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La prohibition interminable de l'Amérique

Vendredi 8 août 2008

La prohibition d'alcool de WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Amérique a duré 13 ans, a rempli prisons du pays, mépris inspiré pour la loi parmi des millions, corruption multipliée et Al produit Capone. Ce qu'il n'a pas fait était de garder des Américains du boire.

 

La prohibition de la marijuana de l'Amérique a dessiné dans sa soixante-douzième année ce mois. Il a créé une industrie souterraine énorme approvisionnant aux utilisateurs, aidés les États-Unis ballon de population de prison au monde plus grand, et détourné les ressources de l'application de loi américaine. Ce qu'il n'a pas fait est des Américains de subsistance d'employer la marijuana.

 

Au contraire. Depuis 1937, la marijuana d'année a été proscrite, son utilisation aux Etats-Unis est montée par 4.000 pour cent, selon le projet de politique de marijuana, un groupe basé à Washington d'entrée qui préconise régler la drogue semblable à l'alcool. Une étude récente de l'organisation mondiale de la santé d'utilisation de marijuana dans 17 pays a placé des Américains au dessus de la liste.

 

La prohibition 1920-1933 en vente, production et transport d'alcool est maintenant vue comme échec morne de la technologie sociale. La prohibition sur la marijuana sera-t-elle jamais vue dans une lumière semblable ?

 

Pour la première fois dans une génération, il y a une facture avant que le congrès qui éliminerait des pénalités fédérales « pour l'usage personnel de la marijuana par les adultes responsables. » Mais pas égalisez le membre du Congrès qui a présenté la facture, prise de bec Frank de démocrate, voit des perspectives lumineuses pour le passage rapide.

 

La dernière fois les États-Unis Le congrès traité la législation qui aurait decriminalized la marijuana avait lieu en 1978, quand une facture présentée par le sénateur Edouard Kennedy a été passée par le sénat mais pas obtenu jamais e à une voix dans la Chambre.

 

La caisse pour la marijuana de légalisation, la drogue la plus employée couramment après alcool et le tabac, repos sur plusieurs planches - être le plus évident que la prohibition simplement n'a pas fonctionné en dépit des efforts extraordinairement de main-d'oeuvre et coûteux de gouvernement. En 2006, l'année dernière l'où figure du bureau de la recherche fédéral sont disponibles, 830.000 Américains ont été arrêtés sur les frais de marijuana, la plupart d'entre eux pour la possession plutôt que de trafiquer. 

Qu'établit à une arrestation de marijuana toutes les 38 secondes. Une étude a estimé l'année dernière le coût de ces arrestations à $10.7 milliards.

 

« C'est un énorme gaspillage de ressources d'application de loi qui devraient être concentrées sur le crime violent et sérieux, » dit la rue d'Allen Pierre, who heads the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML), the marijuana smokers’ lobby in Washington.

 

NO DISTINCTION BETWEEN USE AND ABUSE

 

“With alcohol we acknowledge the distinction between use and abuse, and we focus our law enforcement on efforts to stop irresponsible use. We do not arrest or jail responsible drinkers. That should be our policy for marijuana as well.”

 

The Bush administration’s drug czar, John Walters, will have none of this. He talks about marijuana in terms reminiscent of the apocalyptic warnings issued by Harry Anslinger, the first head of the Bureau of Narcotics in the 1930s and a driving force behind the 1937 marijuana prohibition.

 

Anslinger deemed marijuana “an addictive drug which induces in its users insanity, criminality and death.” Walters often takes issue with “the perception that marijuana is about fun and freedom. It isn’t. It’s about dependency, disease and dysfunction.”

 

(For a vivid portrayal of the dysfunction Walters warns about, see a mock documentary produced for the White House Office of National Drug Policy. It is entitled Stoners in the Mist, a play on the 1988 film on mountain gorillas in the Congo. here)

 

Americans who have admitted smoking marijuana at one point or another but escaped dependency, disease and dysfunction include President George W. Bush, Supreme Court Judge Clarence Thomas, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, Senator John Kerry, former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich, former Vice President Al Gore and Barack Obama, the Democratic nominee for next November’s presidential election.

 

Former President Bill Clinton falls into a special category. When he studied in England, away from the long reach of U.S. law, he experimented with marijuana “a time or two,” he once told a television interviewer. “I didn’t inhale and I didn’t try again.”

Hollywood, conscious of a mass audience that does inhale, has produced a slew of new “stoner” movies this year. The pot-smoking protagonists include an investment banker and a medical student (Harold & Kumar), a psychiatrist (The Wackness), and a process server (Pineapple Express).

 

But sympathetic portrayals of marijuana use in popular culture do not necessarily translate into faster progress towards legalization. Government anti-drug fighters are serious in their opposition.

 

When Barney Frank, at a news conference to explain the rationale for his bill, was asked what timeline he had in mind, he quipped: “Not soon … but eventually, you’ll see the development of a marijuana futures market.” David Murray, the chief scientist in the drug czar’s office who had listened to the briefing, was not amused. “It’s not funny,” he said, “not funny at all.”

 

But not impossible either, in the long run



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