。 ” ， “影子政府運作，在保密的， ”羅斯繼續“ ，不推動其公民的安全。 Ignorance is not security.無知是不是安全。 Safety is not increased when citizens are blinded by government deception and distortion.安全是沒有增加時，公民是利欲熏心的政府欺騙和歪曲事實。 Government does not better serve its electorate when it operates with impunity.”政府不提供更好的服務，其選民時，它的運作與有罪不罰的現象“ 。
The Massachusetts School of Law, publishers of the Long Term View, is purposefully dedicated to the education of minorities, immigrants, and students from low- and middle-income backgrounds that would otherwise be unable to attend law school and enter the legal profession.麻省理工學院的規定，出版商長遠來看，是有針對性地奉獻給教育，少數民族，移民，和學生從低收入和中等收入的背景，否則無法出席法學院和進入法律界的意見。 Views expressed in the publication are not necessarily those of the law school.所表達的意見，出版不一定是那些法學院。
(Sherwood Ross, media consultant to Massachusetts School of Law. Reach him at sherwoodr1@yahoo.com ) （舍伍德羅斯，媒體顧問馬薩諸塞州法律學院。達到他在sherwoodr1@yahoo.com ）
Sherwood Ross has worked as a publicist for the City of Chicago and Nassau County, NY, governments; as a news director for the National Urban League; as a reporter for the Chicago Daily News; as a workplace columnist for Reuters; as a media consultant to colleges, universities, law schools and more than 100 national magazines including The New Yorker, The Atlantic, Business Week, and Foreign Policy; as a speechwriter for mayors, governors and presidential candidates, and as a radio news reporter and talk show host at WOL, Washington, DC He holds an award for “best spot news coverage” for Chicago radio stations in 1963.舍伍德羅斯工作作為一個公關為芝加哥市和拿騷縣，紐約州，各國政府;作為一個新聞主任為全國城市聯盟;作為一個記者，芝加哥每日新聞報;視為一個工作場所的專欄作家路透社;作為一個媒體顧問到高校，法律學校和100多個國家的雜誌包括新的紐約客，大西洋，商業周刊，和外交政策;作為一個發言稿為市長，省長和總統候選人，並作為一個電台記者和談話節目主持人在wol ，華盛頓哥倫比亞特區，他認為，一獎“最佳現場新聞報導的”芝加哥電台於1963年。 His degree from the University of Miami was in race relations and he has written a book, “Gruening of Alaska,” a number of national magazine articles and several plays, including “Baron Jiro,” produced at Live Arts Theatre, Charlottesville, Va., and “Yamamoto’s Decision,” read at the National Press Club, where he is a member.他的程度，從邁阿密大學是在種族關係，他寫了一本書， “寧船長阿拉斯加， ”一些國家的雜誌文章和幾個劇本，包括“白頭次郎” ，生產生活藝術劇院，夏洛茨維爾，弗吉尼亞州，和“山本的決定， ”閱讀在全國記者俱樂部，在那裡他是一個會員。 His favorite quotations are from the Sermon on The Mount.他最喜愛的報價是從山上寶訓。
See More: 看到更多的： Bush 布什 USA News 美國新聞 Have Your Say: Bush Secrecy Policies Transforming US Government 你說：布什的保密政策轉變，美國政府 Please note, only selected comments will be published.請注意，只有選定的評論將出版。 Or discuss this report in our new forums 或討論這個報告在我們的新論壇 RSS 的RSS TrackBack URL 跟踪 RUI
This entry was posted on Saturday, April 26th, 2008 at 6:42 pm and is filed under 此項目被張貼在週六， 2008年4月26日在下午6時42分，並提交下 Political News 政治新聞 , ， General 一般 . 。 You can follow any responses to this entry through the 您可以按照任何的反應，此項目通過 RSS 2.0 2.0 feed. 餵養。 You can 您可以 leave a response 留下的回應 , or ，或 trackback Trackback跟踪 from your own site. 從你自己的網站。 
Here’s one Bush can ponder over:這裡的一，布什可以思考：
VETERANS LAUNCH NATIONAL EDUCATION EFFORT ON ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION退伍軍人開展國民教育的努力，對非法入境者
INDIANAPOLIS (April 28, 2008) – Crime, terrorism and dependency on scarce government dollars are some of the major reasons why the nation’s largest veterans organization is concerned about illegal immigration.印第安納波利斯（ 2008年4月28日） -犯罪，恐怖主義和依賴於稀缺的美元是政府的一些主要的原因，全美最大的退伍軍人組織是關心非法入境者。 So concerned, in fact, that The American Legion today began a nationwide outreach to alert Americans to the dangers posed by illegal aliens and the government’s reluctance to seriously address the issue.這麼關注，其實，認為美國軍團今天開始在全國范圍內推廣，以提醒美國人構成的危險，非法居留的外國人，以及政府的不情願，認真解決這一問題。
“American Legion members have served in the US Armed Forces throughout the world so that Americans can feel safe at home,” said Marty Conatser, national commander. “美國軍團的成員都曾任職於美國武裝部隊的整個世界，使美國人能夠安心在家裡，說： ”馬蒂conatser ，國家指揮官。 “We have seen Third World countries. “我們所看到的第三世界國家。 We have seen poverty, political instability, disease and war.我們所看到的貧窮，政治不穩定，疾病和戰爭。 Today we see the threat that open borders present to our homeland.今天我們看到的威脅，開放邊界，目前我們的家園。
“With more than 14,000 posts and 2.7 million members, I am asking Legionnaires everywhere to start the national dialogue that needs to happen now,” Conatser said. “以上的14000個職位和270萬成員，我問的軍團，到處開始的全國對話的需要，出現現在， ” conatser說。 “As a nation at war with operatives sworn to kill Americans, our government must shut down our open borders and take decisive action to address a crippling national problem.” “作為一個國家在戰爭與操作工宣誓要殺害美國人，我們的政府必須關閉，我們開放的邊界和採取果斷的行動來解決沉重的國家的問題” 。
Unlike the “A” in ACLU, the “A” in American Legion actually stands for American!不同的“ A ”在美國公民自由聯盟， “ 1 ”在美國軍團其實是主張美國！
Read the full story:閱讀完整的故事：
http://www.legion.org/vision/currentevents/2008/04/veterans_launch_national_educa.html