US out of Iraq by … “2011″美國出於對伊拉克的… … “ 2011年”
By通過 PATRICK COCKBURN帕特里克科伯恩 | The United States is moving towards ending its military control of Iraq by agreeing to withdraw combat troops from Iraqi cities and towns by June next year and from the rest of Iraq by 2011, according Iraqi and American negotiators. |美國正在走向結束其軍事控制伊拉克同意撤回作戰部隊從伊拉克城市和城鎮，由明年6月和其他伊拉克，到2011年，根據伊拉克和美國的談判。
The withdrawal of US troops to bases outside the cities, towns and villages would make the Iraqi government, whose security forces number half a million men, the predominant military power in Iraq for the first time since the US-led invasion of 2003.撤出的美軍基地以外的城市，城鎮和村莊，將使伊拉克政府，其安全部隊的人數有50萬官兵，主要軍事強國，在伊拉克以來的第一次以美國為首的入侵， 2003年。
“By June 2009, if security progress continues, there would be no need for US troops in city centers,” the Iraqi Foreign Minister, Hoshyar Zebari, tells me. “ 2009年6月，如果安全的進展繼續下去，不會有任何需要，美軍在城市的中心， ”伊拉克外長霍希亞爾扎巴里，告訴我。
Mr Zebari was eager Thursday not to describe the US military pullback as a withdrawal and it might still be rejected by senior Iraqi political leaders.議員澤巴里急於週四不來形容美軍撤軍作為一個撤出它仍可能拒絕伊拉克高級政治領導人。 But in reality the US is accepting a timetable for a withdrawal, something that it resolutely refused to do in the past.但在現實中，美國是接受的時間表撤出，這是它堅決拒絕這樣做在過去的。 Mr Maliki originally wanted the removal of US combat troops by the end of 2010, but has compromised on 2011.議員馬利基原本想取消美國作戰部隊由2010年底，但妥協的2011年。
The accord is likely to have a significant impact on the outcome of the US presidential election in November since Iraq is the main issue dividing the two candidates.該協定是可能有重大影響的結果，美國總統大選在11月以來，伊拉克是主要的問題除以兩位候選人。 It should benefit the Democratic candidate Barack Obama since the timetable for a withdrawal is not so different from his plan to remove one combat brigade a month over 16 months.它應該有利於民主黨的候選人巴拉克奧巴馬以來的時間表撤出並非如此不同，從他的計劃，以消除一個打擊旅， 1個月以上的16個月。 It also makes it difficult for the Republican contender John McCain to say that US troops should stay until victory or to denounce Mr Obama as an unpatriotic defeatist.這也使得很難共和黨競爭者約翰麥凱恩說，美軍應留到勝利或譴責議員奧巴馬作為一個愛國的失敗。 At the same time Mr McCain may benefit from the security agreement defusing the Iraq war as a political issue in the US and making it more difficult for the Democrats to portray him as a dangerous hawk.在同一時間，議員馬侃可能受益於擔保協議，化解伊拉克戰爭是一個政治問題，在美國並使它更加難以民主黨人描繪，他是一個危險的鷹派。
The agreement now likely to be signed is “a sea-change from what the Americans originally proposed in March” according to an Iraqi political leader who saw a recent version.該協議現在可能將要簽署的是“海上改變從什麼美國人原本建議在三月”根據伊拉克的政治領袖誰看到一個最新的版本。 He said Mr Maliki would like to see US forces pull back into about 20 bases and they would not have an automatic right to patrol within Iraqi cities and towns.他說，馬利基希望看到美國軍隊撤退到約20基地和他們不會有一項自動賦予的權利，以巡邏伊拉克城市和城鎮。 This means that the US will not be able to support its local allies, such as the Sunni 103,000-strong al-Sahwa Awakening Movement which is paid by the US but hostile to the Shia-Kurdish government.這意味著，美國將無法支持其本地盟國，如遜尼派103000強鋁- sahwa覺醒運動，這是由美國，但敵對的什葉派-庫爾德政府。
The original US draft for a security agreement to replace the UN mandate which runs out at the end of the year appeared to continue the American occupation.原草案中為美國的安全協議，以取代聯合國的任務背道而馳在今年年底出現，以繼續美國的佔領。 When its terms were leaked in June there was a nationalist backlash against its terms in Iraq.當其職權洩露在6月有一個民族主義的反彈其職權在伊拉克。 This coincided with the Iraqi army regaining control of Basra, Sadr City and the province of Amara, which had previously been under the control of Shia militias, notably the Mehdi Army of Muqtada al-Sadr.這正好與伊拉克軍隊重新控制的巴士拉，薩德爾城和省的阿馬拉，以前曾經被控制下的什葉派民兵，特別是邁赫迪軍的薩德爾薩德爾的支持者。 The growing confidence of the Iraqi army that it can act without US military back up has made it possible for Mr Maliki to demand more limitations on US authority.越來越多的信心，伊拉克軍隊，它可以採取行動，美國軍方備份使得有可能為議員，馬利基要求更多的限制，對美國的權威。
Iraqi negotiators have been eager to end the legal immunity of US forces.伊拉克的談判已急於結束的法律豁免權，美國軍隊。 Washington has conceded that private security contractors, of whom 35,000 out of 154,000 are armed security personnel, should no longer have immunity on or off US bases.華盛頓已同意私人保安承辦商，其中3.50萬走出十五點四〇萬頃武裝保安人員，應不再有豁免權或關閉的美軍基地。 This is an important change because the private contractors outnumber US troops and play a crucial support role.這是一個重要的變化，因為私人承辦多於美軍和發揮關鍵的支持作用。 They are also widely detested by Iraqis because of their ill-discipline and involvement in incidents when innocent Iraqi civilians have been killed.他們還廣泛討厭伊拉克人，因為他們受到虐待的紀律和參與的事件時，無辜的伊拉克平民已被殺害。
The US has been determined to preserve the legal immunity of its regular armed forces.美國已決心維護法律的豁免權，其正規武裝部隊。 According to one Iraqi negotiator, US soldiers will have immunity in their bases and when engaged in official missions, but if they engage in premeditated crimes outside their official role and off-base then a US-Iraqi committee will decide how they should be dealt with.據一名伊拉克談判代表，美國士兵將有豁免權，在他們的基地時，從事正式訪問，但如果他們在從事有預謀的犯罪以外的其官方的作用和場外基地，然後我們-伊拉克委員會將決定應如何處理。
The Iraqi government has gone out of its way to reassure Iran that the US will not be able to use Iraq as base for any attack on Iran.伊拉克政府已走出去的方式向伊朗表示，美國將不能夠利用伊拉克作為基地，任何對伊朗發動攻擊。 Iran reacted furiously to the first draft of the accord, claiming it would turn Iraq into a US puppet state and, so far as the Iranians were concerned, it would be ‘an insecurity agreement and not a security agreement.’ Standing beside the US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice at a press conference, Mr Zebari said: “There are clear articles [in the agreement that] say that Iraq will not be used as a launching pad for any aggressive acts against neighboring countries.”伊朗的反應，電視劇的第一稿協定，聲稱它將把伊拉克變成美國的傀儡國家，迄今作為伊朗人而言，將是'一個不安全的協議，而不是一個安全的協議。常務委員會旁邊的美國國務卿美國國務卿賴斯在新聞發布會上，議員澤巴里說： “有明確的文章[在協議]說，伊拉克將不會被用來作為發射台的任何侵略行為，對周邊國家” 。
Patrick Cockburn is the Ihe author of “ 帕特里克科伯恩是IHE的作者“ Muqtada: Muqtada Al-Sadr, the Shia Revival, and the Struggle for Iraq 薩德爾：薩德爾薩德爾的支持者，什葉派的復興，和鬥爭伊拉克 . 。
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Related News 相關新聞
- Security firms lose immunity in Iraq deal保安公司失去豁免權，在伊拉克的處理
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