Sweatshops on Trial in North Carolina血汗工廠的審判在北卡羅萊納州
By 通過 Phil Mattera 菲爾mattera | In April, I |在四月，我 wrote寫 about the efforts of my son Thomas and other students at the University of North Carolina to get UNC’s administration to endorse the約的努力，我的兒子托馬斯和其他學生在北卡羅萊納大學取得UNC的政府贊同 Designated Suppliers Program指定供應商計劃 (DSP), an initiative that seeks to improve the abysmal working conditions of employees at companies that produce university logo apparel—a big business for schools such as Carolina. （ DSP ）的，一項倡議，旨在改善糟糕的工作條件，員工在公司的生產大學logo服裝的一大事業，為學校，如北卡羅來納州。
After在…之後 pressing迫切 the matter for many months without getting a response, UNC student activists launched a sit-in this spring at the building containing the office of Chancellor James Moeser.此事許多個月沒有得到回應，聯合國軍司令部學生活動分子發起了靜坐在今年春天在建設載辦公室校長詹姆斯moeser 。 The hope was that Moeser, who was planning to leave UNC, would resolve the DSP issue before departing.希望是moeser ，誰是計劃離開聯合國軍司令部，將解決問題的DSP之前離境。 The administration tolerated the occupation (with certain ground rules) but dragged its feet on the supplier issue. Finally, on May 2, after the sit-in had continued for 16 days, Moeser announced he would not act on the DSP.政府當局不能容忍的佔領（與某些規則） ，但拖了其立足於供應商的問題。最後，於五月二日後，靜坐在持續了16天， moeser宣布，他不會採取行動的DSP 。 This prompted students to occupy his personal office.這促使學生佔據他的個人辦公室。 After police arrived and arrested one activist, most of the protesters left.之後，警方抵達，並拘捕1活動家，大部分的示威者離開。 Those who remained, including Thomas, were eventually arrested and charged with “failure to disperse.” Salma Mirza, the only one who went limp when taken into custody, was also charged with resisting arrest.這些誰仍然存在，包括托馬斯，最後被拘捕，並被控以“失敗驅散” 。薩爾瑪米爾扎，只有一個誰去跛行時，考慮到保管，還被控拒捕。
Yesterday, the five anti-sweatshop activists had their day in court in Chapel Hill.昨天，五反血汗工廠活動家，他們每天在法庭上的Chapel Hill 。 The charges, all misdemeanors, were heard in Orange County District Court right across from campus on Franklin Street, the main student shopping strip and the place where UNC fans celebrate major basketball victories.收費，所有的輕罪，聽取了在奧蘭治縣地方法院的權利，整個校園就Franklin街，主要的學生購物帶和地方的UNC球迷慶祝的重大籃球的勝利。 District Court normally deals with mundane matters such as traffic violations, so it caused a stir when the five defendants, all wearing blue t-shirts emblazoned with the slogan “Justice for All Workers,” showed up with their pro bono legal team—led by veteran civil rights lawyer Al McSurely—and supporters who filled the gallery.地方法院通常處理世俗的事項，例如交通違規，因此它引起了轟動，當五名被告，身穿藍色T卹，印有口號是“正義為所有工人， ”表明了他們的無償法律團隊領導的資深公民權利的律師基地mcsurely和支持者誰填補了畫廊。
The defendants’ plea of not guilty was followed by a three-hour trial presided over by Judge Pat Devine without a jury.被告拒不認罪並隨後進行了長達三小時的審判主持法官的八Devine ）在沒有陪審團參與。 The prosecution’s case consisted of the testimony of four police officers and a video of the arrests.起訴的案件構成的證詞，四名警務人員及錄影帶的人被捕。 As his first defense witness, McSurely called on Mirza, who started to give a detailed description of the sweatshop problem and the campaign to get universities to sign on to the DSP (around 45 have done so).作為他的第一防禦證人， mcsurely所謂對米爾扎，誰開始給予詳細說明對血汗工廠的問題和運動，獲得大學簽署關於向DSP的（約45有這樣做） 。 When the prosecution objected, Judge Devine refused to rule the background testimony irrelevant but said that no more than five minutes could be devoted to it.當控方反對，法官Devine ）拒絕排除背景的證詞無關，但表示不會超過五分鐘，可專門為它投入。 In doing so, the judge made it clear she was taking it for granted that the students were justified in arguing that supplier factories were abusive and that the UNC administration was complicit.在這樣做時，法官很清楚，她把它理所當然地認為，學生的理由認為，供應商，工廠，辱罵，並認為聯合國軍司令部，政府當局共犯。 The administration, though not a party to the case and not represented at the trial, was in effect being found guilty of enabling worker exploitation.政府當局表示，雖然不是黨的案件，並沒有派代表出席了審判，是在效果被發現有罪，使工人的剝削。
McSurely’s other objective was to have the charges against the five students dismissed. mcsurely的其他目標是有控告五名學生被解僱。 He sought to do this in several ways: he argued that the exact charge of “failure to disperse” was inappropriate in the circumstances; he elicited testimony from the students that they had never heard a final warning that they would be subject to arrest if they did not leave the chancellor’s office; he had Linda Gomaa, the first to be arrested, testify that she was taken into custody before any kind of warning was given; and he argued that Mirza’s behavior did not constitute resisting arrest.他要求這樣做在幾個方面：他認為，確切負責“的失敗驅散”是不恰當的在這種情況下，他的證詞引起了從學生，他們從未聽說過的最後警告說，他們會受到逮捕，如果他們沒有離開校長的辦公室，他已琳達戈馬，首先被逮捕，作證，她被拘留之前，任何形式的警告;和他爭辯說，米爾扎的行為並不構成拒捕。
McSurely also presented a necessity defense, arguing that even if the students technically broke the law, they should be found not guilty because their actions were in pursuit of a higher good. mcsurely還提出了國防的必要性 ，認為即使學生在技術上違反了法律，他們應該找到不認罪，因為他們的行動是在追求更高的好。 This was buttressed, for example, by the testimony of defendant Tim Stallmann that the university had previously improved the working conditions of the campus housekeeping staff after students staged protests and engaged in civil disobedience.這是支撐，例如，通過的證詞，被告添stallmann認為，大學以前改善了工作條件，校園，工地的工作人員後，學生抗議，並在從事公民抗命。
Judge Devine did not accept any of those arguments.法官Devine ）不接受任何的這些論點。 She concluded that the defendants knew they were crossing a line when they moved the sit-in to the the chancellor’s office; that the police adequately warned the students they would be arrested if they didn’t leave the premises; and that Mirza’s behavior constituted resisting arrest.她在總結時指出，被告知道他們過線時，他們提出的靜坐在向校長的辦公室;表示，警方充分警告學生，他們將被逮捕，如果他們不離開處所;和米爾扎'行為構成拒捕。 She also rejected the necessity defense, agreeing with the prosecutor that there was insufficient “nexus” between the actions of the students and the ending of worker exploitation.她也拒絕了國防部的必要性，同意與檢察官有足夠的“關係”之間的行動，學生和結束剝削工人。
The judge, however, made it clear she had enormous respect for the five students, each of whom had been called by McSurely to testify about their commitment to social and economic justice.法官，不過，很清楚她有著巨大的尊重，為5名學生，每個人已被所謂的mcsurely作證，對他們的承諾，社會和經濟正義。 Sarah Hirsch, for example, described her work with莎拉赫希，例如，描述她的工作與 Witness for Peace證人和平 , and Thomas mentioned that he had just completed a ten-week program with a non-profit called ，和托馬斯提到，他剛剛完成了10週的計劃與一個非營利性的所謂 Bike and Build自行車和建設 , during which he and others cycled across the country and worked on Habit for Humanity-type housing projects along the way.期間，他和其他騎自行車該國各地和工作的習慣，為人類型住房項目在前進的道路上。
After the prosecutor indicated the state was not seeking harsh penalties, Judge Devine in effect imposed no sentences at all.之後，檢察官表示，該國不尋求嚴厲的懲罰，法官在Devine ）的影響並沒有強加給服刑所有。 Instead, she entered a “prayer for judgment continued,” a procedure—unique to North and South Carolina, it seems—in which there is a finding of guilt but no formal conviction is entered on the defendant’s record.相反，她進入了一個“祈禱的判斷續說： ”一個程序-獨特的北部和南卡羅來納州，這似乎-在其中是有發現有罪，但沒有正式的信念是進入對被告的紀錄。
All parties got what they wanted.各方都得到他們想要的東西。 The prosecutor got a finding of guilt, the police were vindicated in their actions, and the students got an opportunity to highlight the sweatshop issue in court and ended up with the mildest possible adverse ruling.檢察官找到了罪惡感，警方平反，在他們的行動，和學生得到一個機會，以突出血汗工廠的問題，在法庭上結束了與溫和可能產生的不利裁決。 The only real loser was the UNC administration, whose intransigence on the DSP issue emerged from the trial looking even more unreasonable.唯一真正的輸家是政府的UNC ，其頑固立場對DSP的問題，出現了從審判尋找更不合理。
Have Your Say: Sweatshops on Trial in North Carolina 你說：血汗工廠的審判在北卡羅萊納州
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