Michael Nenonen邁克爾nenonen
Republic of East Vancouver 共和國東溫哥華

The signs are all there for anyone to see, and time is getting short for action 各種跡象都在那裡，任何人看到，時間愈來愈緊迫，為行動

Reading Naomi Wolf’s The End of America: Letter of Warning to a Young Patriot (Chelsea Green Publishing, 2007), I realized the hour is later than I thought.讀納奧米狼的結束，美利堅合眾國：信中警告，一個年輕愛國者 （切爾西綠色出版， 2007年） ，我意識到小時，是比我晚深思。

Many of us have watched the Bush regime’s actions with a growing feeling of horror intertwined with a sense that somehow we’ve seen all of this before, but we aren’t sure where.我們很多人都觀看了布什政權的行動越來越感到恐怖的相互交織在一起的感覺是，在某種程度上，我們已經看到這一切，然後，但我們不知道在何方。 We’re confused because what we’re seeing conflicts with unexamined and deeply held assumptions we have about American freedom.我們感到困惑，因為我們所看到的衝突與unexamined和根深蒂固的假設，我們所擁有的關於美洲自由。 Wolf’s short but meticulously documented book shows that what is happening in America has indeed happened many times before, not in the United States, but rather in places like Chile, Italy, Russia, and Germany.狼的時間雖短，卻精心書中記載表明，發生什麼事，在美國，確實發生過很多次，而不是在美國，而是在地方，例如智利，意大利，俄羅斯和德國。 In each case, people couldn’t understand why they didn’t recognize where they were heading before they passed the point of no return.在每種情況下，人們無法理解為什麼他們不承認他們的標題，然後通過點不歸路。

It’s shifting fast 它的快速移

Wolf argues that the United States is undergoing a “fascist shift” from an authoritarian but still relatively open society to a totalitarian society.沃爾夫認為，美國正經歷一個"法西斯轉移" ，由一個獨裁，但仍相對開放的社會，以一個極權社會。 The techniques for forcing this shift have evolved over the last century and are now studied by aspiring tyrants the world over.該技術迫使這一轉變已演變在過去的一個世紀，並正研究有志霸世界各地。 These methods are even part of the formal curriculum in places like the Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation, previously known as the School of the Americas, in Fort Benning, Georgia, where thousands of Latin Americans have been trained by the United States government in the most savage techniques of insurgency and counterinsurgency.這些方法，甚至有部分的正規課程，在這些地方包括西半球安全問題研究所合作，以前稱為作為美洲學校， 36歲的北寧，格魯吉亞，那裡成千上萬的拉美裔，也得到了鍛煉，是由美國政府在最野蠻技術叛亂和反叛亂。 Fascists use ten basic strategies to shut down open societies.法西斯使用十個基本戰略，以關閉開放式的社會。 They invoke an external and internal threat in order to convince the population to grant their rulers extraordinary powers.他們引用了一個外部和內部威脅，以說服民眾給予他們的統治者不平凡的權力。 They establish secret prisons that practice torture, prisons that are initially few in number and only incarcerate social pariahs, but that quickly multiply and soon imprison “opposition leaders, outspoken clergy, union leaders, well-known performers, publishers, and journalists.” They develop a paramilitary force that operates without legal restraint.他們建立秘密監獄的這種做法，酷刑，監獄表示，最初數量很少，只有該抓的抓，社會賤民，但很快繁殖，並盡快下獄的"反對派領袖，敢言的神職人員，工會領袖，知名演員，出版商，記者， "他們制定一個準軍事部隊的運作也不受法律約束。 They set up a system of intense domestic surveillance that gathers information for the purposes of intimidating and blackmailing citizens.他們成立了系統的激烈的國內監控蒐集資料為目的的恐嚇和勒索公民。 They infiltrate, monitor, and disorganize citizens’ groups.他們滲透，監控，並disorganize公民團體。 They arbitrarily detain and release citizens, especially at borders.他們任意拘押和釋放的公民，特別是在邊境地區。 They target key individuals like civil servants, academics, and artists in order to ensure their complicity or silence.他們的目標放在關鍵的個人喜歡公務員，學者和藝術家，以確保他們的同謀或沉默。 They take control of the press.他們採取控制的新聞界。 They publicly equate dissent with treason.她們公開等同異議叛國罪。 Finally, they suspend the rule of law.最後，他們宣布暫停法治。 All of these strategies are being employed in America today.所有這些策略，都是被僱用，在美國今天。

Consider the evidence 審議證據

The Bush administration and its supporters have consistently portrayed the security threat posed by international terrorists as a threat to the very survival of Western civilization in order to justify permanent war and to keep the American public in a state of panic and paranoia.布什政府及其支持者一直在描寫安全構成的威脅，國際恐怖分子視為威脅到生存的是西方文明為了證明永久性戰爭，並隨時向美國民眾在一個國家的恐慌和妄想症。

The prisons at Guantanamo and God-knows how many CIA “Black Sites” torture their inmates, even though human rights organizations have demonstrated that the majority of at least Guantanamo’s inmates are innocent victims of mass arrests.該監獄在關塔那摩和神不知有多少中情局"黑點"折磨犯人，儘管人權組織已表明大多數人的，至少在關塔那摩的囚犯是無辜受害者的大規模逮捕。 The inmates are designated as “enemy combatants” who have no rights under international or American law.犯人被指定為"敵方戰鬥人員"的人都沒有權利，根據國際或美國法律。 And there is nothing stopping American presidents from filling these prisons with American citizens.有沒有什麼事情能阻止美國總統，從擔任這些監獄的美國公民。 In an April 24 2007 article for the Huffington Post, Wolf writes that thanks to the Military Commissions Act of 2006, “the president has the power to call any US citizen an ‘enemy combatant’.在2007年4月24日文章，為huffington後，沃爾夫寫道：多虧了軍事委員會的法令， 2006年， "總統有權傳召任何美國公民'敵方戰鬥人員' 。 He has the power to define what ‘enemy combatant’ means.他有權界定什麼是'敵方戰鬥人員'的手段。 The president can also delegate to anyone he chooses in the executive branch the right to define ‘enemy combatant’ any way he or she wants and then seize Americans accordingly.總統也可以轉授給任何人，他選擇了在行政部門有權確定'敵方戰鬥人員'以任何方式，他或她，然後想抓住美國人。 Even if you or I are American citizens, even if we turn out to be completely innocent of what he has accused us of doing, he has the power to have us seized as we are changing planes at Newark tomorrow, or have us taken with a knock on the door; ship you or me to a navy brig; and keep you or me in isolation, possibly for months, while awaiting trial.” She points out that while currently Americans in such situations will be spared any torture except psychosis-inducing isolation and can look forward to eventual trials, these rights typically evaporate in the final stages of a fascist shift.即使你或我是美國公民，即使我們把列，將完全無辜的，他所指責我們做的，他有權有我們扣押的，我們正在改變飛機在紐瓦克明天，或有我們採取的一個叩門;艦你或我海軍準將，以及讓你或我，孤立地看，可能是幾個月，而等待審判" ，她指出，雖然目前美國人在這種情況下，將不惜任何酷刑除性精神病誘導孤立和可以期待的最終審判，這些權利通常成泡影，最後階段的法西斯化轉變。

They’re called “mercenaries” 他們所謂的"僱傭軍"

Military contractors are the regime’s paramilitary force.軍事承包商是政權的準軍事部隊。 Blackwater’s mercenaries, many of whom were trained by Latin America’s most horrific police states, have operated in Iraq outside of Iraqi, American, and military law, and have murdered uncounted innocent Iraqis with impunity.黑水的僱傭軍，其中許多是受過訓練的是拉丁美洲的最可怕的警察國家，在伊拉克境外的伊拉克，美，軍事法，並已殺害了不計其數的無辜伊拉克人，而不受懲罰。 Domestically, Blackwater was contracted to provide hundreds of armed security guards in the wake of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans, and there’s evidence that they fired on civilians.從國內看，黑水簽訂合同，以提供數以百計的武裝警衛在經歷了颶風卡特里娜在新奧爾良，有證據表明，他們開槍射擊平民。 Blackwater’s business plan calls for their use in future disasters and emergencies throughout the United States, and it’s supported by some of the biggest powerbrokers in America.黑水的商業計劃要求，他們利用在未來的災害和突發事件在美國各地，它的支持，一些最大的powerbrokers在美國。

American intelligence agencies are now bypassing court orders to wiretap citizens’ telephones, spy on their e-mails, and monitor their financial transactions, and the USA Patriot Act forces corporations, booksellers, librarians, and doctors to turn over previously confidential information about Americans to the state.美國情報機構現在都繞開法院的命令，以竊聽公民電話，窺視他們的電子郵件，並監督其金融交易，以及美國愛國者法勢力的公司，書店，圖書館員，醫生把以前的機密信息美國人國家。

Thousands of human rights, environmental, anti-war, and other citizens’ groups have been infiltrated by government agents, many of whom have clearly acted as agent provocateurs in order to undermine the groups’ solidarity and to legitimize police actions against them.數以千計的人權，環境，反戰爭，和其他民間團體已滲入政府機構，其中許多人都清楚地充當代理人的挑釁者，以破壞團體團結和合法化警方行動對付他們。

Political opponents listed 政治反對派上市

America’s Transportation Security Administration maintains a terrorist watch list of tens of thousands of Americans who are now subjected to security searches and arbitrary detention at airports.美國運輸安全管理局保持恐怖分子觀察名單上的成千上萬的美國人正受到安全搜查和任意拘留在機場。 The list includes people like Democratic Senator Edward Kennedy and respected constitutional scholar Walter F Murphy.這份名單包括人喜歡民主黨參議員愛德華肯尼迪和尊重憲政學者沃爾特f墨菲。

US Attorneys, CIA agents, military lawyers, and other civil servants who’ve disagreed with the Bush administration have been threatened and fired.美國律師，美國中央情報局的特工，軍隊律師，以及其他公務員，已經同意與布什政府已經受到了威脅，並發射。 David Horowitz and his colleagues have mounted a well-funded nation-wide intimidation campaign that has university students spying on their professors and that has successfully coerced regents at State Universities to discipline or fire left-leaning professors like Ward Churchill.朱賀樂維茲和他的同事們曾經採取資金充足的全國范圍的恐嚇運動，有大學生，刺探他們的教授，並已成功地脅迫科羅拉多州大學的紀律處分或消防左傾教授一樣，沃德邱吉爾。 The regime’s supporters have organized campaigns to damage the careers of artists like the Dixie Chicks for criticism of the president and his policies.該政權的支持者已經組織運動損傷的職業藝術家一樣迪克西小雞為批評總統和他的政策。

The administration has Fox News in its pocket, it has paid journalists for positive coverage, it has disseminated misinformation through the media, and it’s ferociously attacking critical journalists.政府當局已福克斯新聞在其口袋，它付出了記者正面報導，它已散發誤報通過新聞媒體，它的攻擊提出強烈的批判記者。 Arrests of US journalists are at an all-time high.逮捕的美國記者正處於一個全方位的新高。 The Bush administration’s outing of CIA operative Valerie Plame was done in retaliation against her husband, Joseph Wilson, whose New York Times op-ed piece exposed lies that the Bush administration used to lead the nation to war.布什政府的郊遊中央情報局帕拉米是在報復她的丈夫約瑟夫威爾遜，其紐約時報專欄版作品揭露謊言說，布什政府用來帶領民族戰爭。 Worse than this, independent journalists appear to be marked for death by American forces in Iraq.不如對此，獨立記者似乎被標記為死刑的美國軍隊在伊拉克。 In her Huffington Post article, Wolf writes, “The Committee to Protect Journalists has documented multiple accounts of the US military in Iraq firing upon or threatening to fire upon unembedded (meaning independent) reporters and camera operators from organisations ranging from al-Jazeera to the BBC.在她huffington條後，沃爾夫寫道， "保護記者委員會記錄了多個賬戶的美軍在伊拉克發射後，或者威脅到火災後， unembedded （指獨立）的記者和攝像機操作，從機構，從半島電視台到BBC的。 . 。 . 。 . 。 In some cases reporters have been wounded or killed, including ITN’s Terry Lloyd in 2003.在某些情況下，記者被打傷或打死，其中包括ITN電視台的特里勞埃德在2003年。 Both CBS and the Associated Press in Iraq had staff members seized by the US military and taken to violent prisons; the news organisations were unable to see the evidence against their staffers.” The goal of these tactics, as she writes in The End of America, is to create “a new reality in which the truth can no longer be ascertained and no longer counts.”無論美國哥倫比亞廣播公司和美聯社等媒體在伊拉克的工作人員共檢獲由美國軍方和採取暴力監獄;新聞機構均看不到證據，對他們的員工" ，目的是這些戰術，因為她在去年底美國，就是要創造"一種新的現實中的真相不能再待確定，不再算數的" 。

Dissent = treason 異議=叛國

In recent years, prominent Republicans like Ann Coulter, Melanie Morgan, and William Kristol have accused liberal journalists of treason and espionage for publishing leaked material damaging to the administration, and in February 2007, Republican Congressman Don Young said “Congressmen who wilfully take actions during wartime that damage morale and undermine the military are sabateurs, and should be hanged.” This would be amusing, were it not for the Bush administration’s revival of the draconian 1917 Espionage Act after half a century’s slumber.近年來，著名共和黨人如人工神經網絡Coulter在，梅蘭妮摩根，和威廉克里斯托爾曾指責自由新聞記者叛國和間諜活動，為出版洩漏物質損害到政府，並於2007年2月，共和黨眾議員唐揚說： "國會議員故意採取行動，在戰時表示，損害士氣和削弱軍隊的是sabateurs ，並應處以絞刑" ，這將是有趣，如果不是因為布什政府的復興惡法1917年的間諜行為，經過半個世紀的沉睡。

And finally, the Bush administration shows contempt for the law.最後，布什政府蔑視法律。 In The End of America, Wolf writes that Bush has used more signing statements than any previous president, and by doing so has relegated “Congress to an advisory role.在去年底美洲，狼寫道，布什已使用了更多的簽字聲明比以前任何一個總統，並通過這樣做已經降級， "國會的一個諮詢的角色。 This abuse lets the President choose what laws he wishes to enforce or not, overruling Congress and the people.這種濫用，讓總統選擇什麼法律，他的意願，以執行與否，推翻國會和人民的重托。 So Americans are living under laws their representatives never passed.所以，美國人的生活規律及其代表從來沒有通過。 Signing statements put the president above the law.” He has also gutted the Posse Comitatus Act, which was created to prevent the president from maintaining a standing army for use against American citizens.簽署聲明，把總統凌駕於法律之上" ，他還燒毀了波塞comitatus法，是為了防止總統從保持常備軍是用來對付美國公民。 Wolf writes that the 2007 Defence Authorization Bill lets the president “expand his power to declare martial law and take charge of the National Guard troops without the permission of the governor when ‘public order’ has been lost; he can send these troops out into our streets at his direction—overriding local law enforcement authorities—during a national disaster, epidemic, serious public health emergency, terrorist attack, or ‘other condition.’” On its own, this is an incredible expansion of presidential power, but when combined with the use of military contractors like Blackwater it gives the president almost dictatorial authority.沃爾夫寫道， 2007年的國防授權法案允許總統" ，擴大他的權力，宣布戒嚴，並採取收費的國民警衛隊士兵在未經允許的總督時， '公安'已失去了，他可以把這些部隊進入我國街道，在他的方向壓倒一切地方執法當局，在國家災害，疫情，嚴重公共衛生突發事件，恐怖襲擊，或者說'其他條件' "對自己的，這是一個難以置信的擴張總統權力，但一旦結合使用軍事承包商想黑水它賦予總統幾乎獨裁權力。

Wolf shows that fascist shifts don’t happen overnight, but rather over a course of years during which the fascists’ plans unfold at an accelerating pace.狼表明法西斯輪班做不是一朝一夕的事，而是一個過程，期間法西斯的計劃，開展在加快。 Germany in 1933 was further along this path than it was in 1931, and Germany in 1935 was farther along than it was in 1933.德國在1933年得到進一步沿著這條道路，比它在1931年，德國於1935年，是遠超過它是在1933年。 Similarly, America in 2007 is farther along the path than it was in 2005, or will be in 2009, provided that a massive pro-democracy movement, complete with impeachment proceedings, doesn’t reverse the shift while there’s still time.同樣地，美國在2007年，是遠沿徑比，它是在2005年，或將在2009年提供了一個龐大的民運，完成與彈劾程序，不逆向轉變，而有的還有時間。 A simple Democratic victory in the 2008 presidential election won’t do the job unless the institutional and legal environment created by the Bush administration is thoroughly dismantled.一個簡單的民主勝利，在2008年總統大選不會做工作，除非體制和法律環境造成的，布什政府正在徹底拆除。 Regardless of whether the next president is a Republican or a Democrat, he or she will inherit a legacy of centralized power that a democracy simply can’t tolerate.不管下一任總統是共和黨人還是民主黨人，但他或她將繼承的遺產，集中力量，一個民主國家，根本無法容忍的。

Left behind 留下

Unfortunately, during the shift opposition politicians and activists still tend to perceive the world through a democratic frame of reference, and this prevents them from seeing that their opponents are no longer operating within this frame.不幸的是，在轉向反對派政治家和活動家們仍然傾向於感知世界，通過一個民主的參照系，而這妨礙了他們看到他們的對手不再是經營在這一框架內。 As the opposition is tying its boxing gloves, the fascists are breaking out the machetes.作為在野黨，是綁在其拳擊手套，法西斯，都是打破了大砍刀。

Wolf’s work has its problems.狼的工作，也有它的問題。 She doesn’t acknowledge that Black and Indigenous Americans have long lived under quasi-fascist rule, she doesn’t examine the role that previous administrations have played in setting the stage for the Bush regime, and she doesn’t acknowledge the roles played by corporatism, widespread social dislocation and the radical Christian right in the rise of a fascist American zeitgeist.她不承認黑人和土著美國人已長期生活在準法西斯統治，她不審查的作用，以往的歷屆政府都發揮在設定階段，為布什政權的，她不承認所扮演的角色統合主義，廣泛與社會脫節，和激進的基督教右翼在崛起的法西斯美國時代精神。 Despite this, The End of America needs to be read by as many people as possible.即使如此，去年底美國需要閱讀盡可能多的人。

Wolf writes about America, but Canadians don’t have any cause for comfort.狼寫的關於美國的，但加拿大人也沒有任何令人安慰。 Canadian and American military forces are already deeply enmeshed.在加拿大和美國的軍隊都已經深深地陷入了。 Thanks to NAFTA, we’re tied at the hip to the American economy, while the Security and Prosperity Partnership is integrating our countries’ security forces and harmonizing our no-fly lists.由於北美自由貿易協定，我們正在捆綁於髖關節，以美國的經濟，而安全與繁榮的夥伴關係，是融合了我們國家的安全部隊，並協調我們沒有禁飛名單。 The Harper government is eager to kowtow to the Americans, even to the point of refusing to advocate for Canadian citizens on American death rows.在哈珀政府有意叩頭，向美國人，甚至到了一點，拒絕倡導加拿大公民在美國逝世行。 The powerful think tanks and lobbying groups that influence our provincial and federal governments, such as the Fraser Institute and the Canadian Council of Chief Executives, either can’t see the shift for what it is or they don’t care.強大的智囊機構和遊說團體認為，影響著我們的省級政府和聯邦政府，如費沙爾學會和加拿大議會的行政首長，要么不能看到轉向為的是什麼，或他們不關心。 More than all of this, however, is the simple reality that once the shift is complete, the American government will act even more irrationally and belligerently than before.以上這一切，然而，這是簡單的事實，一旦轉變完成後，美國政府將採取行動，更不理性和belligerently比以前。 Canada has resources like oil and water the United States is going to need, and the Canadian border is less defensible than the French border was in 1940.加拿大有資源，如油，水，美國將需要與加拿大邊界不足情有可原，比法國邊境，是在1940年。

Americans and Canadians have to fight back more fiercely than ever before, to organize and lobby and fill the streets with mass protests, to raise awareness and forge alliances with anyone opposed to totalitarianism regardless of whether they’re liberals, socialists, or conservatives.美國人和加拿大人反擊更加猛烈，比以往任何時候都舉辦，並進行遊說，並填寫街頭群眾抗議活動，以提高認識，並結成聯盟，與任何人反對極權主義而不論他們是否正在自由主義者，社會主義者，還是保守派。 We have to take all the steps that have rescued dying democracies in the past, and to take them immediately, in the desperate hope that it isn’t already too late.我們已採取一切步驟，有救出垂死民主國家，在過去的情況，並採取立即，在絕望的希望這是不是為時已晚。

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