What’s on Tap and What You Need to Know About Drinking Water什么的就挖掘和您需要知道的关于饮用水
By Leigh Erin Connealy, MD由李伊林connealy ，医学博士 | The National Resources Defense Council (NRDC), an environmental action organization, recently conducted an in-depth study into the quality of drinking water across the United States. |国家资源，国防委员会（ nrdc ） ，一个环境行动组织，最近进行了深入的研究，探讨饮用水质量美国各地。 Reviewing the tap water quality data for 19 major US cities, including Los Angeles, they compiled their findings and made them available to the public in June of 2003.检讨自来水质量数据为19个美国主要城市，包括洛杉矶，他们编制了他们的研究结果，使它们向公众提供在2003年6月。 11 contaminants were labeled to be of “high concern” or “some concern” for the LA area’s water supply. 11污染物标示要“高度关切”或“有些关注”为洛杉矶地区的供水。 Since much of Los Angeles and Orange County由于大部分的洛杉矶和奥兰治县 drinking water饮用水 comes from the same two sources, the Colorado River and Northern California, this information should be of note to those living in the Orange County area.来自相同的两个来源，科罗拉多河和加利福尼亚州北部，这方面的资料应注意对那些居住在奥兰治县地区。
Five contaminants fell under the “high concern” category, including Lead, Perchlorate, Radon, Haloacetic Acids (HAAs) and Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs). 5污染物下跌下， “高度关注” 3个分类，包括铅，高氯酸盐，氡气，卤乙酸（哈斯）和总三卤甲烷（ tthms ） 。
Lead 领导
Lead is a heavy metal that generally enters the drinking supplies due to the corrosion of pipes, plumbing or faucets.铅是一种重金属，一般来说进入饮用水供应，由于腐蚀的管道，水管或水龙头。 Often, the lead levels of the很多时候，铅含量的 water水 at your home are much higher than the levels from the water’s source.在您的家庭远远高于水平从水的来源。 This is usually the result of contamination that may be occurring at your home, due to old or corroded pipes.这通常是污染的结果，可能发生在你的家，由于旧的或腐蚀管道。 The national standard (NS) for lead, as determined by国家标准（ NS ）的铅，所确定的 the EPA环保局 , is 15 ppb. ，是15个ppb 。
Health Effects: Infants, young children and健康的影响：婴儿，幼儿和 pregnant women孕妇 are particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of lead.特别容易受到不利影响的铅。 In serious cases, poisoning can cause permanent brain damage and, in less severe cases, can cause children to suffer from decreased intelligence and problems with growth, development and behavior.在严重的情况下，中毒可造成永久性脑损伤，在不到严重的情况下，可能会导致儿童遭受下跌的情报和问题，与生长，发育和行为。 In adults, lead can increase blood pressure, harm kidney function, adversely affect the nervous system and damage red blood cells.在成人，铅可以增加血液的压力，损害肾功能，造成不良影响中枢神经系统和破坏红血球。
Perchlorate 氯酸盐
Perchlorate in the water usually comes from rocket fuel spills or leaks at military facilities.高氯酸盐在水中，通常是来自火箭燃料泄漏或泄漏在军事设施。 Additionally,此外， perchlorate氯酸盐 is used in a variety of products and applications, including electronic tubes, vehicle airbags, leather tanning and fireworks.是可用于各种各样的产品和应用，包括电子管，汽车安全气囊，皮革鞣制及烟花。 The NS is 4 ppb, however no level has been determined to be safe.的NS是4个ppb ，但NO水平已被确定为安全。
Health Effects: Perchlorate disrupts the健康的影响：高氯酸盐破坏 thyroid甲状腺 function and is a suspected功能，是一处被怀疑 carcinogen致癌物质 . 。 Changes in thyroid hormone levels can result in thyroid gland tumors.的变化，甲状腺激素水平可能会导致甲状腺肿瘤。 In children, thyroid disruption can adversely affect proper development and in adults it can interfere with metabolism regulation.在儿童，甲状腺中断可以产生不利影响的适当发展，并在成人它可以干预与代谢调控。 Disruption of the thyroid in pregnant women may impact the fetus and result in delayed development and decreased learning ability.中断的甲状腺在孕妇可能会影响胎儿，并导致延迟的发展和学习能力下降。
Radon 氡气
Radon is a radioactive gas that results from the natural breakdown of uranium in the ground.氡是一种放射性气体，结果从天然铀的分项在地上。 The NS is an average of 300 pCi/L.的NS是一个平均的300个PCI / L的
Health Effects: Radon is known to cause健康的影响：氡是众所周知的原因 lung cancer肺癌 . 。 No level is considered to be safe and a single particle of radon can cause NO水平被认为是安全和单粒子氡可导致 cancer癌症 . 。 The EPA estimates that radon in drinking water causes approximately 168 deaths from lung and环保局估计，饮用水中氡的原因，大约有168人死于肺癌和 stomach cancer胃癌 each year (89% from lung cancer caused by breathing radon released to the indoor air from water, 11% from stomach cancer caused by consuming water that contains radon).每年（ 89 ％由肺癌引起的呼吸中释放的氡向室内空气从水， 11 ％来自胃癌所造成的消费水含有氡） 。 Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the US, after smoking.氡气是第二导致肺癌在美国，吸烟后。
Haloacetic Acids (HAAs)/Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs) 卤乙酸（哈斯） /总三卤甲烷（ tthms ）
HAAs and TTHMs are volatile organic contaminates often referred to as disinfection by-products or organochlorines and result when哈斯和tthms是挥发性有机化合物的污染往往被称为消毒副产物或有机氯和结果时， chlorine氯气 used to disinfect drinking water interacts with organic matter in the water.用来消毒饮用水互动与有机物质在水中。 The那个 EPA环保局 has classified some TTHMs as probable human carcinogens.已分类的一些tthms作为可能的人类致癌物质。 The NS for HAAs is an average of 60 ppb and for TTHMs, an average of 80 ppb.的NS为哈斯是平均60个ppb和tthms ，每年平均有80个ppb 。
Health Effects: Disinfection by-products have been linked to cancers of the bladder, pancreas, colon, rectum, brain, and childhood leukemia.健康的影响：消毒副产物已联系到癌症的膀胱，胰腺，结肠，直肠，脑，和儿童白血病。
The following six contaminants fall under the category of “some concern”:以下六个污染物属于一类“有些关注” ：
Cryptosporidium 隐孢子虫
Cryptosporidium is a waterborne parasite that lives and reproduces by the millions in both animal and human intestines until it is shed in the feces.隐孢子虫是一种寄生虫水性的生命和转载了由数百万在这两个动物和人类肠道直到它是大棚，在粪便中。 The NS is 0.的NS是0 。
Health Effects: Cryptosporidium can cause severe diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramping and fever for up to 2 weeks.健康的影响：隐孢子虫可以导致严重的腹泻，恶心，腹部绞痛和发烧长达2周。 Currently there is no antibiotic that can kill the parasite.目前没有抗生素可以杀死寄生虫。 It poses a significant health risk to children and those with weakened immune systems.它构成了重大的健康风险，以儿童和那些免疫系统虚弱的。
Total Coliform Bacteria (TCM) 总大肠菌群（中医药）
TCM is a broad class of中医药是一个广泛的类 bacteria细菌 , many of which live in the intestines of humans and animals.其中有许多生活在肠的人类和动物。 Most coliform bacteria are harmless, however their presence indicates that the water may contain harmful bacteria such as E. coli.最大肠菌群是无害的，但是它们的存在表明，该水可能含有有害细菌，如大肠杆菌。 The NS for TCM is 0.南北向为中医药是0 。
Arsenic 砷
Arsenic found in drinking supplies comes from mining, industrial processes, past use of砷发现，在饮用水供应来自采矿，工业加工，过去使用 arsenic砷 containing pesticides, and natural leaching erosion from rock.含有农药，和自然侵蚀的浸出从岩石。 Currently the NS for arsenic is 50 ppb but will be lowered to 10 ppb in 2006.目前的NS砷是50个ppb ，但将下调至10药剂业及毒药管理局于2006年。
Health Effects: Arsenic is toxic to humans and a known carcinogen.健康的影响：砷是有毒的对人类和一种已知的致癌物质。 The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) has determined that arsenic in drinking water is known to cause cancer of the bladder, skin and lungs.美国国家科学院（ NAS ）的已确定砷在饮用水中是已知的致癌物质对膀胱癌，皮肤和肺部。 An NAS report published in 2001 stated that a person who drinks 2 liters of water a day (containing 10 ppb arsenic) has a lifetime total fatal cancer risk greater than 1 in 333. 1 NAS的报告发表在2001年指出，一个人谁饮料2公升的水天（含10个ppb砷）有一个致命的一生中总患癌的风险，大于1 ，在333 。
Chromium 铬
Chromium is a naturally occurring metal used in industrial processes, including metal plating for chrome bumpers and making stainless steel, paint, rubber and wood preservatives.铬是一种自然发生的金属用在工业生产过程，包括金属电镀铬保险杠，使不锈钢，油漆，橡胶和木材防腐剂。 The NS for南北向为 chromium铬 is 100 ppb.是100个ppb 。
Health Effects: Chromium ingestion can cause a host of health problems, ranging form skin irritation to damage to kidney, liver and nerve tissue.健康的影响：铬摄入可导致一系列健康问题，不等，形式皮肤刺激性损害肾脏，肝脏和神经组织。
Gross Alpha Radiation (GAR)/Gross Beta Radiation (GBR) 毛额阿尔法辐射（明嘉） /总测试辐射（联合王国）
GAR and GBR generally result from the decay of radioactive minerals in underground rocks and are sometimes by-products of the mining and nuclear industries.明嘉和联合王国的结果，一般从衰变的放射性矿物在地下岩石和有时是由产品的开采和核工业。 The NS for GAR is an average of 15 pCi/L and for GBR, an average of 50 pCi/L.的NS为明嘉是平均15个PCI /升和英国，平均50个PCI / L的
Health Effects: No level of exposure to GAR or GBR is considered safe as they are both radioactive and can cause cancer.健康的影响：没有暴露水平，以明嘉或联合王国被认为是安全，因为他们都是放射性和可以导致癌症。
Uranium 铀
Uranium is released from minerals in the ground, often as the result of mining or as a by-product of the nuclear industry.铀是从矿物在地面，往往作为的结果，采矿或作为副产物的核工业。 The NS for uranium is 30 micrograms/L.的NS铀是30微克/ L的
Health Effects: Uranium is radioactive and known to cause cancer when ingested.健康的影响：铀是放射性和已知的致癌物质，当人体。 The EPA has determined that it causes serious kidney damage at levels above 300 mcg/L.环保局已确定，它造成严重的肾损害的水平，超过300心磁/ L的
While Orange County has strict regulations on the quality of drinking water, you should still be aware of what is coming out of your tap.而奥兰治县有严格的规定，对饮用水质量，你仍应该知道什么是走出来您的自来水。 The EPA established national standards are determined to be the highest level of contaminants allowed in the water.环保局确立的国家标准是定为最高级别的污染物允许在水中。 The NRDC however, maintains that no level of any of these contaminants is safe.该nrdc然而，坚持认为没有任何的水平，这些污染物是安全的。
So what can you do?因此，您可以做些什么？ First, contact the EPA for a list of state-certified labs that can test the water at your home.第一，联系环保局为国家名单认证的实验室可以测试水在你家。 Finding out what is in your找出什么是您的 tap water自来水 can help you to determine what kind of filtration system is right for you.可以帮助您确定什么样的过滤系统是正确的你。 Your water standards should be higher than the EPA’s to ensure the safety of your family.您的用水标准应高于EPA的，以确保安全，您的家人。
When choosing a water filtration system, I recommend a unit that also regulates the pH level of your water like Jupiter Melody by Ion Life available through perfectlyhealthy at (当选择一个水过滤系统，我建议一个单位还调节pH值的水平，您的水像木星一样的旋律离子生活可通过perfectlyhealthy （ www.perfectlyhealthy.net ) . ） 。 Proper pH levels can further protect you from any contaminants that you might come in contact with and also ward off disease and infection.适当的pH值，可进一步保护你不受任何污染物，您可能会来，在接触，也抵御疾病和感染。 You want to drink water that reaches a pH level of approximately 9.0 while trying to maintain a blood pH level of 7.43.您想要喝水，即达到一个水平， pH值约9.0 ，而试图维持血液pH值的水平7.43 。
For a list of state-certified labs, call the EPA’s hotline at 800-426-4791 or go online at (一个国家名单认证的实验室，请环保局的热线电话800-426-4791或上网（ www.epa.gov/safewater/privatewells/labs.html www.epa.gov / safewater / privatewells / labs.html ) . ） 。 To review the entire report by the NRDC, visit their website at (检讨整份报告由nrdc ，请访问其网站（ www.nrdc.org ) . ） 。 I recommend the Jupiter Melody Ionizer available through perfectlyhealthy, it excludes contaminants from your drinking water as well as providing a pH level of approximately 9.0.我建议木星的旋律静电可通过perfectlyhealthy ，它排除了污染物从您的饮用水，以及提供一个pH值约9.0 。 Visit (访问（ www.perfectlyhealthy.net ) for more information. ）以获取更多信息。
Have Your Say: What’s on Tap and What You Need to Know About Drinking Water 你说：什么的就挖掘和您需要知道的关于饮用水
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