US to set ‘binding’ climate goals, finally美国订定'约束力'气候目标，最后

By 由 Richard Black 理查德黑

The US is ready to accept “binding international obligations” on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, officials say, if other nations do the same. 美国准备好接受"具有约束力的国际义务"中有关减少温室气体排放量，有关官员说，如果其他国家也这样做。

The comments came in a news conference in Paris given by James Connaughton and Daniel Price, environmental and economics advisers to President Bush.这番评论是在一个新闻发布会上，在巴黎所给予的詹姆斯connaughton和Daniel价格，环境和经济顾问委员会给布什总统。

The US hopes the world’s major economies will conclude a “leaders’ declaration” before the July G8 summit.美国希望世界上的主要经济体将缔结一项"领导人宣言" ，前7月的八国集团首脑会议。

There was no indication of how much the US might be prepared to cut emissions.有资料显示，并没有多少美国可能准备以削减温室气体排放。

But the Bush administration is clearly looking for some kind of binding commitment from major developing countries such as China, India and Brazil.但布什政府显然是在寻找某种约束力的承诺，从主要的发展中国家，如中国，印度和巴西等国家。

“The US is prepared to enter into binding international obligations to reduce greenhouse gases as part of a global agreement in which all major economies similarly undertake binding international obligations,” said Mr Price, the president’s deputy national security adviser for international economic affairs. "美国已准备进入约束力的国际义务，以减少温室气体的一部分，一项全球协议中，所有主要经济体同样具有约束力的承诺的国际义务，说： "物价，总统的副国家安全顾问，为国际经济事务。

The United Nations climate process emphasises that different countries have “common but differentiated responsibilities” for climate change, which in practice has meant industrialised nations promising to cut emissions while developing countries do not.联合国气候变化过程强调说，不同的国家有"共同但有区别的责任" ，气候变化，但这种做法实际上意味着工业化国家承诺将削减温室气体排放，而发展中国家没有。

But the US officials suggested the phrase should mean something different - supporting the poorest nations, while expecting those that are developing successfully to take on some kind of obligation to cut emissions.但美国官员暗示，这句话应该是指不同的风景-支持最贫穷的国家，而期待着那些正在开发成功承担某种义务，以削减温室气体排放。

“An effective framework requires the participation of all major economies, developed and developing alike,” said Mr Price. "一个有效的框架要求所有主要经济体，包括发达国家和发展中国家在内的先生说： "价格。

“Europe and the US could turn out the lights today, and come 2030 or 2050 we would not have addressed the problem of climate change.” "欧洲和美国可能演变成灯火通明的今天，并在2030年来或2050年我们不会有解决气候变化问题的" 。

Some countries might commit to firm emissions targets while others promised energy efficiency gains, he suggested.一些国家可能会以坚定的排放指标，而其他承诺，能源效率的提高，他建议说。 Commitments could cover a country’s entire economy, or just certain sectors.承诺无法掩盖一个国家的整个经济，或者只是某些部门。

Shuffling the decks 改组列队

The notion that major developing countries might take on binding targets might prove politically difficult, suggested Philip Clapp, deputy managing director of the Pew Environment Group概念，即主要的发展中国家可能就具有约束力的目标，可能证明是政治上的困难，建议弘clapp ，副董事总经理皮尤环境组

The US wants to conclude talks before the G8 summit in Japan美国要结束会谈前，八国集团首脑会议在日本

“The White House knows that taking a binding target of comparable size [to that taken by the US or EU] is neither a negotiating option nor a physical possibility for the Chinese government,” he told BBC News. "白宫知道采取一项有约束力的目标，可比大小[该采取的是由美国或欧盟]既不是一个谈判的选择，也不是身体的可能性，为中国政府， "他告诉BBC新闻。

He also suggested that an acid test of a leaders’ declaration would be the timescale for making cuts.他还建议成立一个严峻的考验一项领导人宣言将何时作出削减。

At the last G8 summit, Japan proposed setting the goal of reducing emissions globally by 50% by 2050, a target which Daniel Price said could potentially form part of the declaration.在上届八国集团首脑会议上，日本方面提出了设定的目标，减少废气排放量，在全球范围内由50 ％ ，到2050年，一个目标，其中丹尼尔普赖斯表示，有可能形成部分的宣言。

“It’s become increasingly apparent that the Bush administration is willing to agree to a target that would take effect 40 years from now, and wants to portray that as a major accomplishment,” said Mr Clapp. "这是越来越明显的是布什政府愿意同意一个目标将生效40年从现在起，要塑造这是一个重大的成就，说： " clapp 。

“A key question is whether the administration is willing to accept binding targets that take effect before 2020, because a binding commitment that doesn’t take effect for 40 years is really just shuffling the problem off one more time.” "其中一个关键问题是政府是否愿意接受具有约束力的目标，即生效之前， 2020年，因为一个有约束力的承诺，这并不生效40年来，实在是刚刚改组的问题，掀起一个更多时间" 。

Trading plans 交易计划

The US comments stem largely from a process initiated by President Bush last year, a series of talks involving 17 nations that together account for about 80% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions.美国的评论主要来自一个进程发起的，布什总统在去年一连串的讲座，涉及17个国家加在一起占了约80 ％的世界温室气体排放量。

The “major economies” or “big emitters” group had its second meeting in Hawaii last month, and the next is scheduled for Paris in April. "大经济体"或"大排放大户"组第二次会议于夏威夷上个月，在未来预定前往巴黎4月。

Environmental groups have criticised the process as a distraction from the UN negotiations, and because the developing countries involved have much lower per capita emissions than the US.环保团体批评的过程作为一个分心，从联合国谈判，因为发展中国家所涉及的已远远低于人均排放量超过美国。

But European delegates involved in the Hawaii meeting described the mood as frank and engaging.但欧洲的代表参与在夏威夷举行形容心情坦率和从事。

The EU and US are working together within the World Trade Organization (WTO) on a proposal that all countries should slash tarriffs on trade in clean energy equipment.欧盟和美国正在共同努力，在世界贸易组织（ WTO ）的一项提案，所有国家都应该凶多吉少tarriffs贸易在清洁能源设备。

“Some countries, in particular the major developing countries, have tarriff schedules as high as 70%,” said Mr Connaughton, head of the White House Council on Environmental Quality. "有些国家，特别是主要的发展中国家，有tarriff附表高达70 ％ ，说： " connaughton ，主管白宫环境质量。

“We’re trying to get the world to eliminate tarriffs, and that could increase global trade in clean energy technologies and services by up to 14% per year. "我们正在试图获得世界消除tarriffs ，这就可以增加全球贸易在清洁能源技术和服务高达14 ％ 。

“This is the single largest step we could take immediately to transfer available technologies to the developing world at very low cost.” "这是最大的单一步骤，我们可以立即采取转让现有技术，以发展中世界处于一个极低的成本" 。

Mr Price suggested the style of dialogue between the EU and US, which he categorised as “the EU berating the US to do more”, needed to change, with both blocs working together to ensure the participation of major developing countries.问价格建议的风格之间的对话，欧盟和美国，这是他归类为"欧盟裁判的美国做更多的" ，需要转变，以双方阵营的工作，共同努力，确保参与的发展中的大国。

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