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 | Translate: 翻譯：               The Asian Brown Cloud: Global Climate Chaos and Tropical Glaciers亞洲褐雲：全球氣候混亂和熱帶冰川 Friday, November 14th, 2008 星期五， 2008年11月14號 Colonos | The United Nations have released 聯合國已經發布 a report on the phenomenon dubbed as the Asian Brown Cloud 一份關於這一現象被稱為亞洲褐雲 , which is a thick soup of human waste engulfing Asia, and which has been ，這是一個羹的人力浪費席捲亞洲，並已 widely 廣 reported 報告 : ： “A dirty brown haze sometimes more than a mile thick is darkening skies not only over vast areas of Asia, but also in the Middle East, southern Africa and the Amazon Basin, changing weather patterns around the world and threatening health and food supplies, the UN reported Thursday. “一個骯髒的褐色煙霧有時超過一英里厚的是昏暗的天空不僅廣大的亞洲地區，而且在中東，南部非洲和亞馬遜河流域，氣候變化在世界各地，並威脅健康和食品供應，聯合國報導。 The huge smog-like plumes, caused mainly by the burning of fossil fuels and firewood, are known as “atmospheric brown clouds.” 巨大的煙霧狀羽毛，主要是燃燒礦物燃料和木柴，被稱為“大氣棕色雲。 ” When mixed with emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases blamed for warming the earth’s atmosphere like a greenhouse, they are the newest threat to the global environment, according to a report commissioned by the UN Environment Program.” 當混合排放的二氧化碳和其他氣體排放造成氣候變暖的地球大氣層像一個溫室，它們是最新的威脅，對全球環境的一份報告稱，由聯合國環境計劃。 “ In印第安納州 the report itself it reads 報告本身讀取 : ： “One of the most serious problems highlighted in the report is the documented retreat of the Hind Kush-Himalayan-Tibetan glaciers, which provide the head-waters for most Asian rivers, and thus have serious implications for the water and food security of Asia” “一個最嚴重的問題，報告中所強調的是記載務虛欣德興都庫什，喜馬拉雅，西藏的冰川，它提供了頭水域亞洲大多數河流，從而嚴重影響了水和糧食安全的亞洲” This taken together with the alarming development all over the world, but particularly with regards to propical glaciers in South America, mainly Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, it is looking more and more like game over soon.這連同令人震驚的發展在世界各地，但特別是對propical冰川在南美洲，主要是厄瓜多爾，秘魯和玻利維亞，它是越來越像遊戲超過很快。 There really isn’t much time left.實在沒有多少時間了。 The Asian Brown cloud, first reported on in 2002 has now grown to a full scale threat of immanent disaster.亞洲褐雲，第一次報告在2002年已增長到全面的威脅，內在的災難。 Water is running out, the Himalayan glaciers whose decay are accelerated by the Asian Brown Cloud feed around 2 billion people with water to drink and to grow crops.水已經不多了，在喜馬拉雅冰川的加速衰變是由亞洲褐雲飼料約2億人飲用水和種植作物。 Now go figure…現在的數字... In the summer of 2008, colonos did research for and delivered a series of workshops about climate change for indigenous people of the Ecuadorian Amazon and the Peruvian Andes.在2008年夏天， colonos沒有研究，並發表了一系列的研討會有關氣候變化對土著人民的厄瓜多爾亞馬孫地區和秘魯安第斯山脈。 Our findings were shocking, here in我們的調查結果令人震驚，在這裡 the words quoted from a World Bank report 引用的話來自世界銀行的一份報告 , not exactly the frame of reference we would normally choose, but the institution’s corporate bias puts things in an illuminating perspective: ，而不是完全的參考框架，我們通常會選擇，但該機構的企業的偏見了事情的啟發性的觀點： “About 99 percent of the Chacaltaya glacier in Bolivia has disappeared since 1940, says World Bank engineer Walter Vergara, in his new report, “The Impacts of Climate Change in Latin America. “大約百分之九十九的Chacaltaya在玻利維亞冰川已經消失自從1940年以來，世界銀行表示，工程師沃爾特爾加拉，在他的新報告， ”氣候變化的影響，在拉丁美洲。 One of the highest glaciers in South America, Chacaltaya is one of the first glaciers to melt due to climate change. 其中最高的冰川在南美洲， Chacaltaya是第一個冰川融化造成氣候變化的影響。 Although the glacier is over 18,000 years old, it is expected to vanish this year. 雖然冰川超過1.8萬年歲，預計將在今年消失。 “The greenhouse gases are the main driver,” says Vergara. “的溫室氣體的主要驅動力說， ”爾加拉。 “The scientific community has a consensus - this is man made.” “科學界有一個共識-這是男子。 ” Within the next 5-8 years, on a conservative estimate, more than 30 million people in Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador will be without water, in particular in the big cities, La Paz, Lima and Quito在今後5-8年內，在保守的估計，超過30萬人在玻利維亞，秘魯和厄瓜多爾將沒有水，特別是在大城市，拉巴斯，利馬和基多 and the problems have already begun 這些問題已經開始 : ： “The effect of diminishing glaciers is most evident in El Alto, an indigenous community of 800,000 people perched above the capital of La Paz. “影響冰川減少最明顯地體現在埃爾阿托，土著社區的高達800000人以上的首都拉巴斯。 Waves of mostly Aymara immigrants - the satellite city is growing at between 5 percent and 10 percent a year - arrive daily, fleeing the poverty of their native highlands. 一波又一波的移民大多艾馬拉-衛星城市之間的增長百分之五和百分之十一年-到達每天，逃避貧窮的本國高地。 With the disappearance of glacial water supplies and a decrepit and poorly managed water company, the city could soon suffer a severe water shortage, experts say” (Murphy 2008) 隨著冰川消失的水供應和一個破舊和管理不善自來水公司，城市可能很快就會受到嚴重缺水專家稱， “ （墨菲2008年） Living as we do in a world of accelerated urbanisation where already the majority of the world’s population live in cities the pressure for the circulation of water is因為我們生活在這樣一個世界城市化的加速已經在世界上大多數人口居住在城市的壓力流通的水 increased dramatically and the problems thus intensified 急劇增加的問題，從而加強 : ： “Ecuador’s Quito draws 50% of its water supply from the glacial basin, and Bolivia’s La Paz, 30%. “厄瓜多爾的基多提請其50 ％的供水來自冰川盆地，玻利維亞的拉巴斯， 30 ％以上。 The volume of the lost glacier surface of Peru is equivalent to 7,000 million cubic meters of water, that is about ten years of water supply for Lima.” 該卷的損失冰川表面的秘魯，相當於到7000萬立方米的水，這是10年左右的供水利馬。 “ To get an idea of the scale of the problem already today it may be useful, for some, to think in terms of the lost production capacity in hydroelectricity plants, due to less water running down from the soon to be extinct glaciers (same source as above):要了解這個問題的嚴重性已經今天它可能是有益的，對於某些人來說，想從失去生產能力，水力發電廠，由於運行較少的水從即將滅絕的冰川（同一來源段） ： “The impact of Andean glacier retreat on the local economy is formidable. “影響安第斯冰川退縮對當地經濟是非常艱鉅的。 For example in Peru, the annual incremental cost to the power sector is estimated at US$1.5 billion”. 例如，在秘魯，每年的增量成本，以電力部門估計為15億美元。 “ It will also be instructive to take a global view.它也將啟發採取全球性的觀點。 The那個 World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) writes 世界冰川監測服務（ WGMS ）寫入 : ： “Some of the most dramatic shrinking has taken place in Europe with Norway’s Breidalblikkbrea glacier thinning by close to 3.1 metres (2.9 metre water equivalent) during 2006 compared with a thinning of 0.3 metres (0.28 metres water equivalent) in the year 2005. 他說： “一些最引人注目的縮小已在歐洲，挪威的Breidalblikkbrea冰川減薄了近3.1米（ 2.9米水當量）相比，在2006年與變薄0.3米（ 0.28米水當量）在2005年。 Other dramatic shrinking has been registered at Austria’s Grosser Goldbergkees glacier, 1.2 metres in 2006 versus 0.3 in 2005; France’s Ossoue glacier, nearly 3 metres versus around 2.7 metres in 2005; Italy’s Malavalle glacier 1.4 metres versus around 0.9 metres in 2005; Spain’s Maladeta glacier, nearly 2 metres versus 1.6 metres in 2005; Sweden’s Storglaciaeren glacier, 1.8 metres versus close to 0.080 metres in 2005 and Switzerland’s Findelen glacier, 1.3 metres versus 0.22 metres in 2005.” 其他戲劇性的萎縮已登記在奧地利的大Goldbergkees冰川， 1.2米在2006年的0.3在2005年法國的Ossoue冰川，近3米，與2.7米左右， 2005年意大利的Malavalle冰川1.4米與0.9米左右在2005年西班牙的Maladeta冰川，近2米， 1.6米，與2005年瑞典的Storglaciaeren冰川， 1.8米與接近0.080米，在2005年和瑞士的Findelen冰川， 1.3米與0.22米，於2005年。 “ Deglaciation is an effect of climate change. Deglaciation是影響氣候變化。 A major cause of climate change is deforestation, a problem that the indigenous people of the Amazon know very well.一個重要原因，氣候變化是森林砍伐，一個問題是，土著人民亞馬遜非常清楚地知道。 The relation between deglaciation and deforestation is of course very complex, but in its simplicity is also shows what prominent climate change researcher, James Hansen at NASA, identifies as positive feedback loops in the climatic systems.之間的關係deglaciation和毀林當然是非常複雜的，但在它的簡單也顯示了突出的氣候變化研究，詹姆斯漢森在美國航天局，確定了積極的反饋迴路中的氣候系統。 ( This is very simplified and quickly written ) - When the output of a process becomes an input into the same process you have a positive feedback loop, which means that a system can run amok, since it keeps accelerating, in the crudest of terms. （ 這是非常簡化，並迅速書面） -當輸出的過程成為一個投入同樣的過程你有一個積極的反饋循環，這意味著系統可以為所欲為，因為它不斷加快，在粗暴的條件。 That is what is happening on various fronts in terms of climate change.這是發生在各條戰線上而言，氣候變化的影響。 The melting ice caps means that less sun is reflected and therefore more heart trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere, but the melting of the ice was caused by increased heat being trapped in the first place by the release of在冰蓋融化意味著不到太陽是反映，因此更心被困在地球的大氣層，但融化的冰，造成增加熱量被困在首位的釋放 green house gasses 大棚氣體 . 。 Moreover, the increase in dark surface (or oceans) means that even more heat is trapped.此外，增加在黑暗表面（或海洋）的手段，甚至更多的熱量是被困井下。 More and more.越來越多的。 The thawing of permafrost releases greenhouse gases trapped underneath its protective frozen, or, rather, melting shield, causing even more permafrost to give way for more gases.解凍的永凍土釋放溫室氣體被困在其保護凍結，或者說，盾構融化，造成更凍土讓路更氣體的排放。 The Asian Brown Cloud both attracts more heat as well we cause cooling in some places, but the mixture of the two leads to further climate chaos and irregularities on a sub-continent where they used to say that you could set your clock after the monsoon.亞洲褐雲都吸引了更多的熱量，以及我們事業的冷卻在一些地方，但混合的兩個進一步導致了氣候混亂和不規範的一個子大陸，他們曾經說過，你可以設定時鐘後，季風。 Hot and cold and irregular weather and an acceleration of deglaciation in the Himalayas and dramatically increased “food security issues” beyond the glacially dependent regions, those are the “facts”,冷熱和不規則的天氣和加速deglaciation在喜馬拉雅山脈和顯著增加“糧食安全問題”以外的glacially依賴地區，這些都是“事實” ， even if some cooling occurs 即使出現一些降溫 : ： “Globally however brown clouds may be countering or ‘masking’ the warming impacts of climate change by between 20 and up to 80 per cent the researchers suggest. “然而在全球範圍內褐色雲層可能是對付或'掩蓋'全球變暖的氣候變化影響的20至高達百分之八十的研究人員認為。 This is because of particles such as sulfates and some organics which reflect sunlight and cool the surface. 這是因為粒子，如硫酸鹽和一些有機物，反映陽光和涼爽的表面。 The cloud is also having impacts on air quality and agriculture in Asia increasing risks to human health and food production for three billion people.” 雲也影響了空氣質量和農業在亞洲越來越大的風險對人類健康和糧食生產3億人。 “ It is all connected.這是所有連接。 Deforestation is predominantly directly human made, but the last few years in the Amazon, with less rain and less water running down from the glaciers have accelerated deforestation because non-human made forest fires are occurring on large scale in the Amazon, producing clouds not entirely unlike the Asian Black Cloud.砍伐森林主要是直接人力，但過去幾年在亞馬遜，減少大雨和運行較少的水從冰川加速森林砍伐，因為非人類作出的森林火災發生大規模在亞馬遜，生產的雲彩不完全不同的是亞洲烏雲。 The output of climate change has become inputs and when processes accelerate in this manner we reach what輸出的氣候變化已成為投入和加速時的進程中，我們以這種方式達到什麼 Hansen calls tipping points 漢森呼籲引爆點 : ： “The Earth’s climate is nearing, but has not passed, a tipping point beyond which it will be impossible to avoid climate change with far-ranging undesirable consequences. “地球的氣候正在接近，但還沒有通過，一個臨界點以外，將不可能避免氣候變化範圍廣泛的不良後果。 These include not only the loss of the Arctic as we know it, with all that implies for wildlife and indigenous peoples, but losses on a much vaster scale due to rising seas. 這些因素不僅包括損失的北極我們所知道的一切，這意味著野生動物和土著民族，但損失更大規模無處不由於海平面上升。 Ocean levels will increase slowly at first, as losses at the fringes of Greenland and Antarctica due to accelerating ice streams are nearly balanced by increased snowfall and ice sheet thickening in the ice sheet interiors. 各級海洋慢慢將增加在第一，虧損的邊緣格陵蘭島和南極由於加速冰流幾乎是平衡的降雪量的增加和冰蓋厚度的冰層內部。 But as Greenland and West Antarctic ice is softened and lubricated by meltwater, and as buttressing ice shelves disappear because of a warming ocean, the balance will tip toward the rapid disintegration of ice sheets. 但是，格陵蘭島和南極西部冰軟化和潤滑的融化的雪水，並作為支撐的冰架消失，因為氣候變暖海洋，餘額將冰山迅速走向解體的冰蓋。 The Earth’s history suggests that with warming of two to three degrees, the new sea level will include not only most of the ice from Greenland and West Antarctica, but a portion of East Antarctica, raising the sea level by twenty-five meters, or eighty feet. 地球的歷史表明，隨著氣候變暖的2至3攝氏度，新的海平面將不僅包括大部分從格陵蘭島冰層和西南極洲，但部分東南極洲，提高海平面二十五米，或八十〇英尺。 Within a century, coastal dwellers will be faced with irregular flooding associated with storms. 在一個世紀以來，沿海居民將面臨洪水不規則相關的風暴。 They will have to continually rebuild above a transient water level.” (James Hansen 2006) 他們將不斷重建瞬態以上水位。 “ （詹姆斯漢森2006 ） Hansen leaves no doubt about where to find those responsible for human made climate change on a global and threatening scale.漢森離開毫無疑問，在哪裡可以找到那些負有責任的人提出氣候變化對全球威脅和規模。 In 1988 Hansen spoke before the US Congress and said that we can be 99% sure that climate change is human made and in 2008 he returned to speak before congress, now certain not only of what causes climate change, but also about who to hold responsible, namely CEOs of corporations that are “漢森在1988年之前，以美國國會和說，我們可以肯定99 ％ ，氣候變化是人類的進展和在2008年他回到國會面前發言，現在某些不僅是什麼原因導致氣候變化，而且還對向誰負責舉行，即跨國公司的CEO是“ fully aware of the disinformation about climate change they are spreading 充分認識到虛假的氣候變化，他們正在蔓延 ” (and causing). “ （造成） 。 That would in other words be the leading capitalists in the oil and energy sectors of the market.這將換言之，是主要的資本家在石油和能源部門的市場份額。 These climate change stories can be seen as evidence that the capitalist market place and mode of production are unsustainable: they use more resources than the world can regenerate with disasters already occurring.這些氣候變化的故事可以被視為證據表明，資本主義的市場和生產模式是不可持續的：他們使用更多的資源比世界可以再生的自然災害已經發生。 Conclusion: industrial capitalism is bad for you! Act NOW! 結論：工業資本主義是壞的你！法從速！ For else, where do the children play? 對於別人，哪裡的孩子玩？ Have Your Say: The Asian Brown Cloud: Global Climate Chaos and Tropical Glaciers 你說：亞洲褐雲：全球氣候混亂和熱帶冰川 Please read our請仔細閱讀我們的 posting guidelines before posting張貼在發布前的指導方針 . 。 Alternatively或者 you can discuss this report here你可以討論這份報告在這裡 . 。 2 Responses to “The Asian Brown Cloud: Global Climate Chaos and Tropical Glaciers”第2反應“亞洲褐雲：全球氣候混沌和熱帶冰川”
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