Identity Politics in Climate Change Hell身份政治在氣候變化中的地獄
By George Monbiot |由喬治monbiot |
If you want a glimpse of how the movement against climate change could crumble faster than a summer snowflake, read Ewa Jasiewicz’s article, published yesterday on the Guardian’s Comment is Free site(1).如果您想要一窺如何運動對氣候變化可能崩潰速度比夏季的雪花，閱讀ewa亞謝維奇的文章，昨天公佈的對監護人的意見，是免費的網站（ 1 ） 。 It is a fine example of the identity politics that plagued direct action movements during the 1990s, and from which the new generation of activists has so far been mercifully free.這是一個好榜樣的身份，政治困擾的直接行動運動在20世紀90年代，和從哪個新一代的活躍分子，迄今已被幸運的自由。
Ewa rightly celebrates the leaderless, autonomous model of organising that has made this movement so effective. ewa正確慶祝領袖，自治區，模型，舉辦這使得這項運動，那麼有效了。 The two climate camps I have attended – this year and last – were among the most inspiring events I’ve ever witnessed.這兩個難民營的氣候我參加過的-今年和去年-其中最令人鼓舞的事件，我從未目睹。 I am awed by the people who organised them, who managed to create, under extraordinary pressure, safe, functioning, delightful spaces in which we could debate the issues and plan the actions which thrust Heathrow and Kingsnorth into the public eye.我很敬畏，由人民誰主辦，誰管理，創造，不平凡的壓力下，安全，運作，愉快的空間在這方面，我們可以辯論的問題和計劃的行動，其中推力希思羅和kingsnorth進入公眾視線。 Climate camp is a tribute to the anarchist politics that Jasiewicz supports.氣候營是一個敬意，向無政府主義政治，亞謝維奇的支持。
But in seeking to extrapolate from this experience to a wider social plan, she makes two grave errors.但在尋求推斷從這個經驗，以更廣泛的社會計劃，她讓兩個嚴重的錯誤。 The first is to confuse ends and means.首先是混淆視聽的目的和手段。 She claims to want to stop global warming, but she makes that task 100 times harder by rejecting all state and corporate solutions.她聲稱要停止全球變暖，但她使這一任務的100倍更難拒絕了所有國家和企業的解決辦法。 It seems to me that what she really wants to do is to create an anarchist utopia, and use climate change as an excuse to engineer it.在我看來，她真正想做的事是創造一個無政府主義的烏托邦，並利用氣候變化問題作為藉口，工程師。
Stopping runaway climate change must take precedence over every other aim.停車離家出走的氣候變化必須優先於所有其他的目的。 Everyone in this movement knows that there is very little time: the window of opportunity in which we can prevent two degrees of warming is closing fast.每個人都在這個運動知道是很少時間：機會之窗，使我們可以防止2程度的變暖是快速關閉。 We have to use all the resources we can lay hands on, and these must include both governments and corporations.我們要利用一切資源，我們可以打好手中的，而這些必須既包括政府和公司。 Or perhaps she intends to build the installations required to turn the energy economy around – wind farms, wave machines, solar thermal plants in the Sahara, new grid connections and public transport systems – herself?或者她打算興建設施所需，把節約能源約-風力發電場，波機，太陽能熱利用植物在撒哈拉，新的網格連接和公共交通系統-自己呢？
Her article is a terryifying example of the ability some people have to put politics first and facts second when confronting the greatest challenge humanity now faces.她的文章是一個terryifying的例子能力，有些人把政治第一和第二的事實時，所面臨的最大挑戰，人類正面臨著。 The facts are as follows.事實如下。 Runaway climate change is bearing down on us fast.離家出走的氣候變化是影響下跌對我們的快。 We require a massive political and economic response to prevent it.我們需要一個龐大的政治和經濟的反應，以防止它。 Governments and corporations, whether we like it or not, currently control both money and power.政府和企業，不管我們喜歡與否，目前控制這兩個金錢和權力。 Unless we manage to mobilise them, we stand a snowball’s chance in climate hell of stopping the collapse of the biosphere.除非我們管理，以動員他們，我們的立場雪球的機會，在氣候地獄阻止崩潰的生物圈。 Jasiewicz would ignore all these inconvenient truths because they conflict with her politics.亞謝維奇將忽略所有這些不方便的真理，因為他們的衝突與她的政治。
“Changing our sources of energy without changing our sources of economic and political power”, she asserts, “will not make a difference. “改變我們的能源來源沒有改變我們的消息來源的經濟和政治權力” ，她斷言： “不會有差別。 Neither coal nor nuclear are the “solution”, we need a revolution.” So before we are allowed to begin cutting greenhouse gas emissions, we must first overthrow all political structures and replace them with autonomous communities of happy campers.既不是煤核，也不是“解決辦法” ，我們需要一個革命“ ，所以之前我們可以開始削減溫室氣體排放量，我們首先要推翻所有的政治結構和取代他們與自治社區快樂營。 All this must take place within a couple of months, as there is so little time in which we could prevent two degrees of warming.這一切都必須採取發生數個月，因為有這麼少的時間在這方面，我們可以防止2程度的升溫。 This is magical thinking of the most desperate kind.這是神奇的思想，最絕望的一種。 If I were an executive of E.On or Exxon, I would be delighted by this political posturing, as it provides a marvellous distraction from our real aims.如果我是一個行政權證或埃克森美孚，我會很高興這個政治姿態，因為它提供了一個絕妙的分心，從我們的真正目的。
To support her argument, Jasiewicz misrepresents what I said at climate camp.來支持她的說法，亞謝維奇歪曲什麼，我說在氣候陣營。 She claims that I “confessed not knowing where to turn next to solve the issues of how to generate the changes necessary to shift our sources of energy, production and consumption”.她聲稱我“供認不知道在哪裡接下來要解決的問題是如何產生的變化，有必要把我們的能源來源，生產和消費” 。 I confessed nothing of the kind. i供認沒有客氣。 In my book Heat I spell out what is required to bring about a 90% cut in emissions by 2030.在我的書熱i列明什麼是必須攜帶約90 ％削減的排放量到2030年。 Instead I confessed that I don’t know how to solve the problem of capitalism without resorting to totalitarianism.而不是i交待，我不知道如何解決的問題，資本主義，而不訴諸極權主義。
The issue is that capitalism involves lending money at interest.問題是，資本主義涉及貸出款項利息。 If you lend at 5%, then one of two things must happen.如果您借給5 ％ ，那麼一兩件事是一定會發生。 Either the money supply must increase by 5% or the velocity of circulation must increase by 5%.無論是貨幣供應量必須增加5 ％或速度的流通必須增加5 ％ 。 In either case, if this growth is not met by a concomitant increase in the supply of goods and services, it becomes inflationary and the system collapses.在這兩種情況下，如果這種增長是不符合由一個相伴的增加，在供應的貨物和服務，它就成為通貨膨脹和系統坍塌。 But a perpetual increase in the supply of goods and services will eventually destroy the biosphere.但永久性的增加，在供應的貨物和服務最終將摧毀生物圈保護區。 So how do we stall this process?因此，我們應如何失速這一進程？ Even when usurers were put to death and condemned to perpetual damnation, the practice couldn’t be stamped out.甚至當高利貸者提出了死刑，並譴責以永久damnation ，這種做法無法杜絕。 Only the communist states managed it, through the extreme use of the state control Ewa professes to hate.只有共產主義國家管理，通過極端利用國家控制ewa自稱恨。 I don’t yet have an answer to this conundrum.我尚未有回答這個難題。 Does she?難道她？
Yes, let us fight both corporate power and the undemocratic tendencies of the state.是的，讓我們的鬥爭雙方企業的權力和不民主的傾向國家。 Yes, let us try to crack the problem of capitalism and then fight for a different system.是的，讓我們嘗試破解的問題，資本主義，然後爭取一個不同的制度。 But let us not confuse this task with the immediate need to stop two degrees of warming, or allow it to interfere with the carbon cuts that have to begin now.但讓我們不要混淆這項任務需要立即停止兩程度的氣候變暖，或允許它干擾與碳削減必須現在就開始。
Ewa’s second grave error is to imagine that society could be turned into a giant climate camp. ewa的第二個嚴重的錯誤是想像的社會可以變成一個巨大的氣候陣營。 Anarchism is a great means of organising a self-elected community of like-minded people.無政府主義是一個偉大的手段，舉辦自我當選社區類似想法的人。 It is a disastrous means of organising a planet.這是一個災難性的手段，舉辦一個星球。 Most anarchists envisage their system as the means by which the oppressed can free themselves from persecution.最無政府主義者設想他們的系統為手段，其中被壓迫可以免費自己免受迫害。 But if everyone is to be free from the coercive power of the state, this must apply to the oppressors as well as the oppressed.但如果每個人都必須免費從強制力的國家，這一點必須適用於壓迫者，以及為受壓迫。 The richest and most powerful communities on earth – be they geographical communities or communities of interest – will be as unrestrained by external forces as the poorest and weakest.最富有和最強大的社區在地球上-無論是地理上的社區或社區的利益-將作為無節制的外部勢力作為最窮和最弱的。 As a friend of mine put it, “when the anarchist utopia arrives, the first thing that will happen is that every Daily Mail reader in the country will pick up a gun and go and kill the nearest hippy.”作為一個朋友，排雷把它“當無政府主義烏托邦來臨之際，第一件事會發生，就是每一個每日郵報的讀者在該國將拿起手槍去殺人，最接近的嬉皮” 。
This is why, though both sides furiously deny it, the outcome of both market fundamentalism and anarchism, if applied universally, is identical.這就是為什麼，雖然雙方都拼命地否認，結果雙方的市場原教旨主義和無政府主義，如果普遍適用，是一致的。 The anarchists associate with the oppressed, the market fundamentalists with the oppressors.該無政府主義者準與被壓迫者，市場原教旨主義與壓迫者。 But by eliminating the state, both remove such restraints as prevent the strong from crushing the weak.但通過消除國家，無論是消除這種限制，為防止強烈的從破碎的薄弱。 Ours is not a choice between government and no government.我們是不是一種選擇之間的政府和沒有政府。 It is a choice between government and the mafia.這是一個選擇，政府與黑手黨。
Over the past year I have been working with groups of climate protesters who have changed my view of what could be achieved.在過去的一年裡，我一直工作與群體的氣候示威誰改變了我的看法是什麼是可以實現的。 Most of them are under 30, and they bring to this issue a clear-headedness and pragmatism that I have never encountered in direct action movements before.他們大多是30歲，和他們帶來了這個問題一個清晰的頭腦和務實精神，我從未遇到過的直接行動，運動前。 They are prepared to take extraordinary risks to try to defend the biosphere from the corporations, governments and social trends which threaten to make it uninhabitable.他們準備採取不平凡的風險，設法捍衛生物圈保護區從企業，政府和社會趨勢的威脅，使其無法居住。 They do so for one reason only: that they love the world and fear for its future.他們這樣做的原因之一，只有：他們愛世界和恐懼，為自己的未來。 It would be a tragedy if, through the efforts of people like Ewa, they were to be diverted from this urgent task into the identity politics that have wrecked so many movements.這將是一場悲劇，如果通過努力的人一樣ewa ，他們須改道從這個緊迫的任務納入身份政治已破壞了這麼多的動作。
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