A study, written for US Special Operations Command, suggested “clandestinely recruiting or hiring prominent bloggers.” Since the start of the Iraq war, there’s been a raucous debate in military circles over how to handle blogs — and the servicemembers who want to keep them.一項研究顯示，書面為美國特種作戰司令部中，建議"秘密招募或僱用知名博客" ，由於一開始的伊拉克戰爭中，有一個全世界人民的辯論在軍事界對於如何處理博客-以及s ervicemembers誰不想保管，不得丟失。 One faction sees blogs as一派認為，博客作為 security risks安全風險 , and a collective和集體 waste of troops’ time浪費部隊時間 . 。 The other (which includes其他（其中包括 top officers高層管理人員 , like Gen. David Petraeus and Lt. Gen. William Caldwell) considers blogs to be a valuable source of information, and a way for ordinary troops to shape opinions, both at home and abroad.像將軍大衛彼得雷烏斯和中將威廉考德威爾）認為博客是一個有價值的信息來源，方式，為普通軍隊形成的意見，無論是在國內和國外。

This 2006 report for the Joint Special Operations University, “ 2006年的報告為聯合特種作戰大學" Blogs and Military Information Strategy博客和軍事情報戰略 ,” offers a third approach — co-opting bloggers, or even putting them on the payroll. " ，提供了第三種方法-合作，選擇博客，或什至把他們就發薪。 “Hiring a block of bloggers to verbally attack a specific person or promote a specific message may be worth considering,” write the report’s co-authors, James Kinniburgh and Dororthy Denning. "租用一幢博客口頭攻擊一個特定的人或促進某一特定訊息，可能是值得考慮的， "寫報告的共同作者，詹姆斯kinniburgh和dororthy鄧寧。

Lt. Commander Marc Boyd, a US Special Operations Command spokesman, says the report was merely an academic exercise.中將指揮官馬克博伊德，一位美國特種作戰司令部的發言人說，這份報告僅是一項學術活動。 “The comments are not ‘actionable’, merely thought provoking,” he tells Danger Room. "的評論不是'訴' ，而僅具啟發性， "他告訴大家，危險室。 “The views expressed in the article publication are entirely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views, policy or position of the US Government, Department of Defense, USSOCOM [Special Operations Command], or the Joint Special Operations University.” "收集到的意見，表示在文章中發表完全是那些作者和不一定能夠反映意見，政策或立場，對美國政府來說，國防部門， ussocom [特種作戰司令部] ，或者聯合特種作戰大學" 。

Denning, a鄧寧， professor教授 at Naval Postgraduate School, adds in an e-mail, “I got some positive feedback from people who read the article, but I don’t know if it led to anything.”在海軍研究生學校，增加了在一封電子郵件中， "我得到了一些積極的反饋，由人讀了這篇文章，但我不知道，如果它導致了什麼" 。

The report introduces the military audience to the “blogging phenomenon,” and lays out a number of ways in which the armed forces — specifically, the military’s public affairs, information operations, and psychological operations units — might use the sites to their advantage.報告介紹了軍事觀眾的"博客現象" ，並闡明了一些辦法，使軍隊-具體說，軍方的公共事務，信息作戰，心理作戰部隊-可能使用土地，以他們的優勢。

Information strategists can consider clandestinely recruiting or hiring prominent bloggers or other persons of prominence… to pass the US message. 信息戰略家們可以考慮秘密招募或僱用知名博客或其他人的突出…通過美國的訊息。 In this way, the US can overleap the entrenched inequalities and make use of preexisting intellectual and social capital. 這樣一來，美國可以overleap根深蒂固的不平等現象，並運用原有的知識和社會資本。 Sometimes numbers can be effective; hiring a block of bloggers to verbally attack a specific person or promote a specific message may be worth considering. 有時號碼可有效;租用一幢博客口頭攻擊一個特定的人或促進某一特定訊息，可能是值得考慮的。 On the other hand, such operations can have a blowback effect, as witnessed by the public reaction following revelations that the 在另一方面，這些行動能有一個blowback效應，為市民有目共睹反應以下啟示說 US military had paid journalists to publish stories in the Iraqi press 美國軍方支付了記者發表故事，在伊拉克新聞 under their own names. 下自己的名字。 People do not like to be deceived, and the price of being exposed is lost credibility and trust. 人們不喜歡被欺騙，價格的被揭露，是失去了信譽和信任。

An alternative strategy is to “make” a blog and blogger. 另一種策略就是"以使"博客， Blogger等。 The process of boosting the blog to a position of influence could take some time, however, and depending on the person running the blog, may impose a significant educational burden, in terms of cultural and linguistic training before the blog could be put online to any useful effect. 這一進程的推動博客到一個位置的影響可能需要一些時間，不過，並根據該人辦博客，可施加重大的教育負擔，在文化和語言上的訓練之前，博客可以在網上提出任何有益的作用。 Still, there are people in the military today who like to blog. 還有，有些人在軍事今天喜歡博客。 In some cases, their talents might be redirected toward operating blogs as part of an information campaign. 在某些情況下，它們的人才可能被轉用於對作業博客作為一個宣傳運動。 If a military blog offers valuable information that is not available from other sources, it could rise in rank fairly rapidly. 如果一個軍事博客提供了寶貴的資料，這是不可從其他來源獲得，它可以增加排名相當迅速。

Denning, the report’s author, has promoted controversial opinions before.  In the early 1990s, when she was chair of the Georgetown University’s computer science department, Denning鄧寧，該報告的作者，促進了爭議性意見，然後在20世紀90年代初，當她主持的喬治敦大學計算機科學系，鄧寧 emerged as the leading advocate出現了作為領先倡導者 for the so-called “為使所謂的" Clipper Chip快船芯片 ,” a cryptographic device for protecting communications — until the government wanted to listen in.  The project was cancelled by 1996. "加密設備，為保障通信-直到政府要聽英寸該項目已被取消了1 996年。

In her 2006 paper, Denning warns that blogs can and will be used by America’s enemies.她在2006年的文件，鄧寧警告說，博客還可以將被用於美國的敵人。 These sites, she argues, can also be used to serve US government interests.這些土地，她辯稱，也可以被用來服務於美國政府的利益。

There are certain to be cases where some blog, outside the control of the US government, promotes a message that is antithetical to US interests, or actively supports the informational, recruiting and logistical activities of our enemies. 有一些必須的情況下，一些博客，控制範圍之外的美國政府，推動了一個信息，即是對立的美國利益，或積極支持信息，招聘和後勤活動，我們的敵人。 The initial reaction may be to take down the site, but this is problematic in that doing so does not guarantee that the site will remain down. 最初的反應可能會採取降低遺址，而且這是有問題，這樣做並不能保證該網站將繼續下降。 As has been the case with many such sites, the offending site will likely move to a different host server, often in a third country. 正如已經如此，許多這類網站，違規網站，將可能走向一個不同的伺服器主機，往往在第三國進行。 Moreover, such action will likely produce even more interest in the site and its contents. 而且，這種行動可能會產生更多的興趣，本網站及其內容。 Also, taking down a site that is known to pass enemy EEIs (essential elements of information) and that gives us their key messages denies us a valuable information source. 同時，採取了一個網站，是眾所周知的通行證敵人eeis （基本要素信息） ，並給了我們自己的關鍵信息，剝奪了我們一個寶貴的信息來源。 This is not to say that once the information passed becomes redundant or is superseded by a better source that the site should be taken down. 這並不是說，一旦信息通過成為多餘或取代的是一個更好的消息人士表示，網站應予以拆除。 At that point the enemy blog might be used covertly as a vehicle for friendly information operations. 在這一點上敵人的博客有可能被利用，暗地裡卻作為一種工具，友好的信息戰。 Hacking the site and subtly changing the messages and data—merely a few words or phrases—may be sufficient to begin destroying the blogger’s credibility with the audience. 黑客網站，並巧妙地改變了信息和數據只是幾個單詞或詞組-可能足以開始摧毀Blogger的公信力與觀眾會面。 Better yet, if the blogger happens to be passing enemy communications and logistics data, the information content could be corrupted . 再好不過了，如果博客剛好是及格敵方通訊和後勤數據，信息的內容可以腐化 。 If the messages are subtly tweaked and the data corrupted in the right way, the enemy may reason that the blogger in question has betrayed them and either take down the site (and the blogger) themselves, or by threatening such action, give the US an opportunity to offer the individual amnesty in exchange for information. (emphasis mine) 如果訊息是微妙地扭曲和腐化的數據在用正確的方式，敵人可能正因如此，博客問題已經背叛了他們，並且記下網站（和Blogger ） ，或要脅，這種行動，讓美國的一個機會給個人提供特赦換取信息。 （重點礦山）

Noah Shachtman諾亞shachtman

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