David Miller 苗大偉

A Spinwatch investigation has revealed that journalists working for the Services Sound and Vision Corporation (SSVC) have been commissioned to provide news reports to the BBC. 1 spinwatch調查表明，新聞工作者的工作，為其提供的服務和良好的視覺公司（ ssvc ）已委託提供新聞報導，以英國廣播公司。 The BBC has been using these reports as if they were genuine news.英國廣播公司一直在使用這些報告，如果他們真正的新聞。 In fact, the SSVC is entirely funded by the Ministry of Defence as a propaganda operation, which according to its own website makes a ‘considerable contribution’ to the ‘morale’ of the armed forces.事實上， ssvc經費完全由國防部作為宣傳運作，而根據其自己的網站上提出了'貢獻' ，以'士氣'的武裝部隊。

In the US, Washington has been rocked by the scandal of fake journalists.在美國，華盛頓已經被打破，由醜聞的假記者。 The Bush administration has been paying actors to produce news, paying journalists to write propaganda, and paying Republican party members to pose as journalists.布什政府一直在支付演員出示消息，同時記者寫的宣傳，並支付共和黨員的構成，作為新聞工作者。 In the UK this has been reported with our customary shake of the head at the bizarre nature of US politics and media.在英國，這已報警與我們習慣動搖的頭部奇異的性質，美國的政治和媒體。 Implicitly we are relieved that, however bad things are here, at least we are not as bad as they are.含蓄我們感到寬慰，但是，壞事都在這裡，至少我們是沒有那麼壞，因為他們的影響。

But Spinwatch can reveal that we have our very own fake journalists operating in the UK.但spinwatch可以透露，我們有我們自己的假新聞記者經營在英國。 The government pays for their wages and they provide news as if they were normal journalists rather than paid propagandists.政府支付他們的工資和他們提供的消息，如果他們正常的新聞記者，而不是付出宣傳員。 Normally they work in a little known outfit with the acronym BFBS, which stands for British Forces Broadcasting Service.通常，他們在工作中鮮為人知的服裝與縮寫bfbs ，主張英國部隊的廣播服務。 BFBS exists to ‘entertain and inform’ British armed forces around the world and is entirely funded by the British Ministry of Defence. bfbs存在'受理，並告知'英國軍隊在世界各地的經費完全是由英國國防部的。 BFBS is run by the SSVC. bfbs是由ssvc 。 But on this occasion no mention of Ministry of defence funding was made.但這次並沒有提到國防部的經費進行了比較。 She was introduced simply as a reporter ‘from the British Forces Broadcasting Service’ who ‘has been embedded with the Scots Guards’.她簡單介紹了作為一個記者，從英國部隊廣播服務'誰'一直嵌入式與蘇格蘭衛隊' 。 As one wag inside the BBC puts it, this suggests a process of ‘double embedding’, first working for the MoD and second embedding with a regiment.作為一個水氣交替內英國廣播公司的說法，這意味著一個過程的『雙重嵌入' ，第一份工作，為MOD和第二嵌入一個團。 The report began:報告開始：

‘Route 6 is the main road North out of Basra. ' 6號線是主道北出巴士拉。 It runs through the badlands of Iraq’s marsh Arabs They make a living from crime - carjackings, smuggling and murder are common place.它貫穿了badlands伊拉克的沼澤阿拉伯人，他們何以為生，從犯罪-氾濫成災，走私和謀殺是共同的地方。 It’s also the scene of an age old feud between two warring tribes.’ (25 November 2004)這也是現場的一個時代的舊仇雙方交戰部落』 （ 2004年11月25日）

Naturally enough, we are told that the regiment in which the reporter is ‘embedded’ has resolved these tribal problems by negotiating ‘a ceasefire’ following which ‘ the two tribes had had their first nights sleep in several months’.當然，有人告訴我們，這個團在這記者是'嵌入式'解決了這些部落的問題，通過談判'停火'之後， '兩個部落曾其第一夜睡在數個月。

The British Army view of the Iraqi people can be less than sympathetic.英國陸軍鑑於伊拉克人民可以低於同情。 The army crackdown on looting early in the occupation was codenamed ‘Operation Ali Baba’ after the folk tale ‘Ali Baba and the forty thieves’.軍事鎮壓搶劫早在佔領是代號為' Operation阿里巴巴'後，民間故事'阿里巴巴和四十小偷' 。 Issuing orders for Operation Ali Baba the commanding officer gave what the Army now acknowledges was an illegal order to ‘work them hard’.簽發命令運行阿里巴巴指揮軍官了什麼軍隊現在承認是一名非法為了工作，他們硬』 。 This led predictably to torture, only discovered when some brave soul in a photo developing shop reported the resulting record of abuse to the police.由此可以預見，以酷刑，只發現當一些勇敢的靈魂，在照片發展中國家店報，由此產生的紀錄，虐待，向警方報案。 The view of the Iraq population as thieves is evidently shared by both torturers and propagandists.該鑑於對伊拉克的人口為竊賊顯然是共享雙方的行刑者和宣傳員。

There were interviews with five separate British soldiers including one with a ‘master sniper’ brought in to counter resistance attacks on the Iraqi police.有訪談五個單獨的英國士兵，包括一個具有'師父狙擊手'引進來對付抵抗攻擊伊拉克警察。 But there are no interviews with any Iraqis.但還沒有約談任何伊拉克人。 The report concludes with a straight forward piece of propaganda for the occupation: ‘While the Scots Guards remain the ceasefire is likely to hold strong.報告最後提出了直著一塊宣傳，為職業： ' ，而蘇格蘭衛隊維持停火，是有可能將維持強勁。 There’s been little trouble in the area since the peace was brokered and the ceasefire has been extended to December the first.還有的並沒有多大的麻煩以來，該地區的和平是撮合和停火已延長至12月的第一個。 But the Iraqi police and national guard still lack confidence and credibility to keep the peace on their own and should the fighting resume, the governor of Basra has given the go ahead for the Scots Guards to use more force to make route 6 safe again.’ Even although the report has itself hinted that the fighting is targetting the occupation, we are left with the extraordinary statement that the army in illegal ocupation of Iraq is actually a ‘peacekeeping’ force.但是伊拉克警察和國民衛隊仍缺乏信心和信譽，以保一方平安對自己的，並應戰鬥恢復，總督巴士拉鑑於著手為蘇格蘭衛隊，以更多地使用武力，使6號線安全又'甚至雖然報告本身暗示說，戰鬥是針對佔領，我們只剩下了非同尋常的聲明說，軍隊在非法ocupation的伊拉克，其實是一個'維和'部隊。

According to the editor of Good Morning Scotland the piece ‘was a bit a of a one-off because she happened to have been embedded with the Royal Scots.據編者的早安蘇格蘭一塊'是一個位的是一次過，因為她發生的事情已被嵌入與皇家蘇格蘭。 Until a few months ago Martha was a correspondent here at BBC Scotland (had been for several years) and is therefore a journalist we know and trust.直到幾個月前，瑪莎是一個通訊員在此間英國廣播公司蘇格蘭（已好幾年） ，因而是一個新聞工作者，我們知道和信任。 ‘It was quite an unsual commission’. '這是一個相當unsual委員會' 。 Unusual indeed, but not unique.的確不尋常，但並非獨一無二。 Further inquiries by Spinwatch have revealed that another item from a different BFBS journalist was broadcast on Radio Scotland on Christmas day 2004.進一步調查spinwatch顯示，另一個項目是從不同的bfbs問廣播電台蘇格蘭聖誕節當日， 2004年。 Insiders at BBC Scotland are livid about this, indeed several have contacted Spinwatch to pass on their concerns.業內人士在英國廣播公司蘇格蘭都感受到這一點，確實有幾個接觸spinwatch通過對他們的關注。 One reports that colleagues have remarked on the ‘complete lack of balance’ of the piece and one described it as ‘an audio press release for the Army’.*其中一個報告說，同事都談到'完全缺乏平衡'的劇目之一，並形容這是'一個音頻新聞發布，為軍隊' .*

But were the BBC right to say that the journalist concerned was one ‘we know and trust’?但英國廣播公司正確地說，有關的新聞工作者之一， '我們了解和信任'嗎？ Certainly there has been a significant wave of journalists from the mainstream media signing up to work for the government since the election of the Blair government.當然，有一個顯著的浪潮記者從主流媒體簽署了政府的工作，因為大選的布萊爾政府。 Alastair Campbell is only the most famous.坎貝爾是唯一最有名的。 BBC journalists too have made the transition to propagandist as in the example of Mark Laity who became a spin doctor at NATO from whom no further work was commissioned..英國廣播公司記者也作了過渡到宣傳者，因為在例子馬克俗人的人，成為自旋醫生在北約從誰沒有進一步的工作是委託..

The BBC editor claimed in defence that ‘I should stress too that BFBS is not controlled by the MOD.英國廣播公司的編輯聲稱，在辯護說， '我要強調過， bfbs不是由國防部。 It is funded by them in much the same way the BBC World Service is funded by the Foreign Office.它的經費是由他們在很多同樣地，英國廣播公司世界服務經費是由外國辦事處。 Their journalists are actually employed by the SSVC, the Services Sound and Vision Corporation, which is a charitable organisation with editorial independence from the MoD.’ (email to the author, December 2004)他們的記者，其實是受聘於ssvc ，服務健全和遠見公司是一家慈善機構，擁有編輯自主權，由英國國防部' （寄給作者， 2004年12月）

This is not quite accurate.這是不太準確。 A quick visit to the website of the Services Sound and Vision Corporation (SSVC) which is the parent of the BFBS reveals that ‘Our work makes a considerable contribution to the maintenance of the efficiency and morale of the three Services.快速訪問該網站的各項服務的健全和遠見公司（ ssvc ） ，即母公司的bfbs透露， '我們的工作提出了相當大的貢獻，以維護效率和士氣的三項服務。 Our activities are carried out directly for the Ministry of Defence.但我們的活動進行了直接為國防部。 Any profits are donated towards Forces’ welfare.’ Whatever might be said about the World Service relationship with the Foreign Office, it has not ever been accused of donating its profits to the welfare of Britain’s diplomats.任何利潤捐給邁向勢力'福利'不管，可以說，對於世界服務關係與外交事務，但至今沒有被指控犯有捐贈，其利潤向福利英國的外交官。 The notion that the SSVC which is wholly funded by the MoD serves any other purpose than propaganda is fanciful.概念，即ssvc這是全資，由國防部提供服務的任何其他目的，比宣傳，是不切實際的夢想。

The BBC editor also noted: ‘Nonetheless we did flag up in the cue that she was embedded for the BFBS.’ They did indeed, but very few radio listeners are familiar with what the BFBS is.英國廣播公司的編輯還指出： '但無論如何，我們沒有國旗在吹風說，她是嵌入式為bfbs '確實，但極少數電台聽眾所熟悉的是什麼bfbs 。 This is true of the whole network of propaganda agencies in the UK is little known, but anyone with an internet connection can find out about the organisations involved.這才是真正的全網的宣傳機構，在英國是鮮為人知，但任何與網際網路連線，可以發現，對參與討論的機構。 The Foreign Office runs a network of fake news operations and has done for years.外交部運行的網絡假新聞業務，並已做了很多年。 In recently times these have been contracted out to private production companies with the helpful effect that the government funding is further camouflaged.在最近的時代，這些已承包給私營公司生產與幫助，即政府的撥款是進一步偽裝的。 They have also been extended markedly to focus more cetnrally on the middle east since 2001.他們還延長了明顯更加注重cetnrally關於中東問題，自2001年以來。 One such is the London Press Service which is described as follows on the government I-uk site: ‘an agency offering the latest British headline news, news round-ups, features and pictures for use by journalists overseas.’其中一個是在倫敦的新聞服務，這是描述如下對政府：我和英國的網站： '一個機構，提供最新的英國頭條新聞，新聞圍捕，特點和圖片，供新聞記者海外。

This is a rather coy way to describe a government propaganda service.這是一個相當事務的方式來形容政府的宣傳服務。 Click on its website for an admission of the defining feature of this whole network of agencies; that the news on the site ‘is for free use by journalists’.點擊其網站上輸入了決定性特徵，這對整個網絡的機構，即新聞網站' ，是免費使用的新聞工作者。 Look in vain for an indication of who really funds this service.看看妄圖為標誌的人真的基金這方面的服務。 All you will see is a notice at the bottom of the home page : ‘The london Press Service is operated and maintained by Intelfax Ltd.’ Intelfax is in turn an independent production company but the London Press Service is funded entirely by the Foreign Office.所有你將看到的是一個通知，在底部的主頁： '在倫敦的新聞服務，是操作和維護的，由intelfax有限公司' intelfax又是一個獨立的製作公司，但在倫敦的新聞服務經費全部由外國辦事處。

Or take the example of British Satellite News (BSN) broadcast for free over the Reuters World News Service.或採取為例，英國衛星新聞（ bsn ）播出免費的路透社世界新聞服務。 According to its website, BSN ‘is a free television news and features service, which provides you with coverage of worldwide topical events and stories from a British perspective.據其網站， bsn '是一個免費電視新聞和專題節目的服務，為您提供覆蓋全球的熱門事件和故事，從英國的角度來看。 Our dedicated team of experienced television journalists specialise in producing topical stories that inform and entertain a global audience.我們的專責隊伍，經驗豐富的電視記者們專注於製造話題的故事告知及娛樂全球觀眾。 ‘ Again not much in the way of a clue that this is a fake news site. '再沒有什麼在阻礙著一條線索，這是一個假新聞網站。 BSN is run by a company called World Television which does work for the BBC such as the live coverage of the TUC conference and also works for multinationals such as GSK and Nestle. bsn是由一家名為世界電視但這工作，為英國廣播公司等活的篇幅闡述了職工大會會議，並且也可以為跨國公司如葛蘭素史克公司和雀巢公司。 The Foreign Office helpfully tells us that BSN has ‘a particular focus on the Arab/Islamic world.’ It also mentions that BSN ’s fake news ‘is currently used by 35 broadcasters in the Middle East and over 440 worldwide.’ The secret of all this material is that it is not only free to use but that it is used as if it was genuine news and not British propaganda.外交部裨益告訴我們bsn已' ，特別要側重於阿拉伯/伊斯蘭世界' ，又提到bsn奇摩假新聞' ，是目前所採用的35個廣播機構在中東和超過440名世界各地的'秘密;這一切物質，是它不僅是可免費使用，但它是用來作為如果它是真實的消息，而不是英國的宣傳。

The UK is awash with fake news, of which the examples here are only a taste, it is just that we don’t pay much attention to it.英國是充斥著各種假新聞，其中的例子，在這裡只是一個味道，這只是由於我們不重視它。 The American scandals over fake news are played out against the background of some pretty clear laws forbidding propaganda with a disguised source within the borders of the US.美國的醜聞，逾假新聞渲染出的背景下對一些很明確的法律，禁止宣傳與變相源內部邊界的美國。 There are no laws forbidding fake news in the UK.有沒有法律禁止假消息，在英國。 Perhaps we needs some.也許我們需要一些。

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