Tuesday, June 3rd, 2008 周二， 2008年6月3日 
By通过 Alexander Zaitchik亚历山大zaitchik | With key medical marijuana ballot initiatives likely to pass, and a more pot-friendly majority in Congress, there is room for optimism. |与主要药用大麻的选票倡议可能通过，和一个更盆栽友好多数在国会，仍有乐观。 You have to hand it to the Republican National Committee: Those guys really know how to pick the wrong fight.John McCain, already running against the public opinion grain in support of the Iraq War and Bush tax cuts, received no help from headquarters last month when the RNC made medical marijuana a campaign issue.你必须一方面向共和党全国委员会：那些家伙真的知道如何选择是错误的fight.john麦凯恩，已经运行了对民意的粮食在支持伊拉克战争和布什的减税计划，没有得到帮助从总部上个月当共和党全国委员会所作的医用大麻的运动问题。 After Barack Obama told an Oregon weekly that he would end federal raids on medical marijuana users and providers in states with compassionate use laws, the RNC pounced.之后，巴拉克奥巴马说，俄勒冈州的每周一，他将结束联邦突击搜查医用大麻的使用者和提供者在国家与体恤运用法律，共和党全国委员会pounced 。 Obama’s position, said an RNC statement, “reveals that (he) doesn’t have the experience necessary to do the job of President (and) lacks the judgment to carry out the most basic functions of the Executive Branch.” Because the Supreme Court has ruled that federal drug laws trump state drug laws, the RNC reasons that halting federal raids would be tantamount to ignoring the law.奥巴马的立场时说，一个共和党全国委员会声明“ ，表明， （他）没有经验，要做好的工作，主席（和）缺乏的判断进行最基本的职能，行政部门” ，因为最高法院已经裁定，联邦药物法律王牌国家的禁毒法律，共和党全国委员会的原因，停止联邦突击搜查便等于无视法律。
They’re right.他们的权利。 But the RNC might want to get some new pollsters.但共和党全国委员会可能希望获得一些新的民意调查。 What they and their candidates don’t seem to realize is that a steadily shrinking minority of Americans oppose the controlled medicinal use of cannabis — around 20 percent, according to the last Gallup poll.是什么，他们和他们的候选人似乎并没有实现这是一个稳步萎缩，少数的美国人反对控制药用使用大麻-2 0％左右，根据最新的盖洛普民意测验。 It’sa safe bet that an even smaller number considers paramilitary raids on the homes of peaceful cancer patients to be among the “basic function of the Executive Branch.” During the New Hampshire primary, every Democratic candidate recognized this political reality by promising to end federal harassment of state-approved medical marijuana facilities and users.这是安全的打赌一更小的数目，认为准军事突击搜查的家园和平癌症病人能跻身“的基本职能，行政部门”期间，新州预选，每一个民主党候选人承认这个政治现实，承诺结束联邦骚扰国家批准的医用大麻的设施和用户。 Republican candidates Tom Tancredo and Ron Paul pledged the same.共和党候选人汤姆坦克雷多和罗恩保罗承诺相同。
And John McCain?和麦凯恩？ When pressed by activists from the group Granite Staters for Medical Marijuana, the Arizona senator responded in lockstep with most of his GOP peers, sounding less like a maverick than a Reagan-era after-school special.当压力活动家从组花岗岩staters医疗大麻，亚利桑那州参议员回应，同步与他的大部分共和党同侪，冠冕堂皇的不足像一个特立独行的比里根时代的放学后的特别。 “I do not support the use of marijuana for medical purposes,” McCain said. “我不支持使用大麻用于医疗目的， ”麦凯恩说。 “I believe that marijuana is a gateway drug. “我相信，大麻是一种毒品的门户。 That is my view, and that’s the view of the federal drug czar and other experts.”这是我的看法，认为的看法，联邦药物沙皇和其他专家“ 。
Given current trend lines, it may not be long before it’s possible to count McCain’s “other experts” on two hands.鉴于目前的趋势线，它可能不会很长，才可能指望麦凯恩的“其他专家”就两只手。 In February, the 125,000-member American College of Physicians, the second-largest physicians group in the country, published a position paper endorsing the merits of medical marijuana and recommending the end of marijuana’s classification as a Schedule 1 drug.今年2月， 12.5万会员的美国医师学院，第二大组的医师在该国，发表了一份立场书，赞同的优点，医用大麻，并建议年底大麻的分类作为一个附表1药物。 “The ACP endorsement is massive,” says Bruce Mirken of the Marijuana Policy Project, a Washington, DC-based lobbying group. “机场核心计划是通过大规模，说： ”布鲁斯mirken的大麻政策的项目，华盛顿哥伦比亚特区为基础的游说团体。 “It blows to splinters the assertion that the medical community doesn’t support medicinal cannabis.” “打击碎片断言医学界不支持药用大麻” 。
As goes the ACP, so may go the American Medical Association, an endorsement from which would leave the anti-medical marijuana position of the Food and Drug Administration very lonely indeed.作为云机场核心计划的，所以可能会去美国医学协会，通过从哪个会离开反医用大麻的立场，美国食品和药物管理局确实很寂寞。
To its credit, the country has not waited for the medical establishment before moving forward on marijuana policy reform.其信用，该国已没有等待医疗机构前，向前迈进的对大麻的政策改革。 Over the last decade, support for compassionate use laws and broader decriminalization efforts has been growing, if not at weed’s pace, then fast enough for one veteran marijuana reform lobbyist to now speak of being “within striking distance of a national tipping point.”在过去十年间，支持体恤使用的法律和更广泛的非刑事化的努力一直在增长，如果不是在杂草的步伐，那么，不够快，为一位资深大麻改革游说，以现在可就被“攻击的距离，一个国家转折点。 “
Since California passed Proposition 215 legalizing medical marijuana in 1996, an average of one state per year has followed suit, some through ballot initiatives, others through legislation.自美国加州通过命题215医用大麻合法化，在1996年，平均一个国家，每年有效法，一些通过选票的倡议，其他通过立法。 Even in states that have yet to enact reform, a flurry of bills has been introduced.即使在国家尚未制定改革，一系列的法案已提交。 This activity hasn’t been limited to usual-suspect states like Oregon and Vermont.这项活动不仅限于一般的-怀疑国家一样，俄勒冈州和佛蒙特州。 Recent years have seen medical marijuana laws introduced in Ohio, Alabama, Missouri and Tennessee.近年来所看到的医用大麻的法律介绍了在俄亥俄州，阿拉巴马州，密苏里州和田纳西州。 In staunchly conservative South Carolina, it was a Republican state senator, whose wife lost a battle with brain cancer, who introduced his state’s medical marijuana bill.在坚定不移地保守，南卡罗来纳州，这是一个共和党州参议员的妻子失去了战斗与脑癌，谁介绍了他的国家的医用大麻条例草案。 In Texas, the state government last year passed a bill that is a halfway house for decriminalization, allowing police to issue citations instead of arresting adults who possess less than 4 ounces of marijuana.在德克萨斯州，州政府去年通过一项法案，这是一个中途之家为除罪化，让警方发出嘉奖，而非逮捕的成年人谁拥有不到4盎司的大麻。
The next big test on the horizon is the Midwestern swing state of Michigan, where voters in November will decide on a medical marijuana law, the first such statewide ballot initiative since South Dakotans narrowly rejected theirs in 2006.下一个大考验在地平线上是中西部摆动状态，密歇根州，那里的选民在11月将决定一个医用大麻的规定，第一等州选票的倡议以来，南dakotans狭义拒绝了他们在2006年。 If passed, Michigan will be the only state with its geographical and electoral profile to pass a medical marijuana law.如果获得通过，美国密歇根州将成为唯一的国家与它的地理和选举的个人资料通过药用大麻的法律。 According to the Inside Michigan Politics newsletter, polls show two-thirds voter support.根据美国密歇根州内的政治时事通讯，民意调查显示，有三分之二选民的支持。 “Michigan looks set to become the 13th medical marijuana state this November,” says Rob Kampia, executive director of the Marijuana Policy Project. “看来，美国密歇根州将成为第13届医用大麻国家今年11月，说： ”白俄罗斯共和国kampia ，执行主任大麻的政策项目。
The other big initiative in November will appear on ballots in Massachusetts.其他大的主动权，十一月将出现在选票在马萨诸塞州。 If passed, the maximum penalty for possession of up to an ounce of marijuana in the Bay State would drop from up to six months in jail and a $500 fine to a $100 civil fine.如果获得通过，最高刑罚为藏有最多一盎司的大麻，在海湾国家将下降最多6个月的监禁和500美元的罚款，以100美元的民事罚款。
There is also still a chance that the New York state legislature will take up medical marijuana this session, a move that would enjoy overwhelming in-state support.也有仍然有机会说，新纽约州立法会，采取了医用大麻本次会议，这一举措将得到压倒在国家的支持。 Post-Giuliani New York City is the marijuana arrest capital of the world, with nearly 40,000 arrests in 2007 alone.后朱利亚尼新的纽约市是大麻，逮捕资本的世界，近4.0万人被捕，仅在2007年。 The situation has gotten so out of hand that the New York Times recently urged Gov. David Paterson to take the lead in drug policy reform.情况已得到了出来，使手说， 新纽约时报最近敦促州长大卫百德新，以起带头作用的药物政策的改革。 Few governors are better positioned to do this than Paterson, who is not only on good terms with state Republican leaders, but has the moral authority that comes from suffering from glaucoma, a painful condition known to be alleviated by marijuana.数省长是更好地定位于这样做，比百德新，谁是不仅对良好的条件与国家共和党领导人，但有道德权威来自患有青光眼，一个痛苦的条件，众所周知，减轻大麻。 Before becoming governor, Paterson was a leading activist for drug policy reform and was once arrested protesting the draconian and racially biased Rockefeller Drug Laws, which turn a brittle 35 this year.之前，成为总督，百德新是一个领导活动家药物政策改革和曾经被捕，抗议恶法和种族偏见的洛克菲勒毒品法，其中又脆，这35年。 (Incidentally, the Drug Enforcement Agency is celebrating the same birthday in 2008, its website proudly declaring “35 Years of Excellence.”) （顺便一提，毒品执法机构，是庆祝生日，同时在2008年，其网站上自豪地宣布“ 35年的卓越” ） 。
But whatever happens inside Michigan, Massachusetts and New York, the 2005 Supreme Court decision in Gonzales v. Raich still leaves marijuana users open to federal prosecution under the Controlled Substances Act.但无论发生什么事情内的密歇根州，马萨诸塞州和纽约， 2005年最高法院的决定， 冈萨雷斯诉raich仍有大麻使用者开启联邦检控下，受控物质的行为。 As highlighted by the RNC statement critical of Obama’s pledge, this decision will continue to undermine state- and local-level reforms until Congress changes federal law.正如所强调的共和党全国委员会发表声明批评奥巴马的承诺，这项决定将继续破坏国家和地方一级的改革，直到国会的变化，联邦法律。 Although only 1 percent of marijuana cases are prosecuted at the federal level, DEA raids on patients, caregivers and providers have been on the rise in states that have passed medical marijuana laws.虽然只有1 ％的大麻案件被检控，在联邦一级， DEA的扫荡行动对病人，看护者和供应商一直在上升，国家已通过药用大麻的法律。 This is especially true of California and Oregon, where in many cases individual patients have been detained and terrorized.这是尤其如此，加利福尼亚州和俄勒冈州，那里在许多情况下，个别病人已被拘留和恐吓。 In Los Angeles, the DEA has begun threatening the owners of buildings used for medical marijuana activities with seizure of their property, a development the Los Angeles Times has called “a deplorable new bullying tactic.” According to Mirken, “The DEA has become the single largest obstacle to effective regulation of (medical marijuana) establishments.”在洛杉矶， DEA方法已开始威胁到建筑物业主医疗用大麻的活动与扣押其财产，发展洛杉矶时报已被称为“可悲的新欺凌的策略。 ”据mirken “的DEA已成为单一的最大的障碍，以有效地规管（医用大麻）的机构“ 。
At the moment there are three bills in Congress that seek to put a stop to these raids and set a precedent for federal-level reform.目前有三个法案在国会寻求把制止这些袭击，并开创了一个先例，为联邦一级的改革。
The young granddaddy of this legislation is the bipartisan Hinchey-Rohrabacher Amendment, which has been introduced every year since 2003.青年granddaddy这条法例是由两党组成的hinchey - rohrabacher的修订，已实行每年自2003年以来。 Essentially, the amendment would strip the Department of Justice of funds to prosecute medical marijuana cases in states that have medical marijuana laws on the books.基本上，该修正案将带律政司的资金起诉医用大麻案件，在国家有药用大麻的法律书籍。 Named after Rep. Maurice Hinchey, DN.Y., and Rep. Dana Rohrabacher, R-Calif., the legislation wouldn’t legalize marijuana at the federal level or prevent the feds from prosecuting medical marijuana use in states without medical marijuana laws.命名后，众议员莫里斯hinchey ， dn.y. ，和众议员达纳rohrabacher ，的R -加州，法例不会大麻合法化，在联邦一级或防止联邦调查局起诉的医疗使用大麻，在国家没有药用大麻的法律。 It would simply enforce respect for state marijuana laws.它想简单地执行，尊重国家大麻法律。 When first introduced in 2003, Hinchey-Rohrabacher received 152 votes.时，首先介绍了在2003年， hinchey - rohrabacher收到的152票。 Last year, that number had risen to 165.去年，这一数字已经上升到165 。 Later this summer, Congress will tackle the amendment again when it votes on the Department of Justice Appropriations bill.今年夏天晚些时候，全国人大将针对再次修订时，票就律政司的拨款法案。 Reform advocates hope the amendment will benefit from racking up endorsements from groups like the right-leaning Citizens Against Government Waste, which came out in favor of Hinchey-Rohrabacher as a way for Congress to “start sending a signal that its priorities are in order.”改革的主张，希望修订将有利于从伤透了签注的团体一样，右倾公民反对政府浪费，这出来，在有利于hinchey - rohrabacher的一种方式，为代表大会“开始发出了一个信号，其优先事项是在秩序。 “
But every year so far has been a 10-yard fight, and its sponsors don’t expect that to change this year.但每年至今已10码的斗争，及其赞助者不期望改变这种年。 “This will continue to be a tough battle,” says Jeff Lieberson, Hinchey’s spokesperson. “这将继续是一个硬仗，说： ”杰夫利伯森， hinchey的发言人。 “Many politicians are still behind the voters on this issue.” Other analysts also warn against high expectations, pointing out that the timing is especially unfavorable for drug policy reform at the federal level. “许多政客仍然是背后的选民在这个问题上。 ”其他分析家也警告，对很高的期望，他指出，时机，特别是不利于药物政策改革，在联邦一级。
“The movement on this issue in 2008 is going to be almost nonexistent because politicians are focused on the election,” says Alex Coolman, a former attorney with the Drug Policy Alliance and author of the Drug Law Blog. “运动就这个问题在2008年将会成为几乎不存在，因为政治人物都集中在选举，说： ”徐家coolman ，前律政司与药物政策联盟和作者对毒品的法律博客。 “Nobody in Washington wants to do anything that could be perceived as controversial.” “没有人在华盛顿希望做任何可能被视为具争议性” 。
In April, Hinchey-Rohrabacher was joined by two other marijuana policy reform bills, both co-sponsored by Barney Frank, D-Mass., and Ron Paul, R-Texas.今年4月， hinchey - rohrabacher加入了其他两个大麻政策改革法案方面，双方共同主办的巴尼弗兰克， d-mass. ，和罗恩保罗，的R -德克萨斯州。 HR5842, the Medical Marijuana Patient Protection Act, would deny the federal government the right to employ the Controlled Substances Act to intervene in states that have legalized medical marijuana; it would also remove marijuana from the list of Schedule 1 drugs. hr5842 ，医用大麻的病人保护法，会否认美国联邦政府有权聘请受控物质的行为进行干预，在国家有药用大麻合法化，它也将移除大麻从名单附表1毒品。 HR5843, meanwhile, known as the Personal Use of Marijuana by Responsible Adults Act, would effectively decriminalize possession of up to 1 ounce. hr5843 ，与此同时，被称为个人使用大麻负责任的成年人的行为，能有效地除罪化藏有高达1美元。 “We’re in the early stages here,” says Frank spokesperson Peter Kovar. “我们正在在早期阶段，在这里，说： ”坦率的发言人彼得伐。 “Nothing like this ever comes quick.” “没有喜欢这个以往任何时候都来快速” 。
But it may be coming more quickly than some people expect.但它可能是未来更迅速，比一些人的期望。 “All the indicators are prompting in the right direction,” says Kampia. “所有的指标都提示在正确的方向，说： ” kampia 。 “Every major new ballot initiative looks set to pass. “每一次重大的新倡议，在选票上看起来设置为通过。 Infrastructure is growing: email lists, organizations, allies — it’s across the board.基础设施是越来越多：电子邮件清单，组织，盟国-它的全国委员会。 Public opinion is moving steadily in favor of decriminalization.民意正在稳步推进，有利于非刑事化。 State laws are moving forward, and none are going backward.国家法律是向前迈进，并没有要落后。 We’re constantly picking up votes in the House.我们正在不断回升票在众议院中。 The 110th is the most supportive Congress we’ve ever had.” 110是最支持国会，我们过了“ 。
If the RNC keeps attacking Democrats on medical marijuana, the 111th will be that much better.如果共和党全国委员会不断攻击民主党对药用大麻，第111会认为好得多。
See More: 看到更多的： Culture 文化 Drugs 药物 USA News 美国新闻 Have Your Say: Indicators Point to a Softening of America’s Marijuana Laws 你说：指标指向软化美国的大麻的法律 Please note, only selected comments will be published.请注意，只有选定的评论将出版。 Or discuss this report in our new forums 或讨论这个报告在我们的新论坛 RSS 的RSS TrackBack URL 跟踪 RUI
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