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Republicans’ Offshore Drilling Plan Would Expand Dysfunctional System共和黨人的海上鑽井計劃將擴大系統功能失調 Thursday, June 19th, 2008 週四， 2008年6月19日
For those who missed this particular scandal, here is some background.對於那些誰錯過這個特別的醜聞，這裡是一些背景。 Commercial offshore oil drilling was商業近海石油鑽探 pioneered首創 in the late 1940s by Kerr-McGee Corp. While little thought was given to environmental issues at the time, there were disputes between the federal government and coastal states over which should control the leasing process.在1940年代後期由科麥奇公司公司，而很少認為是由於環境問題在時間，有公司之間的糾紛聯邦政府和沿海國家，其中應控制租賃過程。 The 1953 Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act gave the states control over the first three miles (more for Texas and the Gulf Coast of Florida), and the feds took over after that up to the 200-mile territorial limit. 1953年外大陸架土地法，給國家的控制權，首3英里（更多的德克薩斯州和墨西哥灣沿岸的佛羅里達州） ，以及聯邦調查局接手後，多達200英里的領土限制。 There wasn’t much controversy over offshore drilling until 1969, when an undersea well off the coast of Santa Barbara, California suffered a blowout and leaked 200,000 gallons of oil that contaminated 35 miles of coastline.有沒有太大的爭議，海上鑽井，直到1969年，當海底以及沿海海面的聖塔芭芭拉，加州遭受了井噴和洩漏二零零零零零加侖石油污染的35英里的海岸線。 This led to state and federal restrictions on offshore drilling in new areas.這導致州政府和聯邦政府的限制，對海上鑽井在新的領域。 Periodically over the past 30 years, the oil & gas industry and its allies in Congress have tried to ease the limits but were shot down.定期在過去30年裡，石油和天然氣工業和它的盟友在國會曾試圖以紓緩限制，但被擊落。 Defeated in its effort to get access to more offshore areas, the industry sought to make its existing drilling more profitable by pressing for reductions in the royalties it had to pay the federal government through the Interior Department’s打敗在其努力獲取更多境外地區，行業的要求，使其現有的鑽探更有利可圖的，由緊迫的削減，在特許權使用費，這要付出聯邦政府通過內部署的 Minerals Management Service礦產資源管理服務 (MMS). （彩信） 。 In the mid-1990s, when energy prices were relatively low (oil was at about $16 a gallon), Congress gave in to industry pressure and passed在20世紀90年代中期，當能源價格相對較低（油約16元一加侖） ，國會在了業界的壓力，並通過 legislation立法 in 1995 providing “royalty relief.”在1995年提供的“專營權費的救濟” 。 The law contained safeguards to prevent a windfall for drilling companies by terminating the relief when oil prices rose above a certain level, but Clinton Administration officials failed to include those provisions in some 1,000 deepwater leases it signed in 1998 and 1999.法中所載的保障措施，以防止意外鑽井公司終止救濟時，石油價格上漲超過某一水平，但克林頓政府官員沒有包括這些規定在一些1000年的深水契約簽署的在1998年和1999年。 That oversight would come to haunt the federal government.監督會來困擾聯邦政府。 As oil prices rose in 2004 to the point at which royalty relief should have ended on those leases, the cost to the Treasury in lost revenue rose to billions of dollars.由於石油價格上漲在2004年到該點即專營權費的救濟，應該已經結束，對那些契約，成本向庫務署在收入損失上升至數十億美元。 Once the situation became publicly known, thanks to一旦局勢成為公開眾所周知，感謝 reporting報告 by Edmund Andrews of the New York Times , some oil companies agreed to renegotiate the leases, while others such as Exxon Mobil and Chevron refused.由何厚鏵安德魯斯的新的紐約時報 ，一些油公司同意重新談判契約，而其他如埃克森美孚和雪佛龍公司拒絕。 Complicating the situation, Kerr-McGee (now part of Anadarko Petroleum) later brought a複雜的形勢，科麥奇公司（現在的一部分， anadarko石油）後來帶來了 legal challenge法律上的挑戰 against the safeguards, making the dubious argument that Congress never intended to give MMS the authority to impose them.對保障措施，使可疑的說法，國會從未打算讓MMS的權威強加給他們。 Last year the drillers received a favorable去年，鑽井收到了良好的 ruling執政黨 in the case, prompting the Government Accountability Office to在該情況下，促使政府問責辦公室 estimate估計 recently that, if the decision is upheld, the loss of revenue from leases signed from 1996 through 2000 could be as high as $53 billion.最近，如果這個決定是堅持，而損失的收入從契約的簽署從1996年到2000年可能高達530億美元。 The federal government is also likely being cheated on leases signed after 2000.美國聯邦政府也可能受騙於契約簽訂後，於2000年。 In 2006, several MMS auditors在2006年，幾個彩信審計 publicly charged公開被控 that they had been pressured by their superiors to terminate investigations of underreporting of royalties related to leases not subject to royalty relief.他們已的壓力，他們的上級終止調查報告不足的版稅相關的契約，並不受專營權費的救濟。 This is the dysfunctional system that the Republicans want to expand.這是功能性的制度，共和黨希望擴大服務範圍。 One is tempted to ask: Is this really about increasing oil supplies—or creating another giveaway for Big Oil?一個是誘惑，要問：這是真的增加石油供應-或創造另一個giveaway大石油？ See More: 看到更多的： Oil 石油 USA News 美國新聞Have Your Say: Republicans’ Offshore Drilling Plan Would Expand Dysfunctional System 你說：共和黨的海上鑽井計劃將擴大系統功能失調 Please note, only selected comments will be published.請注意，只有選定的評論將出版。 Or discuss this report in our new forums 或討論這個報告在我們的新論壇 This entry was posted on Thursday, June 19th, 2008 at 4:07 pm and is filed under 此項目被張貼在週四， 2008年6月19日在下午4時07分，並提交下 Contributions & Guests 貢獻＆客人 . 。 You can follow any responses to this entry through the 您可以按照任何的反應，此項目通過 RSS 2.0 2.0 feed. 餵養。 You can 您可以 leave a response 留下的回應 , or ，或 trackback Trackback跟踪 from your own site. 從你自己的網站。 | Translations 翻譯               Free Newsletter 免費通訊 Related News 相關新聞
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