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Saturday, April 26th, 2008 周六， 2008年4月26日

By John Stauber and Sheldon Rampton - PR Watch |由约翰施托伊贝尔和谢尔顿rampton -公关观赏|

David Barstow of the New York Times has written the first installment in what is already a stunning exposé of the Bush Administration’s most powerful propaganda weapon used to sell and manage the war on Iraq: the embedding of military propagandists directly into the TV networks as on-air commentators.戴维巴斯托的新纽约时报写了第一分期付款在什么已经是一个惊人的Exposé的对布什政府的最有力的宣传武器，用来出售和管理对伊拉克的战争：嵌入军事宣传员直接进入电视网络作为对空气的评论。 We and others have long criticized the我们和其他人早就批评

widespread TV network practice of hiring former military officials to serve as analysts, but even in our most cynical moments we did not anticipate how bad it was.广泛的电视网络的做法，聘请前军事官员充当分析师，但即使在我们最玩世不恭的时刻，我们没有预料到如何坏，它是。 Barstow has painstakingly documented how these analysts, most of them military industry consultants and lobbyists, were directly chosen, managed, coordinated and given their talking points by the Pentagon’s ministers of propaganda.巴斯托已刻意记录如何将这些分析家认为，他们大多是军工顾问和游说，直接选择，管理，协调和给予他们的谈话要点，由五角大楼的宣传部长。

Thanks to the two-year investigation by the New York Times, we today know that Victoria Clarke, then the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs, launched the Pentagon military analyst program in early 2002.多亏了为期两年的调查由纽约时报，今天，我们知道，维多利亚克拉克，然后助理秘书长，国防部负责公共事务的，发起了五角大楼的一位军事分析家的计划在2002年年初。 These supposedly independent military analysts were in fact a coordinated team of pro-war propagandists, personally recruited by Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, and acting under Clarke’s tutelage and development.这些假定独立军事分析家人，其实是一个协调小组，赞成战争的宣传员，亲自聘请的秘书，国防部长拉姆斯菲尔德，并根据克拉克的监护和发展。

One former participant, NBC military analyst Kenneth Allard, has called the effort “psyops on steroids.” As Barstow reports, “Internal Pentagon documents repeatedly refer to the military analysts as ‘message force multipliers’ or ’surrogates’ who could be counted on to deliver administration ‘themes and messages’ to millions of Americans ‘in the form of their own opinions.’ … Don Meyer, an aide to Ms. Clarke, said a strategic decision was made in 2002 to make the analysts the main focus of the public relations push to construct a case for war.”一前参与人，全国广播公司军事分析家丁阿拉德，有所谓的努力“ psyops对类固醇”巴斯托报道， “五角大楼的内部文件一再指以军事分析家作为'信息武力乘数'或'代理人'谁可以指望，以提供政府'的主题和邮件'数以百万计的美国人在的形式，自己的意见。 ' … …唐迈耶，一助手Clarke女士说，战略决策，是在2002年所做的，使分析师的主要重点是市民关系推动兴建一个案例战争“ 。

Clarke and her senior aide, Brent T. Krueger, eventually signed up more than 75 retired military officers who penned newspaper op/ed columns and appeared on television and radio news shows as military analysts.克拉克和她的高级助手月份交货的北海布伦特汤匙，克鲁格，最终签署了超过75个退役军官谁写的报纸作品/教育署栏目和出现在电视和电台新闻节目作为军事分析家。 The Pentagon held weekly meetings with the military analysts, which continued as of April 20, 2008, when the New York Times ran Barstow’s story.五角大楼举行的每周一次的会议与军事分析家，继续截至2008年4月20日，当新的纽约时报然巴斯托的故事。 The program proved so successful that it was expanded to issues besides the Iraq War.该计划证明非常成功，这是扩大的问题，除了伊拉克战争。 “Other branches of the “其他分行的

administration also began to make use of the analysts.政府也开始利用该分析师。 Mr. Gonzales, then the attorney general, met with them soon after news leaked that the government was wiretapping terrorism suspects in the United States without warrants, Pentagon records show.冈萨雷斯先生的话，总检察长会面，与他们后不久，消息外泄时表示，政府窃听恐怖嫌疑人在美国没有逮捕证，五角大楼的记录显示。 When David H. Petraeus was appointed the commanding general in Iraq in January 2007, one of his early acts was to meet with the analysts.”当每小时大卫彼得雷乌斯被任命为指挥一般在伊拉克于2007年1月，他的一个早期的行为是符合分析师“ 。

Barstow spent two years digging, using the Freedom of Information Act and attorneys to force the Bush Administration to release some 8,000 pages of documents now under lock and key at the New York Times.巴斯托花了两年时间挖掘，利用资讯自由法和律师，迫使布什政府释放一些8000页的文件目前正在锁和关键在纽约时报。 This treasure trove should result in additional stories, giving them a sort of “Pentagon Papers” of Iraq war propaganda.这个宝库的结果应该在更多的故事，给他们一种“五角大楼文件”伊拉克的战争宣传。

In 1971, when the Times printed excerpts of the Pentagon Papers on its front page, it precipitated a constitutional showdown with the Nixon Administration over the deception and lies that sold the war in Vietnam.在1971年，当时代的印摘录五角大楼文件在其头版，它沉淀了宪法摊牌，尼克松政府在欺骗和谎言出卖了在越南的战争。 The Pentagon Papers issue dominated the news media back then.五角大楼文件问题为主的新闻媒体，然后回。 Today, however, Barstow’s stunning report is being ignored by the most important news media in America — TV news — the source where most Americans, unfortunately, get most of their information.但是，今天，巴斯托的惊人的报告是由被忽视，最重要的新闻媒体在美国-电视新闻-源的地方，大多数美国人，不幸的是，获得他们的大部分信息。

Joseph Goebbels, eat your heart out.约瑟夫戈培尔，吃你的心。 Goebbels is history’s most notorious war propagandist, but even he could not have invented a smoother PR vehicle for selling and maintaining media and public support for a war: embed trusted “independent” military experts into the TV newsroom.戈培尔，是历史上最臭名昭著的战争宣传，但即使他不能发明了顺畅的公关汽车销售和维护传媒和公众的战争的支持：嵌入信任的“独立”的军事专家到电视新闻。 As with most propaganda, the key to the success of this effort was the element of concealment, as these analysts and the Bush administration hid the fact that their talking points and marching orders were coming directly from the Pentagon.与大多数的宣传，成功的关键，这方面的努力是元素隐蔽，由于这些分析家和布什政府隐瞒事实，即他们的谈话要点和行军命令直接来自五角大楼。

The use of these analysts was a glaring violation of journalistic standards.使用这些分析师是一个明显的违反了新闻的标准。 As the code of ethics of the Society of Professional Journalists explains, journalists are supposed to:作为道德守则的社会专业记者解释，记者是为了：

* Avoid conflicts of interest, real or perceived. *避免利益冲突，真实的或感觉到的。

* Remain free of associations and activities that may compromise integrity or damage credibility. *保持自由的社团和活动，可能的妥协的完整性或损害的公信力。

* Refuse gifts, favors, fees, free travel and special treatment, and shun secondary employment, political involvement, *拒绝礼品，人情费，免费旅行和特殊待遇，和信中学和就业，政治参与，

public office and service in community organizations if they compromise journalistic integrity.公职人员和服务在社区组织，如果他们妥协新闻的完整性。

* Disclose unavoidable conflicts. *披露无可避免的冲突。

* Be vigilant and courageous about holding those with power accountable. *警惕和勇敢的约持有那些与权力的责任。

* Deny favored treatment to advertisers and special interests and resist their pressure to influence news coverage. *否认优惠待遇，以广告客户和特殊利益，抵制他们的压力来影响新闻报道。

* Be wary of sources offering information for favors or money. *警惕的来源提供信息，为人情或金钱。

The networks using these analysts as journalists shamelessly failed to vet their experts and ignored the obvious conflicts of hiring a person with financial relationships to companies profiting from war to be an on-air analyst of war.网络使用这些分析师作为记者无耻失败审核他们的专家和忽视了明显的冲突，雇用一个人与金融的关系，以公司的利润从战争到一个对空分析师的战争。 They acted as if war was a football game and their military commentators were former coaches and players familiar with the rules and strategies.他们充当如果战争是一场足球比赛和他们的军事评论家前教练和球员熟悉规则和战略。 The TV networks even paid these “analysts” for their propaganda, enabling them to present themselves as “third party experts” while parroting White House talking points to sell the war.该电视网络，即使支付了这些“分析师”为他们的宣传，使他们能够把自己作为“第三方专家” ，而parroting白宫的谈话要点出售战争。

Now that Barstow has blown their cover, the TV networks have generally refused to comment about this matter.现在巴斯托已吹他们的封面，电视网络，一般都拒绝评论这件事。 Further compounding their violations of the public trust, they are blacking out coverage of the New York Times exposé, no doubt on advice of their own PR and crisis management advisors.进一步复杂化，他们侵犯了公众的信任，他们是发黑出来的覆盖面，新纽约时报Exposé的，毫无疑问对的意见，他们自己的公关与危机管理顾问。

Since the 1920s there have been laws passed to stop the government from doing what Barstow has exposed.自1920年代以来有已通过的法律，以阻止政府做什么巴斯托已暴露无遗。 It is actually illegal in the United States for the government to propagandize its own citizens.它实际上是非法在美国政府宣传其自己的公民。 As Barstow’s report demonstrates, these laws have been repeatedly violated, are not enforced and are clearly inadequate.作为巴斯托的报告表明，这些法律已屡次违反，不执行，并显然是不够的。 The US Congress therefore needs to investigate this and the rest of the Bush propaganda campaign that sold the war in Iraq.美国国会的，因此需要调查这和其余的宣传运动，布什认为，出售在伊拉克的战争。

The attack and occupation of Iraq continues, with no end in sight.这次袭击和对伊拉克的占领仍在继续，看不到尽头。 Estimates of the number of Iraqi dead range from the hundreds of thousands to more than a million.人数的估计，伊拉克死亡的范围从几十万到一百多万。 The cost to American taxpayers will eventually be in the trillions of dollars.成本，以美国纳税人的，最终会被在该万亿美元。 More than 4,000 US soldiers have lost their lives, and this is just a part of the horrific toll of mental and physical disability that the war is taking on hundreds of thousands of troops and their families.超过4000名美军士兵献出了生命，这仅仅是一部分，可怕的收费精神和身体残疾的战争正在对数以十万计的部队和他们的家人。

This war would never have been possible had the mainstream news media done its job.这场战争可能永远都没有可能了主流新闻媒体做了它的工作。 Instead, it has repeated the Big Lies that sold the war.相反，它一再大谎言出售的战争。 This war would never have been possible without the millions of dollars spent by the Bush Administration on sophisticated and deceptive public relations techniques such as the Pentagon military analyst program that David Barstow has exposed.这场战争绝不会已是不可能的数百万美元的花费，布什政府对精密性和欺骗性公共关系技术，如五角大楼的一位军事分析家的程序国宝巴斯托已暴露无遗。 It should come as no surprise to anyone that Victoria Clarke, who designed and oversaw this Pentagon propaganda machine, now works as a commentator for TV network news.它应是意料中向任何人说，维多利亚克拉克，是谁设计和监督，这五角大楼的宣传机器，现在工程作为一个评论员电视网络新闻。 She may have changed jobs and employers since leaving the Pentagon, but her work remains the same.她可能已经发生变化的职位和雇主以来离开五角大楼，但她的工作仍是相同的。

John Stauber is the Executive Director of the Center for Media and Democracy.约翰施托伊贝尔是执行中心主任，媒体和民主。

See More: 看到更多的： Propaganda 宣传 USA News 美国新闻

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This entry was posted on Saturday, April 26th, 2008 at 5:31 am and is filed under 此项目被张贴在周六， 2008年4月26日在上午05时31分，并提交下 Media News 新闻 , ， Political News 政治新闻 , ， Breaking News 突发新闻 . 。 You can follow any responses to this entry through the 您可以按照任何的反应，此项目通过 RSS 2.0 2.0 feed. 喂养。 You can 您可以 leave a response 留下的回应 , or ，或 trackback Trackback跟踪 from your own site. 从你自己的网站。

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