Tuesday, June 3rd, 2008 週二， 2008年6月3日 
By通過 Alexander Zaitchik亞歷山大zaitchik | With key medical marijuana ballot initiatives likely to pass, and a more pot-friendly majority in Congress, there is room for optimism. |與主要藥用大麻的選票倡議可能通過，和一個更盆栽友好多數在國會，仍有樂觀。 You have to hand it to the Republican National Committee: Those guys really know how to pick the wrong fight.John McCain, already running against the public opinion grain in support of the Iraq War and Bush tax cuts, received no help from headquarters last month when the RNC made medical marijuana a campaign issue.你必須一方面向共和黨全國委員會：那些傢伙真的知道如何選擇是錯誤的fight.john麥凱恩，已經運行了對民意的糧食在支持伊拉克戰爭和布什的減稅計劃，沒有得到幫助從總部上個月當共和黨全國委員會所作的醫用大麻的運動問題。 After Barack Obama told an Oregon weekly that he would end federal raids on medical marijuana users and providers in states with compassionate use laws, the RNC pounced.之後，巴拉克奧巴馬說，俄勒岡州的每週一，他將結束聯邦突擊搜查醫用大麻的使用者和提供者在國家與體恤運用法律，共和黨全國委員會pounced 。 Obama’s position, said an RNC statement, “reveals that (he) doesn’t have the experience necessary to do the job of President (and) lacks the judgment to carry out the most basic functions of the Executive Branch.” Because the Supreme Court has ruled that federal drug laws trump state drug laws, the RNC reasons that halting federal raids would be tantamount to ignoring the law.奧巴馬的立場時說，一個共和黨全國委員會聲明“ ，表明， （他）沒有經驗，要做好的工作，主席（和）缺乏的判斷進行最基本的職能，行政部門” ，因為最高法院已經裁定，聯邦藥物法律王牌國家的禁毒法律，共和黨全國委員會的原因，停止聯邦突擊搜查便等於無視法律。
They’re right.他們的權利。 But the RNC might want to get some new pollsters.但共和黨全國委員會可能希望獲得一些新的民意調查。 What they and their candidates don’t seem to realize is that a steadily shrinking minority of Americans oppose the controlled medicinal use of cannabis — around 20 percent, according to the last Gallup poll.是什麼，他們和他們的候選人似乎並沒有實現這是一個穩步萎縮，少數的美國人反對控制藥用使用大麻-2 0％左右，根據最新的蓋洛普民意測驗。 It’sa safe bet that an even smaller number considers paramilitary raids on the homes of peaceful cancer patients to be among the “basic function of the Executive Branch.” During the New Hampshire primary, every Democratic candidate recognized this political reality by promising to end federal harassment of state-approved medical marijuana facilities and users.這是安全的打賭一更小的數目，認為準軍事突擊搜查的家園和平癌症病人能躋身“的基本職能，行政部門”期間，新州預選，每一個民主黨候選人承認這個政治現實，承諾結束聯邦騷擾國家批准的醫用大麻的設施和用戶。 Republican candidates Tom Tancredo and Ron Paul pledged the same.共和黨候選人湯姆坦克雷多和羅恩保羅承諾相同。
And John McCain?和麥凱恩？ When pressed by activists from the group Granite Staters for Medical Marijuana, the Arizona senator responded in lockstep with most of his GOP peers, sounding less like a maverick than a Reagan-era after-school special.當壓力活動家從組花崗岩staters醫療大麻，亞利桑那州參議員回應，同步與他的大部分共和黨同儕，冠冕堂皇的不足像一個特立獨行的比裡根時代的放學後的特別。 “I do not support the use of marijuana for medical purposes,” McCain said. “我不支持使用大麻用於醫療目的， ”麥凱恩說。 “I believe that marijuana is a gateway drug. “我相信，大麻是一種毒品的門戶。 That is my view, and that’s the view of the federal drug czar and other experts.”這是我的看法，認為的看法，聯邦藥物沙皇和其他專家“ 。
Given current trend lines, it may not be long before it’s possible to count McCain’s “other experts” on two hands.鑑於目前的趨勢線，它可能不會很長，才可能指望麥凱恩的“其他專家”就兩隻手。 In February, the 125,000-member American College of Physicians, the second-largest physicians group in the country, published a position paper endorsing the merits of medical marijuana and recommending the end of marijuana’s classification as a Schedule 1 drug.今年2月， 12.5萬會員的美國醫師學院，第二大組的醫師在該國，發表了一份立場書，贊同的優點，醫用大麻，並建議年底大麻的分類作為一個附表1藥物。 “The ACP endorsement is massive,” says Bruce Mirken of the Marijuana Policy Project, a Washington, DC-based lobbying group. “機場核心計劃是通過大規模，說： ”布魯斯mirken的大麻政策的項目，華盛頓哥倫比亞特區為基礎的遊說團體。 “It blows to splinters the assertion that the medical community doesn’t support medicinal cannabis.” “打擊碎片斷言醫學界不支持藥用大麻” 。
As goes the ACP, so may go the American Medical Association, an endorsement from which would leave the anti-medical marijuana position of the Food and Drug Administration very lonely indeed.作為雲機場核心計劃的，所以可能會去美國醫學協會，通過從哪個會離開反醫用大麻的立場，美國食品和藥物管理局確實很寂寞。
To its credit, the country has not waited for the medical establishment before moving forward on marijuana policy reform.其信用，該國已沒有等待醫療機構前，向前邁進的對大麻的政策改革。 Over the last decade, support for compassionate use laws and broader decriminalization efforts has been growing, if not at weed’s pace, then fast enough for one veteran marijuana reform lobbyist to now speak of being “within striking distance of a national tipping point.”在過去十年間，支持體恤使用的法律和更廣泛的非刑事化的努力一直在增長，如果不是在雜草的步伐，那麼，不夠快，為一位資深大麻改革遊說，以現在可就被“攻擊的距離，一個國家轉折點。 “
Since California passed Proposition 215 legalizing medical marijuana in 1996, an average of one state per year has followed suit, some through ballot initiatives, others through legislation.自美國加州通過命題215醫用大麻合法化，在1996年，平均一個國家，每年有效法，一些通過選票的倡議，其他通過立法。 Even in states that have yet to enact reform, a flurry of bills has been introduced.即使在國家尚未制定改革，一系列的法案已提交。 This activity hasn’t been limited to usual-suspect states like Oregon and Vermont.這項活動不僅限於一般的-懷疑國家一樣，俄勒岡州和佛蒙特州。 Recent years have seen medical marijuana laws introduced in Ohio, Alabama, Missouri and Tennessee.近年來所看到的醫用大麻的法律介紹了在俄亥俄州，阿拉巴馬州，密蘇里州和田納西州。 In staunchly conservative South Carolina, it was a Republican state senator, whose wife lost a battle with brain cancer, who introduced his state’s medical marijuana bill.在堅定不移地保守，南卡羅來納州，這是一個共和黨州參議員的妻子失去了戰鬥與腦癌，誰介紹了他的國家的醫用大麻條例草案。 In Texas, the state government last year passed a bill that is a halfway house for decriminalization, allowing police to issue citations instead of arresting adults who possess less than 4 ounces of marijuana.在德克薩斯州，州政府去年通過一項法案，這是一個中途之家為除罪化，讓警方發出嘉獎，而非逮捕的成年人誰擁有不到4盎司的大麻。
The next big test on the horizon is the Midwestern swing state of Michigan, where voters in November will decide on a medical marijuana law, the first such statewide ballot initiative since South Dakotans narrowly rejected theirs in 2006.下一個大考驗在地平線上是中西部擺動狀態，密歇根州，那裡的選民在11月將決定一個醫用大麻的規定，第一等州選票的倡議以來，南dakotans狹義拒絕了他們在2006年。 If passed, Michigan will be the only state with its geographical and electoral profile to pass a medical marijuana law.如果獲得通過，美國密歇根州將成為唯一的國家與它的地理和選舉的個人資料通過藥用大麻的法律。 According to the Inside Michigan Politics newsletter, polls show two-thirds voter support.根據美國密歇根州內的政治時事通訊，民意調查顯示，有三分之二選民的支持。 “Michigan looks set to become the 13th medical marijuana state this November,” says Rob Kampia, executive director of the Marijuana Policy Project. “看來，美國密歇根州將成為第13屆醫用大麻國家今年11月，說： ”白俄羅斯共和國kampia ，執行主任大麻的政策項目。
The other big initiative in November will appear on ballots in Massachusetts.其他大的主動權，十一月將出現在選票在馬薩諸塞州。 If passed, the maximum penalty for possession of up to an ounce of marijuana in the Bay State would drop from up to six months in jail and a $500 fine to a $100 civil fine.如果獲得通過，最高刑罰為藏有最多一盎司的大麻，在海灣國家將下降最多6個月的監禁和500美元的罰款，以100美元的民事罰款。
There is also still a chance that the New York state legislature will take up medical marijuana this session, a move that would enjoy overwhelming in-state support.也有仍然有機會說，新紐約州立法會，採取了醫用大麻本次會議，這一舉措將得到壓倒在國家的支持。 Post-Giuliani New York City is the marijuana arrest capital of the world, with nearly 40,000 arrests in 2007 alone.後朱利亞尼新的紐約市是大麻，逮捕資本的世界，近4.0萬人被捕，僅在2007年。 The situation has gotten so out of hand that the New York Times recently urged Gov. David Paterson to take the lead in drug policy reform.情況已得到了出來，使手說， 新紐約時報最近敦促州長大衛百德新，以起帶頭作用的藥物政策的改革。 Few governors are better positioned to do this than Paterson, who is not only on good terms with state Republican leaders, but has the moral authority that comes from suffering from glaucoma, a painful condition known to be alleviated by marijuana.數省長是更好地定位於這樣做，比百德新，誰是不僅對良好的條件與國家共和黨領導人，但有道德權威來自患有青光眼，一個痛苦的條件，眾所周知，減輕大麻。 Before becoming governor, Paterson was a leading activist for drug policy reform and was once arrested protesting the draconian and racially biased Rockefeller Drug Laws, which turn a brittle 35 this year.之前，成為總督，百德新是一個領導活動家藥物政策改革和曾經被捕，抗議惡法和種族偏見的洛克菲勒毒品法，其中又脆，這35年。 (Incidentally, the Drug Enforcement Agency is celebrating the same birthday in 2008, its website proudly declaring “35 Years of Excellence.”) （順便一提，毒品執法機構，是慶祝生日，同時在2008年，其網站上自豪地宣布“ 35年的卓越” ） 。
But whatever happens inside Michigan, Massachusetts and New York, the 2005 Supreme Court decision in Gonzales v. Raich still leaves marijuana users open to federal prosecution under the Controlled Substances Act.但無論發生什麼事情內的密歇根州，馬薩諸塞州和紐約， 2005年最高法院的決定， 岡薩雷斯訴raich仍有大麻使用者開啟聯邦檢控下，受控物質的行為。 As highlighted by the RNC statement critical of Obama’s pledge, this decision will continue to undermine state- and local-level reforms until Congress changes federal law.正如所強調的共和黨全國委員會發表聲明批評奧巴馬的承諾，這項決定將繼續破壞國家和地方一級的改革，直到國會的變化，聯邦法律。 Although only 1 percent of marijuana cases are prosecuted at the federal level, DEA raids on patients, caregivers and providers have been on the rise in states that have passed medical marijuana laws.雖然只有1 ％的大麻案件被檢控，在聯邦一級， DEA的掃蕩行動對病人，看護者和供應商一直在上升，國家已通過藥用大麻的法律。 This is especially true of California and Oregon, where in many cases individual patients have been detained and terrorized.這是尤其如此，加利福尼亞州和俄勒岡州，那裡在許多情況下，個別病人已被拘留和恐嚇。 In Los Angeles, the DEA has begun threatening the owners of buildings used for medical marijuana activities with seizure of their property, a development the Los Angeles Times has called “a deplorable new bullying tactic.” According to Mirken, “The DEA has become the single largest obstacle to effective regulation of (medical marijuana) establishments.”在洛杉磯， DEA方法已開始威脅到建築物業主醫療用大麻的活動與扣押其財產，發展洛杉磯時報已被稱為“可悲的新欺凌的策略。 ”據mirken “的DEA已成為單一的最大的障礙，以有效地規管（醫用大麻）的機構“ 。
At the moment there are three bills in Congress that seek to put a stop to these raids and set a precedent for federal-level reform.目前有三個法案在國會尋求把制止這些襲擊，並開創了一個先例，為聯邦一級的改革。
The young granddaddy of this legislation is the bipartisan Hinchey-Rohrabacher Amendment, which has been introduced every year since 2003.青年granddaddy這條法例是由兩黨組成的hinchey - rohrabacher的修訂，已實行每年自2003年以來。 Essentially, the amendment would strip the Department of Justice of funds to prosecute medical marijuana cases in states that have medical marijuana laws on the books.基本上，該修正案將帶律政司的資金起訴醫用大麻案件，在國家有藥用大麻的法律書籍。 Named after Rep. Maurice Hinchey, DN.Y., and Rep. Dana Rohrabacher, R-Calif., the legislation wouldn’t legalize marijuana at the federal level or prevent the feds from prosecuting medical marijuana use in states without medical marijuana laws.命名後，眾議員莫里斯hinchey ， dn.y. ，和眾議員達納rohrabacher ，的R -加州，法例不會大麻合法化，在聯邦一級或防止聯邦調查局起訴的醫療使用大麻，在國家沒有藥用大麻的法律。 It would simply enforce respect for state marijuana laws.它想簡單地執行，尊重國家大麻法律。 When first introduced in 2003, Hinchey-Rohrabacher received 152 votes.時，首先介紹了在2003年， hinchey - rohrabacher收到的152票。 Last year, that number had risen to 165.去年，這一數字已經上升到165 。 Later this summer, Congress will tackle the amendment again when it votes on the Department of Justice Appropriations bill.今年夏天晚些時候，全國人大將針對再次修訂時，票就律政司的撥款法案。 Reform advocates hope the amendment will benefit from racking up endorsements from groups like the right-leaning Citizens Against Government Waste, which came out in favor of Hinchey-Rohrabacher as a way for Congress to “start sending a signal that its priorities are in order.”改革的主張，希望修訂將有利於從傷透了簽注的團體一樣，右傾公民反對政府浪費，這出來，在有利於hinchey - rohrabacher的一種方式，為代表大會“開始發出了一個信號，其優先事項是在秩序。 “
But every year so far has been a 10-yard fight, and its sponsors don’t expect that to change this year.但每年至今已10碼的鬥爭，及其贊助者不期望改變這種年。 “This will continue to be a tough battle,” says Jeff Lieberson, Hinchey’s spokesperson. “這將繼續是一個硬仗，說： ”傑夫利伯森， hinchey的發言人。 “Many politicians are still behind the voters on this issue.” Other analysts also warn against high expectations, pointing out that the timing is especially unfavorable for drug policy reform at the federal level. “許多政客仍然是背後的選民在這個問題上。 ”其他分析家也警告，對很高的期望，他指出，時機，特別是不利於藥物政策改革，在聯邦一級。
“The movement on this issue in 2008 is going to be almost nonexistent because politicians are focused on the election,” says Alex Coolman, a former attorney with the Drug Policy Alliance and author of the Drug Law Blog. “運動就這個問題在2008年將會成為幾乎不存在，因為政治人物都集中在選舉，說： ”徐家coolman ，前律政司與藥物政策聯盟和作者對毒品的法律博客。 “Nobody in Washington wants to do anything that could be perceived as controversial.” “沒有人在華盛頓希望做任何可能被視為具爭議性” 。
In April, Hinchey-Rohrabacher was joined by two other marijuana policy reform bills, both co-sponsored by Barney Frank, D-Mass., and Ron Paul, R-Texas.今年4月， hinchey - rohrabacher加入了其他兩個大麻政策改革法案方面，雙方共同主辦的巴尼弗蘭克， d-mass. ，和羅恩保羅，的R -德克薩斯州。 HR5842, the Medical Marijuana Patient Protection Act, would deny the federal government the right to employ the Controlled Substances Act to intervene in states that have legalized medical marijuana; it would also remove marijuana from the list of Schedule 1 drugs. hr5842 ，醫用大麻的病人保護法，會否認美國聯邦政府有權聘請受控物質的行為進行干預，在國家有藥用大麻合法化，它也將移除大麻從名單附表1毒品。 HR5843, meanwhile, known as the Personal Use of Marijuana by Responsible Adults Act, would effectively decriminalize possession of up to 1 ounce. hr5843 ，與此同時，被稱為個人使用大麻負責任的成年人的行為，能有效地除罪化藏有高達1美元。 “We’re in the early stages here,” says Frank spokesperson Peter Kovar. “我們正在在早期階段，在這裡，說： ”坦率的發言人彼得伐。 “Nothing like this ever comes quick.” “沒有喜歡這個以往任何時候都來快速” 。
But it may be coming more quickly than some people expect.但它可能是未來更迅速，比一些人的期望。 “All the indicators are prompting in the right direction,” says Kampia. “所有的指標都提示在正確的方向，說： ” kampia 。 “Every major new ballot initiative looks set to pass. “每一次重大的新倡議，在選票上看起來設置為通過。 Infrastructure is growing: email lists, organizations, allies — it’s across the board.基礎設施是越來越多：電子郵件清單，組織，盟國-它的全國委員會。 Public opinion is moving steadily in favor of decriminalization.民意正在穩步推進，有利於非刑事化。 State laws are moving forward, and none are going backward.國家法律是向前邁進，並沒有要落後。 We’re constantly picking up votes in the House.我們正在不斷復甦，票在眾議院中。 The 110th is the most supportive Congress we’ve ever had.” 110是最支持國會，我們過了“ 。
If the RNC keeps attacking Democrats on medical marijuana, the 111th will be that much better.如果共和黨全國委員會不斷攻擊民主黨對藥用大麻，第111會認為好得多。
See More: 看到更多的： Culture 文化 Drugs 藥物 USA News 美國新聞 Have Your Say: Indicators Point to a Softening of America’s Marijuana Laws 你說：指標指向軟化美國的大麻的法律 Please note, only selected comments will be published.請注意，只有選定的評論將出版。 Or discuss this report in our new forums 或討論這個報告在我們的新論壇 RSS 的RSS TrackBack URL 跟踪 RUI
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