Michael Nenonen迈克尔nenonen
Republic of East Vancouver 共和国东温哥华

The signs are all there for anyone to see, and time is getting short for action 各种迹象都在那里，任何人看到，时间愈来愈紧迫，为行动

Reading Naomi Wolf’s The End of America: Letter of Warning to a Young Patriot (Chelsea Green Publishing, 2007), I realized the hour is later than I thought.读纳奥米狼的结束，美利坚合众国：信中警告，一个年轻爱国者 （切尔西绿色出版， 2007年） ，我意识到小时，是比我晚深思。

Many of us have watched the Bush regime’s actions with a growing feeling of horror intertwined with a sense that somehow we’ve seen all of this before, but we aren’t sure where.我们很多人都观看了布什政权的行动越来越感到恐怖的相互交织在一起的感觉是，在某种程度上，我们已经看到这一切，然后，但我们不知道在何方。 We’re confused because what we’re seeing conflicts with unexamined and deeply held assumptions we have about American freedom.我们感到困惑，因为我们所看到的冲突与unexamined和根深蒂固的假设，我们所拥有的关于美洲自由。 Wolf’s short but meticulously documented book shows that what is happening in America has indeed happened many times before, not in the United States, but rather in places like Chile, Italy, Russia, and Germany.狼的时间虽短，却精心书中记载表明，发生什么事，在美国，确实发生过很多次，而不是在美国，而是在地方，例如智利，意大利，俄罗斯和德国。 In each case, people couldn’t understand why they didn’t recognize where they were heading before they passed the point of no return.在每种情况下，人们无法理解为什么他们不承认他们的标题，然后通过点不归路。

It’s shifting fast 它的快速移

Wolf argues that the United States is undergoing a “fascist shift” from an authoritarian but still relatively open society to a totalitarian society.沃尔夫认为，美国正经历一个"法西斯转移" ，由一个独裁，但仍相对开放的社会，以一个极权社会。 The techniques for forcing this shift have evolved over the last century and are now studied by aspiring tyrants the world over.该技术迫使这一转变已演变在过去的一个世纪，并正研究有志霸世界各地。 These methods are even part of the formal curriculum in places like the Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation, previously known as the School of the Americas, in Fort Benning, Georgia, where thousands of Latin Americans have been trained by the United States government in the most savage techniques of insurgency and counterinsurgency.这些方法，甚至有部分的正规课程，在这些地方包括西半球安全问题研究所合作，以前称为作为美洲学校， 36岁的北宁，格鲁吉亚，那里成千上万的拉美裔，也得到了锻炼，是由美国政府在最野蛮技术叛乱和反叛乱。 Fascists use ten basic strategies to shut down open societies.法西斯使用十个基本战略，以关闭开放式的社会。 They invoke an external and internal threat in order to convince the population to grant their rulers extraordinary powers.他们引用了一个外部和内部威胁，以说服民众给予他们的统治者不平凡的权力。 They establish secret prisons that practice torture, prisons that are initially few in number and only incarcerate social pariahs, but that quickly multiply and soon imprison “opposition leaders, outspoken clergy, union leaders, well-known performers, publishers, and journalists.” They develop a paramilitary force that operates without legal restraint.他们建立秘密监狱的这种做法，酷刑，监狱表示，最初数量很少，只有该抓的抓，社会贱民，但很快繁殖，并尽快下狱的"反对派领袖，敢言的神职人员，工会领袖，知名演员，出版商，记者， "他们制定一个准军事部队的运作也不受法律约束。 They set up a system of intense domestic surveillance that gathers information for the purposes of intimidating and blackmailing citizens.他们成立了系统的激烈的国内监控搜集资料为目的的恐吓和勒索公民。 They infiltrate, monitor, and disorganize citizens’ groups.他们渗透，监控，并disorganize公民团体。 They arbitrarily detain and release citizens, especially at borders.他们任意拘押和释放的公民，特别是在边境地区。 They target key individuals like civil servants, academics, and artists in order to ensure their complicity or silence.他们的目标放在关键的个人喜欢公务员，学者和艺术家，以确保他们的同谋或沉默。 They take control of the press.他们采取控制的新闻界。 They publicly equate dissent with treason.她们公开等同异议叛国罪。 Finally, they suspend the rule of law.最后，他们宣布暂停法治。 All of these strategies are being employed in America today.所有这些策略，都是被雇用，在美国今天。

Consider the evidence 审议证据

The Bush administration and its supporters have consistently portrayed the security threat posed by international terrorists as a threat to the very survival of Western civilization in order to justify permanent war and to keep the American public in a state of panic and paranoia.布什政府及其支持者一直在描写安全构成的威胁，国际恐怖分子视为威胁到生存的是西方文明为了证明永久性战争，并随时向美国民众在一个国家的恐慌和妄想症。

The prisons at Guantanamo and God-knows how many CIA “Black Sites” torture their inmates, even though human rights organizations have demonstrated that the majority of at least Guantanamo’s inmates are innocent victims of mass arrests.该监狱在关塔那摩和神不知有多少中情局"黑点"折磨犯人，尽管人权组织已表明大多数人的，至少在关塔那摩的囚犯是无辜受害者的大规模逮捕。 The inmates are designated as “enemy combatants” who have no rights under international or American law.犯人被指定为"敌方战斗人员"的人都没有权利，根据国际或美国法律。 And there is nothing stopping American presidents from filling these prisons with American citizens.有没有什么事情能阻止美国总统，从担任这些监狱的美国公民。 In an April 24 2007 article for the Huffington Post, Wolf writes that thanks to the Military Commissions Act of 2006, “the president has the power to call any US citizen an ‘enemy combatant’.在2007年4月24日文章，为huffington后，沃尔夫写道：多亏了军事委员会的法令， 2006年， "总统有权传召任何美国公民'敌方战斗人员' 。 He has the power to define what ‘enemy combatant’ means.他有权界定什么是'敌方战斗人员'的手段。 The president can also delegate to anyone he chooses in the executive branch the right to define ‘enemy combatant’ any way he or she wants and then seize Americans accordingly.总统也可以转授给任何人，他选择了在行政部门有权确定'敌方战斗人员'以任何方式，他或她，然后想抓住美国人。 Even if you or I are American citizens, even if we turn out to be completely innocent of what he has accused us of doing, he has the power to have us seized as we are changing planes at Newark tomorrow, or have us taken with a knock on the door; ship you or me to a navy brig; and keep you or me in isolation, possibly for months, while awaiting trial.” She points out that while currently Americans in such situations will be spared any torture except psychosis-inducing isolation and can look forward to eventual trials, these rights typically evaporate in the final stages of a fascist shift.即使你或我是美国公民，即使我们把列，将完全无辜的，他所指责我们做的，他有权有我们扣押的，我们正在改变飞机在纽瓦克明天，或有我们采取的一个叩门;舰你或我海军准将，以及让你或我，孤立地看，可能是几个月，而等待审判" ，她指出，虽然目前美国人在这种情况下，将不惜任何酷刑除性精神病诱导孤立和可以期待的最终审判，这些权利通常成泡影，最后阶段的法西斯化转变。

They’re called “mercenaries” 他们所谓的"雇佣军"

Military contractors are the regime’s paramilitary force.军事承包商是政权的准军事部队。 Blackwater’s mercenaries, many of whom were trained by Latin America’s most horrific police states, have operated in Iraq outside of Iraqi, American, and military law, and have murdered uncounted innocent Iraqis with impunity.黑水的雇佣军，其中许多是受过训练的是拉丁美洲的最可怕的警察国家，在伊拉克境外的伊拉克，美，军事法，并已杀害了不计其数的无辜伊拉克人，而不受惩罚。 Domestically, Blackwater was contracted to provide hundreds of armed security guards in the wake of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans, and there’s evidence that they fired on civilians.从国内看，黑水签订合同，以提供数以百计的武装警卫在经历了飓风卡特里娜在新奥尔良，有证据表明，他们开枪射击平民。 Blackwater’s business plan calls for their use in future disasters and emergencies throughout the United States, and it’s supported by some of the biggest powerbrokers in America.黑水的商业计划要求，他们利用在未来的灾害和突发事件在美国各地，它的支持，一些最大的powerbrokers在美国。

American intelligence agencies are now bypassing court orders to wiretap citizens’ telephones, spy on their e-mails, and monitor their financial transactions, and the USA Patriot Act forces corporations, booksellers, librarians, and doctors to turn over previously confidential information about Americans to the state.美国情报机构现在都绕开法院的命令，以窃听公民电话，窥视他们的电子邮件，并监督其金融交易，以及美国爱国者法势力的公司，书店，图书馆员，医生把以前的机密信息美国人国家。

Thousands of human rights, environmental, anti-war, and other citizens’ groups have been infiltrated by government agents, many of whom have clearly acted as agent provocateurs in order to undermine the groups’ solidarity and to legitimize police actions against them.数以千计的人权，环境，反战争，和其他民间团体已渗入政府机构，其中许多人都清楚地充当代理人的挑衅者，以破坏团体团结和合法化警方行动对付他们。

Political opponents listed 政治反对派上市

America’s Transportation Security Administration maintains a terrorist watch list of tens of thousands of Americans who are now subjected to security searches and arbitrary detention at airports.美国运输安全管理局保持恐怖分子观察名单上的成千上万的美国人正受到安全搜查和任意拘留在机场。 The list includes people like Democratic Senator Edward Kennedy and respected constitutional scholar Walter F Murphy.这份名单包括人喜欢民主党参议员爱德华肯尼迪和尊重宪政学者沃尔特f墨菲。

US Attorneys, CIA agents, military lawyers, and other civil servants who’ve disagreed with the Bush administration have been threatened and fired.美国律师，美国中央情报局的特工，军队律师，以及其他公务员，已经同意与布什政府已经受到了威胁，并发射。 David Horowitz and his colleagues have mounted a well-funded nation-wide intimidation campaign that has university students spying on their professors and that has successfully coerced regents at State Universities to discipline or fire left-leaning professors like Ward Churchill.朱贺乐维兹和他的同事们曾经采取资金充足的全国范围的恐吓运动，有大学生，刺探他们的教授，并已成功地胁迫科罗拉多州大学的纪律处分或消防左倾教授一样，沃德邱吉尔。 The regime’s supporters have organized campaigns to damage the careers of artists like the Dixie Chicks for criticism of the president and his policies.该政权的支持者已经组织运动损伤的职业艺术家一样迪克西小鸡为批评总统和他的政策。

The administration has Fox News in its pocket, it has paid journalists for positive coverage, it has disseminated misinformation through the media, and it’s ferociously attacking critical journalists.政府当局已福克斯新闻在其口袋，它付出了记者正面报道，它已散发误报通过新闻媒体，它的攻击提出强烈的批判记者。 Arrests of US journalists are at an all-time high.逮捕的美国记者正处于一个全方位的新高。 The Bush administration’s outing of CIA operative Valerie Plame was done in retaliation against her husband, Joseph Wilson, whose New York Times op-ed piece exposed lies that the Bush administration used to lead the nation to war.布什政府的郊游中央情报局帕拉米是在报复她的丈夫约瑟夫威尔逊，其纽约时报专栏版作品揭露谎言说，布什政府用来带领民族战争。 Worse than this, independent journalists appear to be marked for death by American forces in Iraq.不如对此，独立记者似乎被标记为死刑的美国军队在伊拉克。 In her Huffington Post article, Wolf writes, “The Committee to Protect Journalists has documented multiple accounts of the US military in Iraq firing upon or threatening to fire upon unembedded (meaning independent) reporters and camera operators from organisations ranging from al-Jazeera to the BBC.在她huffington条后，沃尔夫写道， "保护记者委员会记录了多个账户的美军在伊拉克发射后，或者威胁到火灾后， unembedded （指独立）的记者和摄像机操作，从机构，从半岛电视台到BBC的。 . 。 . 。 . 。 In some cases reporters have been wounded or killed, including ITN’s Terry Lloyd in 2003.在某些情况下，记者被打伤或打死，其中包括ITN电视台的特里劳埃德在2003年。 Both CBS and the Associated Press in Iraq had staff members seized by the US military and taken to violent prisons; the news organisations were unable to see the evidence against their staffers.” The goal of these tactics, as she writes in The End of America, is to create “a new reality in which the truth can no longer be ascertained and no longer counts.”无论美国哥伦比亚广播公司和美联社等媒体在伊拉克的工作人员共检获由美国军方和采取暴力监狱;新闻机构均看不到证据，对他们的员工" ，目的是这些战术，因为她在去年底美国，就是要创造"一种新的现实中的真相不能再待确定，不再算数的" 。

Dissent = treason 异议=叛国

In recent years, prominent Republicans like Ann Coulter, Melanie Morgan, and William Kristol have accused liberal journalists of treason and espionage for publishing leaked material damaging to the administration, and in February 2007, Republican Congressman Don Young said “Congressmen who wilfully take actions during wartime that damage morale and undermine the military are sabateurs, and should be hanged.” This would be amusing, were it not for the Bush administration’s revival of the draconian 1917 Espionage Act after half a century’s slumber.近年来，著名共和党人如人工神经网络Coulter在，梅兰妮摩根，和威廉克里斯托尔曾指责自由新闻记者叛国和间谍活动，为出版泄漏物质损害到政府，并于2007年2月，共和党众议员唐扬说： "国会议员故意采取行动，在战时表示，损害士气和削弱军队的是sabateurs ，并应处以绞刑" ，这将是有趣，如果不是因为布什政府的复兴恶法1917年的间谍行为，经过半个世纪的沉睡。

And finally, the Bush administration shows contempt for the law.最后，布什政府蔑视法律。 In The End of America, Wolf writes that Bush has used more signing statements than any previous president, and by doing so has relegated “Congress to an advisory role.在去年底美洲，狼写道，布什已使用了更多的签字声明比以前任何一个总统，并通过这样做已经降级， "国会的一个咨询的角色。 This abuse lets the President choose what laws he wishes to enforce or not, overruling Congress and the people.这种滥用，让总统选择什么法律，他的意愿，以执行与否，推翻国会和人民的重托。 So Americans are living under laws their representatives never passed.所以，美国人的生活规律及其代表从来没有通过。 Signing statements put the president above the law.” He has also gutted the Posse Comitatus Act, which was created to prevent the president from maintaining a standing army for use against American citizens.签署声明，把总统凌驾于法律之上" ，他还烧毁了波塞comitatus法，是为了防止总统从保持常备军是用来对付美国公民。 Wolf writes that the 2007 Defence Authorization Bill lets the president “expand his power to declare martial law and take charge of the National Guard troops without the permission of the governor when ‘public order’ has been lost; he can send these troops out into our streets at his direction—overriding local law enforcement authorities—during a national disaster, epidemic, serious public health emergency, terrorist attack, or ‘other condition.’” On its own, this is an incredible expansion of presidential power, but when combined with the use of military contractors like Blackwater it gives the president almost dictatorial authority.沃尔夫写道， 2007年的国防授权法案允许总统" ，扩大他的权力，宣布戒严，并采取收费的国民警卫队士兵在未经允许的总督时， '公安'已失去了，他可以把这些部队进入我国街道，在他的方向压倒一切地方执法当局，在国家灾害，疫情，严重公共卫生突发事件，恐怖袭击，或者说'其他条件' "对自己的，这是一个难以置信的扩张总统权力，但一旦结合使用军事承包商想黑水它赋予总统几乎独裁权力。

Wolf shows that fascist shifts don’t happen overnight, but rather over a course of years during which the fascists’ plans unfold at an accelerating pace.狼表明法西斯轮班做不是一朝一夕的事，而是一个过程，期间法西斯的计划，开展在加快。 Germany in 1933 was further along this path than it was in 1931, and Germany in 1935 was farther along than it was in 1933.德国在1933年得到进一步沿着这条道路，比它在1931年，德国于1935年，是远超过它是在1933年。 Similarly, America in 2007 is farther along the path than it was in 2005, or will be in 2009, provided that a massive pro-democracy movement, complete with impeachment proceedings, doesn’t reverse the shift while there’s still time.同样地，美国在2007年，是远沿径比，它是在2005年，或将在2009年提供了一个庞大的民运，完成与弹劾程序，不逆向转变，而有的还有时间。 A simple Democratic victory in the 2008 presidential election won’t do the job unless the institutional and legal environment created by the Bush administration is thoroughly dismantled.一个简单的民主胜利，在2008年总统大选不会做工作，除非体制和法律环境造成的，布什政府正在彻底拆除。 Regardless of whether the next president is a Republican or a Democrat, he or she will inherit a legacy of centralized power that a democracy simply can’t tolerate.不管下一任总统是共和党人还是民主党人，但他或她将继承的遗产，集中力量，一个民主国家，根本无法容忍的。

Left behind 留下

Unfortunately, during the shift opposition politicians and activists still tend to perceive the world through a democratic frame of reference, and this prevents them from seeing that their opponents are no longer operating within this frame.不幸的是，在转向反对派政治家和活动家们仍然倾向于感知世界，通过一个民主的参照系，而这妨碍了他们看到他们的对手不再是经营在这一框架内。 As the opposition is tying its boxing gloves, the fascists are breaking out the machetes.作为在野党，是绑在其拳击手套，法西斯，都是打破了大砍刀。

Wolf’s work has its problems.狼的工作，也有它的问题。 She doesn’t acknowledge that Black and Indigenous Americans have long lived under quasi-fascist rule, she doesn’t examine the role that previous administrations have played in setting the stage for the Bush regime, and she doesn’t acknowledge the roles played by corporatism, widespread social dislocation and the radical Christian right in the rise of a fascist American zeitgeist.她不承认黑人和土著美国人已长期生活在准法西斯统治，她不审查的作用，以往的历届政府都发挥在设定阶段，为布什政权的，她不承认所扮演的角色统合主义，广泛与社会脱节，和激进的基督教右翼在崛起的法西斯美国时代精神。 Despite this, The End of America needs to be read by as many people as possible.即使如此，去年底美国需要阅读尽可能多的人。

Wolf writes about America, but Canadians don’t have any cause for comfort.狼写的关于美国的，但加拿大人也没有任何令人安慰。 Canadian and American military forces are already deeply enmeshed.在加拿大和美国的军队都已经深深地陷入了。 Thanks to NAFTA, we’re tied at the hip to the American economy, while the Security and Prosperity Partnership is integrating our countries’ security forces and harmonizing our no-fly lists.由于北美自由贸易协定，我们正在捆绑于髋关节，以美国的经济，而安全与繁荣的伙伴关系，是融合了我们国家的安全部队，并协调我们没有禁飞名单。 The Harper government is eager to kowtow to the Americans, even to the point of refusing to advocate for Canadian citizens on American death rows.在哈珀政府有意叩头，向美国人，甚至到了一点，拒绝倡导加拿大公民在美国逝世行。 The powerful think tanks and lobbying groups that influence our provincial and federal governments, such as the Fraser Institute and the Canadian Council of Chief Executives, either can’t see the shift for what it is or they don’t care.强大的智囊机构和游说团体认为，影响着我们的省级政府和联邦政府，如费沙尔学会和加拿大议会的行政首长，要么不能看到转向为的是什么，或他们不关心。 More than all of this, however, is the simple reality that once the shift is complete, the American government will act even more irrationally and belligerently than before.以上这一切，然而，这是简单的事实，一旦转变完成后，美国政府将采取行动，更不理性和belligerently比以前。 Canada has resources like oil and water the United States is going to need, and the Canadian border is less defensible than the French border was in 1940.加拿大有资源，如油，水，美国将需要与加拿大边界不足情有可原，比法国边境，是在1940年。

Americans and Canadians have to fight back more fiercely than ever before, to organize and lobby and fill the streets with mass protests, to raise awareness and forge alliances with anyone opposed to totalitarianism regardless of whether they’re liberals, socialists, or conservatives.美国人和加拿大人反击更加猛烈，比以往任何时候都举办，并进行游说，并填写街头群众抗议活动，以提高认识，并结成联盟，与任何人反对极权主义而不论他们是否正在自由主义者，社会主义者，还是保守派。 We have to take all the steps that have rescued dying democracies in the past, and to take them immediately, in the desperate hope that it isn’t already too late.我们已采取一切步骤，有救出垂死民主国家，在过去的情况，并采取立即，在绝望的希望这是不是为时已晚。

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