Bush Covered up Musharraf Ties with Qaeda, Khan布什掩蓋了穆沙拉夫的聯繫與組織，汗
( （ IPS的IPS ) - Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf’s resignation Monday brings to an end an extraordinarily close relationship between Musharraf and the George W. Bush administration, in which Musharraf was lavished with political and economic benefits from the United States despite policies that were in sharp conflict with US security interests. ） -巴基斯坦總統穆沙拉夫的辭職星期一帶來了一個句號異常之間的密切關係，穆沙拉夫和布什政府，在這種穆沙拉夫是慷慨的政治和經濟利益，從美國的政策，儘管當時在尖銳的衝突美國的安全利益。
It is well known that Bush repeatedly praised Musharraf as the most loyal ally of the United States against terrorism, even though the Pakistani military was deeply compromised by its relationship with the Taliban and Pakistani Islamic militants.這是人所共知的布什一再稱讚穆沙拉夫作為最忠實的盟友，美國打擊恐怖主義，即使巴基斯坦軍方深感妥協的關係，與塔利班和巴基斯坦的伊斯蘭激進分子。
What has not been reported is that the Bush administration covered up the Musharraf regime’s involvement in the activities of the AQ Khan nuclear technology export programme and its deals with al Qaeda’s Pakistani tribal allies.有什麼不報的是，布什政府掩蓋了穆沙拉夫政權的活動的參與AQ汗的核技術出口方案及其處理與蓋達組織的巴部落的盟國。
The problem faced by the Bush administration when it came into office was that the Pakistani military, over which Musharraf presided, was the real terrorist nexus with the Taliban and al Qaeda.所面臨的問題，布什政府時生效辦公室是巴基斯坦軍隊，而穆沙拉夫主持，是真正的恐怖主義的聯繫與塔利班和蓋達al 。 As Bruce Riedel, National Security Council (NSC) senior director for South Asia in the Bill Clinton administration, who stayed on the NSC staff under the Bush administration, observed in an interview with this writer last September, al Qaeda “was a creation of the jihadist culture of the Pakistani army”.作為布魯斯里德爾，國家安全委員會（ NSC ）高級主任，南亞在條例草案中，克林頓政府，誰留在國科會的工作人員，根據布什政府的觀察所得，在接受記者採訪時，與筆者去年9月，蓋達組織“是一個創造的聖戰的文化，巴基斯坦軍隊“ 。
If there was a state sponsor of al Qaeda, Riedel said, it was the Pakistani military, acting through its Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) Directorate.如果有一個國家贊助的蓋達組織，里德爾說，這是巴基斯坦軍方採取行動，通過其跨服務三軍情報局（ ISI ）的首長。
Vice President Dick Cheney and the neoconservative-dominated Bush Pentagon were aware of the intimate relationship between Musharraf’s regime and both the Taliban and al Qaeda.美國副總統切尼和新保守主義主導布什五角大樓都知道的親密關係，穆沙拉夫的政權都塔利班和蓋達al 。 But al Qaeda was not a high priority for the Bush administration.但蓋達組織是不是一個高度優先事項布什政府。
After 9/11, the White House created the political myth that Musharraf, faced with a clear choice, had “joined the free world in fighting the terrorists”.後9 / 11 ，白宮創造了政治神話，穆沙拉夫，面對一個明確的選擇， “加入自由世界在打擊恐怖分子” 。 But as Asia expert Selig S. Harrison has pointed out, on Sep. 19, 2001, just six days after he had supposedly agreed to US demands for cooperation against the Taliban regime and al Qaeda, Musharraf gave a televised speech in Urdu in which he declared, “We are trying our best to come out of this critical situation without any damage to Afghanistan and the Taliban.”但作為亞洲問題專家塞利格哈里森美國已指出， 9月19日， 2001年，剛剛六天後，他曾假定同意美國的要求，為合作打擊塔利班政權和蓋達al ，穆沙拉夫發表了電視講話，在烏爾都語他在其中宣稱， “我們正設法盡力出來的這一嚴峻局勢沒有任何損害向阿富汗和塔利班” 。
In his memoirs, published in 2006, Musharraf revealed the seven specific demands he had been given and claimed that he had refused both “blanket overflight and landing rights” and the use of Pakistan’s naval ports and air bases to conduct anti-terrorism operations.在他的回憶錄，發表在2006年，穆沙拉夫揭示了七項具體要求，他已發出，並聲稱他拒絕都“一刀切飛越和著陸的權利” ，以及使用巴基斯坦的海軍港口和空軍基地進行反恐怖主義行動。
Musharraf also famously wrote that, immediately after 9/11, Undersecretary of State Richard Armitage had threatened to bomb Pakistan “back to the stone age” if Musharraf didn’t side with the United States against bin Laden and his Afghan hosts.穆沙拉夫還寫了著名的，後立即9 / 11 ，副國家阿米蒂奇曾威脅轟炸巴基斯坦“回到石器時代”如果穆沙拉夫沒有方與美國對拉登和他的阿富汗主機。 But Armitage categorically denied to this writer, through his assistant, Kara Bue, that he had made any threat whatsoever, let alone a threat to retaliate militarily against Pakistan.但阿米蒂奇斷然否認了這個作家，通過他的助理，卡拉bue ，他已作出的任何威脅可言，更遑論威脅，報復，軍事對巴基斯坦。
For the next few years, Musharraf played a complicated game.在未來數年，穆沙拉夫起到了複雜的遊戲。 The CIA was allowed to operate in Pakistan’s border provinces to pursue al Qaeda operatives, but only as long as they had ISI units accompanying them.中情局獲准開辦在巴基斯坦的邊境省份，以追求蓋達組織操作工，但只有只要他們有ISI的單位，陪同他們。 That restricted their ability to gather intelligence in the northwest frontier.限制他們的能力，收集情報，在西北邊境。 At the same time, ISI was allowing Taliban and al Qaeda leaders to operate freely in the tribal areas and even in Karachi.在同一時間內，三軍情報局是允許塔利班和蓋達領導人al自由運作，在部落地區，甚至在卡拉奇。
The Bush administration also gave Musharraf and the military regime a free ride on the AQ Khan network’s selling of nuclear technology to Libya and Iran, even though there was plenty of evidence that the generals had been fully aware of and supported Khan’s activities.布什政府還向穆沙拉夫和軍事政權的免費轉乘對卡迪爾汗網絡的出售核技術，以利比亞和伊朗，即使有大量的證據表明，將軍已充分意識到，並支持汗的活動。
Journalists Douglas Frantz and Catherine Collins wrote in their book “The Nuclear Jihadist” that one retired general who had worked with Khan told them there was no question that Khan had acted with the full knowledge of the military leadership.記者frantz道格拉斯和凱瑟琳柯林斯寫在他們的著作“核聖戰”一退役將軍，誰曾與汗告訴他們，是沒有問題，汗已採取行動，與充分的知識軍方領導層。 “Of course the military knew,” the general said. “當然，軍事知道， ”將軍說。 “They helped him.” “他們幫他” 。
But the Bush administration chose to help Musharraf cover up that inconvenient fact.但布什政府選擇，以幫助穆沙拉夫掩飾認為不方便的事實。 According to CIA Director George Tenet’s memoirs, in September 2003, he confronted Musharraf with the evidence the CIA had gathered on Khan’s operation and made it clear he was expected to end its operations and arrest Khan.根據美國中央情報局局長特尼特的回憶錄中，在2003年9月，他面臨著與穆沙拉夫的證據，美國中央情報局收集的關於汗的行動和作出的明確表示，他預計年底其業務和逮捕汗。
The following January and early February, Khan’s house arrest, public confession of guilt and pardon by Musharraf was accompanied by an extraordinary series of statements by high-ranking Bush administration officials exonerating Musharraf and the military of any involvement in Khan’s activities.下面的1月和2月初，汗的軟禁，公共招供認罪，並赦免穆沙拉夫是伴隨著不平凡的一系列聲明是由高級將領，布什政府的官員免除穆沙拉夫和軍隊的任何參與在汗的活動。
That whole scenario had been “carefully orchestrated with Musharraf”, Larry Wilkerson, then a State Department official but later Colin Powell’s chief of staff, told IPS in an interview last year.整個情況已“仔細策劃與穆沙拉夫” ，拉里威爾克森，那麼，美國國務院官員，但後來鮑威爾的參謀總長，告訴IPS在接受記者採訪時去年。 The deal that had been made did not require Musharraf to allow US officials to interrogate Khan.該交易已取得並不需要穆沙拉夫，讓美國官員訊問汗。
But the Bush administration apparently conveyed to the Pakistani military after that episode that it now expected the Musharraf regime to deliver high-ranking al Qaeda officials — and to do so at a particularly advantageous moment for the administration.但布什政府顯然轉達了巴基斯坦軍隊後，插曲，它現在預期穆沙拉夫政權提供高級蓋達組織的官員-這樣做在一個特別有利的時刻，政府當局。 The New Republic magazine reported Jul. 15, 2004 that a White House aide had told the visiting head of ISI, Ehsan ul-Haq, that “it would be best if the arrest or killing of any HVT [high value target] were announced on 26, 27 or 28 July.” Those were the last three days of the Democratic National Convention.新共和雜誌報導， 2004年7月15日說，白宮曾告訴來訪的元首三軍情報局，本文作者Ehsan UL認證-哈克， “這將是最好的，如果被逮捕或殺害任何hvt [高價值目標]宣布， 26日， 27日或7月28日。 “這些都是過去3天的民主黨全國代表大會。
The military source added, “If we don’t find these guys by the election, they are going to stick the whole nuclear mess up our a**hole.”軍事消息來源說， “如果我們沒有找到這些傢伙由選舉，他們要堅持整個核一塌糊塗了我們一**洞” 。
Just hours before Democratic candidate John Kerry’s acceptance speech, Pakistan announced the capture of an alleged al Qaeda leader.前幾個小時，民主黨候選人克里接受提名的演講中，巴基斯坦宣布逮捕一名涉嫌基地組織領導人。
Meanwhile, Musharraf was making a political pact with a five-party Islamic alliance in 2004 to ensure victory in state elections in the two border provinces where Islamic extremist influence was strongest.與此同時，穆沙拉夫作出了政治協議，五年黨的伊斯蘭聯盟在2004年，以確保勝利，在州選舉中在這兩個邊境省份的地方伊斯蘭極端主義的影響是實力最強。 This explicit political accommodation, followed by a military withdrawal from South Waziristan, gave the pro-Taliban forces allied with al Qaeda in the region a free hand to recruit and train militants for war in Afghanistan.這個明確的政治住宿，其次是軍事撤離南瓦濟里斯坦，給親塔利班勢力的盟軍與蓋達組織在該地區的一個自由，一方面招募和訓練武裝人員，為在阿富汗戰爭。
Yet another deal with the Islamic extremists in 2006 strengthened the pro-Taliban forces even further.又一處理與伊斯蘭極端分子在2006年加強了親塔利班的勢力，甚至進一步。
But Bush chose to reward Musharraf by designating Pakistan a “Major Non-NATO Ally” in 2004 and by agreeing to sell the Pakistani Air Force 36 advanced F-16 fighter planes.但布什選擇的回報，穆沙拉夫指定巴基斯坦的“主要非北約盟國”在2004年同意出售巴基斯坦空軍36條先進的F - 16戰鬥機。 Prior to that, Pakistan had been denied US military technology for a decade.此前，巴基斯坦已經否認美國的軍事技術，為10年。
In July 2007, a National Intelligence Estimate concluded that al Qaeda’s new “safe haven” was in Pakistan’s tribal areas and that the terrorist organisation had reconstituted its “homeland attack capability” there.在2007年7月，國家情報評估得出結論認為，蓋達組織的新的“安全避難所”是在巴基斯坦的部落地區，並指出，恐怖組織已重組其“國土攻擊能力” 。 That estimate ended the fiction that the Musharraf regime was firmly committed to combating al Qaeda in Pakistan.這個估計數，結束了小說穆沙拉夫政權被堅定地致力於打擊基地組織在巴基斯坦。
Had the Bush administration accurately portrayed Musharraf’s policies rather than hiding them, it would not have avoided the al Qaeda safe haven there.曾布什政府準確地描繪穆沙拉夫的政策，而不是藏匿他們，便不會迴避了蓋達組織的安全避難所。 But it would have facilitated a more realistic debate about the real options available for US policy.但它有利於更切合實際的辯論，真正可供選擇美國的政策。
*Gareth Porter is an investigative historian and journalist specialising in US national security policy. *加雷思波特是一個調查的歷史學家和記者，專門在美國的國家安全政策。 The paperback edition of his latest book, “Perils of Dominance: Imbalance of Power and the Road to War in Vietnam”, was published in 2006.平裝版的他的最新著作， “危險的優勢：權力不平衡和道路在越南戰爭” ，這是2006年出版。
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