US to set ‘binding’ climate goals, finally美國訂定'約束力'氣候目標，最後

By 由 Richard Black 理查德黑

The US is ready to accept “binding international obligations” on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, officials say, if other nations do the same. 美國準備好接受"具有約束力的國際義務"中有關減少溫室氣體排放量，有關官員說，如果其他國家也這樣做。

The comments came in a news conference in Paris given by James Connaughton and Daniel Price, environmental and economics advisers to President Bush.這番評論是在一個新聞發布會上，在巴黎所給予的詹姆斯connaughton和Daniel價格，環境和經濟顧問委員會給布什總統。

The US hopes the world’s major economies will conclude a “leaders’ declaration” before the July G8 summit.美國希望世界上的主要經濟體將締結一項"領導人宣言" ，前7月的八國集團首腦會議。

There was no indication of how much the US might be prepared to cut emissions.有資料顯示，並沒有多少美國可能準備以削減溫室氣體排放。

But the Bush administration is clearly looking for some kind of binding commitment from major developing countries such as China, India and Brazil.但布什政府顯然是在尋找某種約束力的承諾，從主要的發展中國家，如中國，印度和巴西等國家。

“The US is prepared to enter into binding international obligations to reduce greenhouse gases as part of a global agreement in which all major economies similarly undertake binding international obligations,” said Mr Price, the president’s deputy national security adviser for international economic affairs. "美國已準備進入約束力的國際義務，以減少溫室氣體的一部分，一項全球協議中，所有主要經濟體同樣具有約束力的承諾的國際義務，說： "物價，總統的副國家安全顧問，為國際經濟事務。

The United Nations climate process emphasises that different countries have “common but differentiated responsibilities” for climate change, which in practice has meant industrialised nations promising to cut emissions while developing countries do not.聯合國氣候變化過程強調說，不同的國家有"共同但有區別的責任" ，氣候變化，但這種做法實際上意味著工業化國家承諾將削減溫室氣體排放，而發展中國家沒有。

But the US officials suggested the phrase should mean something different - supporting the poorest nations, while expecting those that are developing successfully to take on some kind of obligation to cut emissions.但美國官員暗示，這句話應該是指不同的風景-支持最貧窮的國家，而期待著那些正在開發成功承擔某種義務，以削減溫室氣體排放。

“An effective framework requires the participation of all major economies, developed and developing alike,” said Mr Price. "一個有效的框架要求所有主要經濟體，包括發達國家和發展中國家在內的先生說： "價格。

“Europe and the US could turn out the lights today, and come 2030 or 2050 we would not have addressed the problem of climate change.” "歐洲和美國可能演變成燈火通明的今天，並在2030年來或2050年我們不會有解決氣候變化問題的" 。

Some countries might commit to firm emissions targets while others promised energy efficiency gains, he suggested.一些國家可能會以堅定的排放指標，而其他承諾，能源效率的提高，他建議說。 Commitments could cover a country’s entire economy, or just certain sectors.承諾無法掩蓋一個國家的整個經濟，或者只是某些部門。

Shuffling the decks 改組列隊

The notion that major developing countries might take on binding targets might prove politically difficult, suggested Philip Clapp, deputy managing director of the Pew Environment Group概念，即主要的發展中國家可能就具有約束力的目標，可能證明是政治上的困難，建議弘clapp ，副董事總經理皮尤環境組

The US wants to conclude talks before the G8 summit in Japan美國要結束會談前，八國集團首腦會議在日本

“The White House knows that taking a binding target of comparable size [to that taken by the US or EU] is neither a negotiating option nor a physical possibility for the Chinese government,” he told BBC News. "白宮知道採取一項有約束力的目標，可比大小[該採取的是由美國或歐盟]既不是一個談判的選擇，也不是身體的可能性，為中國政府， "他告訴BBC新聞。

He also suggested that an acid test of a leaders’ declaration would be the timescale for making cuts.他還建議成立一個嚴峻的考驗一項領導人宣言將何時作出削減。

At the last G8 summit, Japan proposed setting the goal of reducing emissions globally by 50% by 2050, a target which Daniel Price said could potentially form part of the declaration.在上屆八國集團首腦會議上，日本方面提出了設定的目標，減少廢氣排放量，在全球範圍內由50 ％ ，到2050年，一個目標，其中丹尼爾普賴斯表示，有可能形成部分的宣言。

“It’s become increasingly apparent that the Bush administration is willing to agree to a target that would take effect 40 years from now, and wants to portray that as a major accomplishment,” said Mr Clapp. "這是越來越明顯的是布什政府願意同意一個目標將生效40年從現在起，要塑造這是一個重大的成就，說： " clapp 。

“A key question is whether the administration is willing to accept binding targets that take effect before 2020, because a binding commitment that doesn’t take effect for 40 years is really just shuffling the problem off one more time.” "其中一個關鍵問題是政府是否願意接受具有約束力的目標，即生效之前， 2020年，因為一個有約束力的承諾，這並不生效40年來，實在是剛剛改組的問題，掀起一個更多時間" 。

Trading plans 交易計劃

The US comments stem largely from a process initiated by President Bush last year, a series of talks involving 17 nations that together account for about 80% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions.美國的評論主要來自一個進程發起的，布什總統在去年一連串的講座，涉及17個國家加在一起佔了約80 ％的世界溫室氣體排放量。

The “major economies” or “big emitters” group had its second meeting in Hawaii last month, and the next is scheduled for Paris in April. "大經濟體"或"大排放大戶"組第二次會議於夏威夷上個月，在未來預定前往巴黎4月。

Environmental groups have criticised the process as a distraction from the UN negotiations, and because the developing countries involved have much lower per capita emissions than the US.環保團體批評的過程作為一個分心，從聯合國談判，因為發展中國家所涉及的已遠遠低於人均排放量超過美國。

But European delegates involved in the Hawaii meeting described the mood as frank and engaging.但歐洲的代表參與在夏威夷舉行形容心情坦率和從事。

The EU and US are working together within the World Trade Organization (WTO) on a proposal that all countries should slash tarriffs on trade in clean energy equipment.歐盟和美國正在共同努力，在世界貿易組織（ WTO ）的一項提案，所有國家都應該兇多吉少tarriffs貿易在清潔能源設備。

“Some countries, in particular the major developing countries, have tarriff schedules as high as 70%,” said Mr Connaughton, head of the White House Council on Environmental Quality. "有些國家，特別是主要的發展中國家，有tarriff附表高達70 ％ ，說： " connaughton ，主管白宮環境質量。

“We’re trying to get the world to eliminate tarriffs, and that could increase global trade in clean energy technologies and services by up to 14% per year. "我們正在試圖獲得世界消除tarriffs ，這就可以增加全球貿易在清潔能源技術和服務高達14 ％ 。

“This is the single largest step we could take immediately to transfer available technologies to the developing world at very low cost.” "這是最大的單一步驟，我們可以立即採取轉讓現有技術，以發展中世界處於一個極低的成本" 。

Mr Price suggested the style of dialogue between the EU and US, which he categorised as “the EU berating the US to do more”, needed to change, with both blocs working together to ensure the participation of major developing countries.問價格建議的風格之間的對話，歐盟和美國，這是他歸類為"歐盟裁判的美國做更多的" ，需要轉變，以雙方陣營的工作，共同努力，確保參與的發展中的大國。

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