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Saturday, April 26th, 2008 週六， 2008年4月26日

By John Stauber and Sheldon Rampton - PR Watch |由約翰施托伊貝爾和謝爾頓rampton -公關觀賞|

David Barstow of the New York Times has written the first installment in what is already a stunning exposé of the Bush Administration’s most powerful propaganda weapon used to sell and manage the war on Iraq: the embedding of military propagandists directly into the TV networks as on-air commentators.戴維巴斯托的新紐約時報寫了第一分期付款在什麼已經是一個驚人的Exposé的對布什政府的最有力的宣傳武器，用來出售和管理對伊拉克的戰爭：嵌入軍事宣傳員直接進入電視網絡作為對空氣的評論。 We and others have long criticized the我們和其他人早就批評

widespread TV network practice of hiring former military officials to serve as analysts, but even in our most cynical moments we did not anticipate how bad it was.廣泛的電視網絡的做法，聘請前軍事官員充當分析師，但即使在我們最玩世不恭的時刻，我們沒有預料到如何壞，它是。 Barstow has painstakingly documented how these analysts, most of them military industry consultants and lobbyists, were directly chosen, managed, coordinated and given their talking points by the Pentagon’s ministers of propaganda.巴斯托已刻意記錄如何將這些分析家認為，他們大多是軍工顧問和遊說，直接選擇，管理，協調和給予他們的談話要點，由五角大樓的宣傳部長。

Thanks to the two-year investigation by the New York Times, we today know that Victoria Clarke, then the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs, launched the Pentagon military analyst program in early 2002.多虧了為期兩年的調查由紐約時報，今天，我們知道，維多利亞克拉克，然後助理秘書長，國防部負責公共事務的，發起了五角大樓的一位軍事分析家的計劃在2002年年初。 These supposedly independent military analysts were in fact a coordinated team of pro-war propagandists, personally recruited by Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, and acting under Clarke’s tutelage and development.這些假定獨立軍事分析家人，其實是一個協調小組，贊成戰爭的宣傳員，親自聘請的秘書，國防部長拉姆斯菲爾德，並根據克拉克的監護和發展。

One former participant, NBC military analyst Kenneth Allard, has called the effort “psyops on steroids.” As Barstow reports, “Internal Pentagon documents repeatedly refer to the military analysts as ‘message force multipliers’ or ’surrogates’ who could be counted on to deliver administration ‘themes and messages’ to millions of Americans ‘in the form of their own opinions.’ … Don Meyer, an aide to Ms. Clarke, said a strategic decision was made in 2002 to make the analysts the main focus of the public relations push to construct a case for war.”一前參與人，全國廣播公司軍事分析家丁阿拉德，有所謂的努力“ psyops對類固醇”巴斯托報導， “五角大樓的內部文件一再指以軍事分析家作為'信息武力乘數'或'代理人'誰可以指望，以提供政府'的主題和郵件'數以百萬計的美國人在的形式，自己的意見。 ' … …唐邁耶，一助手Clarke女士說，戰略決策，是在2002年所做的，使分析師的主要重點是市民關係推動興建一個案例戰爭“ 。

Clarke and her senior aide, Brent T. Krueger, eventually signed up more than 75 retired military officers who penned newspaper op/ed columns and appeared on television and radio news shows as military analysts.克拉克和她的高級助手月份交貨的北海布倫特湯匙，克魯格，最終簽署了超過75個退役軍官誰寫的報紙作品/教育署欄目和出現在電視和電台新聞節目作為軍事分析家。 The Pentagon held weekly meetings with the military analysts, which continued as of April 20, 2008, when the New York Times ran Barstow’s story.五角大樓舉行的每週一次的會議與軍事分析家，繼續截至2008年4月20日，當新的紐約時報然巴斯托的故事。 The program proved so successful that it was expanded to issues besides the Iraq War.該計劃證明非常成功，這是擴大的問題，除了伊拉克戰爭。 “Other branches of the “其他分行的

administration also began to make use of the analysts.政府也開始利用該分析師。 Mr. Gonzales, then the attorney general, met with them soon after news leaked that the government was wiretapping terrorism suspects in the United States without warrants, Pentagon records show.岡薩雷斯先生的話，總檢察長會面，與他們後不久，消息外洩時表示，政府竊聽恐怖嫌疑人在美國沒有逮捕證，五角大樓的記錄顯示。 When David H. Petraeus was appointed the commanding general in Iraq in January 2007, one of his early acts was to meet with the analysts.”當每小時大衛彼得雷烏斯被任命為指揮一般在伊拉克於2007年1月，他的一個早期的行為是符合分析師“ 。

Barstow spent two years digging, using the Freedom of Information Act and attorneys to force the Bush Administration to release some 8,000 pages of documents now under lock and key at the New York Times.巴斯托花了兩年時間挖掘，利用資訊自由法和律師，迫使布什政府釋放一些8000頁的文件目前正在鎖和關鍵在紐約時報。 This treasure trove should result in additional stories, giving them a sort of “Pentagon Papers” of Iraq war propaganda.這個寶庫的結果應該在更多的故事，給他們一種“五角大樓文件”伊拉克的戰爭宣傳。

In 1971, when the Times printed excerpts of the Pentagon Papers on its front page, it precipitated a constitutional showdown with the Nixon Administration over the deception and lies that sold the war in Vietnam.在1971年，當時代的印摘錄五角大樓文件在其頭版，它沉澱了憲法攤牌，尼克松政府在欺騙和謊言出賣了在越南的戰爭。 The Pentagon Papers issue dominated the news media back then.五角大樓文件問題為主的新聞媒體，然後回。 Today, however, Barstow’s stunning report is being ignored by the most important news media in America — TV news — the source where most Americans, unfortunately, get most of their information.但是，今天，巴斯托的驚人的報告是由被忽視，最重要的新聞媒體在美國-電視新聞-源的地方，大多數美國人，不幸的是，獲得他們的大部分信息。

Joseph Goebbels, eat your heart out.約瑟夫戈培爾，吃你的心。 Goebbels is history’s most notorious war propagandist, but even he could not have invented a smoother PR vehicle for selling and maintaining media and public support for a war: embed trusted “independent” military experts into the TV newsroom.戈培爾，是歷史上最臭名昭著的戰爭宣傳，但即使他不能發明了順暢的公關汽車銷售和維護傳媒和公眾的戰爭的支持：嵌入信任的“獨立”的軍事專家到電視新聞。 As with most propaganda, the key to the success of this effort was the element of concealment, as these analysts and the Bush administration hid the fact that their talking points and marching orders were coming directly from the Pentagon.與大多數的宣傳，成功的關鍵，這方面的努力是元素隱蔽，由於這些分析家和布什政府隱瞞事實，即他們的談話要點和行軍命令直接來自五角大樓。

The use of these analysts was a glaring violation of journalistic standards.使用這些分析師是一個明顯的違反了新聞的標準。 As the code of ethics of the Society of Professional Journalists explains, journalists are supposed to:作為道德守則的社會專業記者解釋，記者是為了：

* Avoid conflicts of interest, real or perceived. *避免利益衝突，真實的或感覺到的。

* Remain free of associations and activities that may compromise integrity or damage credibility. *保持自由的社團和活動，可能的妥協的完整性或損害的公信力。

* Refuse gifts, favors, fees, free travel and special treatment, and shun secondary employment, political involvement, *拒絕禮品，人情費，免費旅行和特殊待遇，和信中學和就業，政治參與，

public office and service in community organizations if they compromise journalistic integrity.公職人員和服務在社區組織，如果他們妥協新聞的完整性。

* Disclose unavoidable conflicts. *披露無可避免的衝突。

* Be vigilant and courageous about holding those with power accountable. *警惕和勇敢的約持有那些與權力的責任。

* Deny favored treatment to advertisers and special interests and resist their pressure to influence news coverage. *否認優惠待遇，以廣告客戶和特殊利益，抵制他們的壓力來影響新聞報導。

* Be wary of sources offering information for favors or money. *警惕的來源提供信息，為人情或金錢。

The networks using these analysts as journalists shamelessly failed to vet their experts and ignored the obvious conflicts of hiring a person with financial relationships to companies profiting from war to be an on-air analyst of war.網絡使用這些分析師作為記者無恥失敗審核他們的專家和忽視了明顯的衝突，僱用一個人與金融的關係，以公司的利潤從戰爭到一個對空分析師的戰爭。 They acted as if war was a football game and their military commentators were former coaches and players familiar with the rules and strategies.他們充當如果戰爭是一場足球比賽和他們的軍事評論家前教練和球員熟悉規則和戰略。 The TV networks even paid these “analysts” for their propaganda, enabling them to present themselves as “third party experts” while parroting White House talking points to sell the war.該電視網絡，即使支付了這些“分析師”為他們的宣傳，使他們能夠把自己作為“第三方專家” ，而parroting白宮的談話要點出售戰爭。

Now that Barstow has blown their cover, the TV networks have generally refused to comment about this matter.現在巴斯托已吹他們的封面，電視網絡，一般都拒絕評論這件事。 Further compounding their violations of the public trust, they are blacking out coverage of the New York Times exposé, no doubt on advice of their own PR and crisis management advisors.進一步複雜化，他們侵犯了公眾的信任，他們是發黑出來的覆蓋面，新紐約時報Exposé的，毫無疑問對的意見，他們自己的公關與危機管理顧問。

Since the 1920s there have been laws passed to stop the government from doing what Barstow has exposed.自1920年代以來有已通過的法律，以阻止政府做什麼巴斯托已暴露無遺。 It is actually illegal in the United States for the government to propagandize its own citizens.它實際上是非法在美國政府宣傳其自己的公民。 As Barstow’s report demonstrates, these laws have been repeatedly violated, are not enforced and are clearly inadequate.作為巴斯托的報告表明，這些法律已屢次違反，不執行，並顯然是不夠的。 The US Congress therefore needs to investigate this and the rest of the Bush propaganda campaign that sold the war in Iraq.美國國會的，因此需要調查這和其餘的宣傳運動，布什認為，出售在伊拉克的戰爭。

The attack and occupation of Iraq continues, with no end in sight.這次襲擊和對伊拉克的佔領仍在繼續，看不到盡頭。 Estimates of the number of Iraqi dead range from the hundreds of thousands to more than a million.人數的估計，伊拉克死亡的範圍從幾十萬到一百多萬。 The cost to American taxpayers will eventually be in the trillions of dollars.成本，以美國納稅人的，最終會被在該萬億美元。 More than 4,000 US soldiers have lost their lives, and this is just a part of the horrific toll of mental and physical disability that the war is taking on hundreds of thousands of troops and their families.超過4000名美軍士兵獻出了生命，這僅僅是一部分，可怕的收費精神和身體殘疾的戰爭正在對數以十萬計的部隊和他們的家人。

This war would never have been possible had the mainstream news media done its job.這場戰爭可能永遠都沒有可能了主流新聞媒體做了它的工作。 Instead, it has repeated the Big Lies that sold the war.相反，它一再大謊言出售的戰爭。 This war would never have been possible without the millions of dollars spent by the Bush Administration on sophisticated and deceptive public relations techniques such as the Pentagon military analyst program that David Barstow has exposed.這場戰爭絕不會已是不可能的數百萬美元的花費，布什政府對精密性和欺騙性公共關係技術，如五角大樓的一位軍事分析家的程序國寶巴斯托已暴露無遺。 It should come as no surprise to anyone that Victoria Clarke, who designed and oversaw this Pentagon propaganda machine, now works as a commentator for TV network news.它應是意料中向任何人說，維多利亞克拉克，是誰設計和監督，這五角大樓的宣傳機器，現在工程作為一個評論員電視網絡新聞。 She may have changed jobs and employers since leaving the Pentagon, but her work remains the same.她可能已經發生變化的職位和雇主以來離開五角大樓，但她的工作仍是相同的。

John Stauber is the Executive Director of the Center for Media and Democracy.約翰施托伊貝爾是執行中心主任，媒體和民主。

See More: 看到更多的： Propaganda 宣傳 USA News 美國新聞

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This entry was posted on Saturday, April 26th, 2008 at 5:31 am and is filed under 此項目被張貼在週六， 2008年4月26日在上午05時31分，並提交下 Media News 新聞 , ， Political News 政治新聞 , ， Breaking News 突發新聞 . 。 You can follow any responses to this entry through the 您可以按照任何的反應，此項目通過 RSS 2.0 2.0 feed. 餵養。 You can 您可以 leave a response 留下的回應 , or ，或 trackback Trackback跟踪 from your own site. 從你自己的網站。

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