US out of Iraq by … “2011″美国出于对伊拉克的… … “ 2011年”
By通过 PATRICK COCKBURN帕特里克科伯恩 | The United States is moving towards ending its military control of Iraq by agreeing to withdraw combat troops from Iraqi cities and towns by June next year and from the rest of Iraq by 2011, according Iraqi and American negotiators. |美国正在走向结束其军事控制伊拉克同意撤回作战部队从伊拉克城市和城镇，由明年6月和其他伊拉克，到2011年，根据伊拉克和美国的谈判。
The withdrawal of US troops to bases outside the cities, towns and villages would make the Iraqi government, whose security forces number half a million men, the predominant military power in Iraq for the first time since the US-led invasion of 2003.撤出的美军基地以外的城市，城镇和村庄，将使伊拉克政府，其安全部队的人数有50万官兵，主要军事强国，在伊拉克以来的第一次以美国为首的入侵， 2003年。
“By June 2009, if security progress continues, there would be no need for US troops in city centers,” the Iraqi Foreign Minister, Hoshyar Zebari, tells me. “ 2009年6月，如果安全的进展继续下去，不会有任何需要，美军在城市的中心， ”伊拉克外长霍希亚尔扎巴里，告诉我。
Mr Zebari was eager Thursday not to describe the US military pullback as a withdrawal and it might still be rejected by senior Iraqi political leaders.议员泽巴里急于周四不来形容美军撤军作为一个撤出它仍可能拒绝伊拉克高级政治领导人。 But in reality the US is accepting a timetable for a withdrawal, something that it resolutely refused to do in the past.但在现实中，美国是接受的时间表撤出，这是它坚决拒绝这样做在过去的。 Mr Maliki originally wanted the removal of US combat troops by the end of 2010, but has compromised on 2011.议员马利基原本想取消美国作战部队由2010年底，但妥协的2011年。
The accord is likely to have a significant impact on the outcome of the US presidential election in November since Iraq is the main issue dividing the two candidates.该协定是可能有重大影响的结果，美国总统大选在11月以来，伊拉克是主要的问题除以两位候选人。 It should benefit the Democratic candidate Barack Obama since the timetable for a withdrawal is not so different from his plan to remove one combat brigade a month over 16 months.它应该有利于民主党的候选人巴拉克奥巴马以来的时间表撤出并非如此不同，从他的计划，以消除一个打击旅， 1个月以上的16个月。 It also makes it difficult for the Republican contender John McCain to say that US troops should stay until victory or to denounce Mr Obama as an unpatriotic defeatist.这也使得很难共和党竞争者约翰麦凯恩说，美军应留到胜利或谴责议员奥巴马作为一个爱国的失败。 At the same time Mr McCain may benefit from the security agreement defusing the Iraq war as a political issue in the US and making it more difficult for the Democrats to portray him as a dangerous hawk.在同一时间，议员马侃可能受益于担保协议，化解伊拉克战争是一个政治问题，在美国并使它更加难以民主党人描绘，他是一个危险的鹰派。
The agreement now likely to be signed is “a sea-change from what the Americans originally proposed in March” according to an Iraqi political leader who saw a recent version.该协议现在可能将要签署的是“海上改变从什么美国人原本建议在三月”根据伊拉克的政治领袖谁看到一个最新的版本。 He said Mr Maliki would like to see US forces pull back into about 20 bases and they would not have an automatic right to patrol within Iraqi cities and towns.他说，马利基希望看到美国军队撤退到约20基地和他们不会有一项自动赋予的权利，以巡逻伊拉克城市和城镇。 This means that the US will not be able to support its local allies, such as the Sunni 103,000-strong al-Sahwa Awakening Movement which is paid by the US but hostile to the Shia-Kurdish government.这意味着，美国将无法支持其本地盟国，如逊尼派103000强铝- sahwa觉醒运动，这是由美国，但敌对的什叶派-库尔德政府。
The original US draft for a security agreement to replace the UN mandate which runs out at the end of the year appeared to continue the American occupation.原草案中为美国的安全协议，以取代联合国的任务背道而驰在今年年底出现，以继续美国的占领。 When its terms were leaked in June there was a nationalist backlash against its terms in Iraq.当其职权泄露在6月有一个民族主义的反弹其职权在伊拉克。 This coincided with the Iraqi army regaining control of Basra, Sadr City and the province of Amara, which had previously been under the control of Shia militias, notably the Mehdi Army of Muqtada al-Sadr.这正好与伊拉克军队重新控制的巴士拉，萨德尔城和省的阿马拉，以前曾经被控制下的什叶派民兵，特别是迈赫迪军的萨德尔萨德尔的支持者。 The growing confidence of the Iraqi army that it can act without US military back up has made it possible for Mr Maliki to demand more limitations on US authority.越来越多的信心，伊拉克军队，它可以采取行动，美国军方备份使得有可能为议员，马利基要求更多的限制，对美国的权威。
Iraqi negotiators have been eager to end the legal immunity of US forces.伊拉克的谈判已急于结束的法律豁免权，美国军队。 Washington has conceded that private security contractors, of whom 35,000 out of 154,000 are armed security personnel, should no longer have immunity on or off US bases.华盛顿已同意私人保安承办商，其中3.50万走出十五点四〇万顷武装保安人员，应不再有豁免权或关闭的美军基地。 This is an important change because the private contractors outnumber US troops and play a crucial support role.这是一个重要的变化，因为私人承办多于美军和发挥关键的支持作用。 They are also widely detested by Iraqis because of their ill-discipline and involvement in incidents when innocent Iraqi civilians have been killed.他们还广泛讨厌伊拉克人，因为他们受到虐待的纪律和参与的事件时，无辜的伊拉克平民已被杀害。
The US has been determined to preserve the legal immunity of its regular armed forces.美国已决心维护法律的豁免权，其正规武装部队。 According to one Iraqi negotiator, US soldiers will have immunity in their bases and when engaged in official missions, but if they engage in premeditated crimes outside their official role and off-base then a US-Iraqi committee will decide how they should be dealt with.据一名伊拉克谈判代表，美国士兵将有豁免权，在他们的基地时，从事正式访问，但如果他们在从事有预谋的犯罪以外的其官方的作用和场外基地，然后我们-伊拉克委员会将决定应如何处理。
The Iraqi government has gone out of its way to reassure Iran that the US will not be able to use Iraq as base for any attack on Iran.伊拉克政府已走出去的方式向伊朗表示，美国将不能够利用伊拉克作为基地，任何对伊朗发动攻击。 Iran reacted furiously to the first draft of the accord, claiming it would turn Iraq into a US puppet state and, so far as the Iranians were concerned, it would be ‘an insecurity agreement and not a security agreement.’ Standing beside the US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice at a press conference, Mr Zebari said: “There are clear articles [in the agreement that] say that Iraq will not be used as a launching pad for any aggressive acts against neighboring countries.”伊朗的反应，电视剧的第一稿协定，声称它将把伊拉克变成美国的傀儡国家，迄今作为伊朗人而言，将是'一个不安全的协议，而不是一个安全的协议。常务委员会旁边的美国国务卿美国国务卿赖斯在新闻发布会上，议员泽巴里说： “有明确的文章[在协议]说，伊拉克将不会被用来作为发射台的任何侵略行为，对周边国家” 。
Patrick Cockburn is the Ihe author of “ 帕特里克科伯恩是IHE的作者“ Muqtada: Muqtada Al-Sadr, the Shia Revival, and the Struggle for Iraq 萨德尔：萨德尔萨德尔的支持者，什叶派的复兴，和斗争伊拉克 . 。
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Related News 相关新闻
- Security firms lose immunity in Iraq deal保安公司失去豁免权，在伊拉克的处理
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