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Donderdag, 19 Juni, 2008
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Het Plan van de' ZeeBoring van republikeinen zou Dysfunctioneel Systeem uitbreiden

Donderdag, 19 Juni, 2008

drillingofroil.jpgDoor Phil Mattera | De reactie op de politiek opportunistic vraag door het Beleid en John McCain wordt van Bush om zeeolieboring uit te breiden ontworpen hoofdzakelijk in milieutermen. De boring, die zou doen niets op korte termijn stijgende benzineprijzen richten, zou inderdaad tot ernstige risico's voor de kustlijnen van Florida en Californië leiden en zou het globale verwarmen verergeren. Maar toch is er een andere dwingende reden om zich het plan te verzetten: het federale systeem om voor de kust te huren is gekenmerkt door brutowanbeheer dat grote oliemaatschappijen heeft toegestaan vermijden betalend miljarden dollars in royaltys. Er is geen reden om te betwijfelen of een uitbreiding van het boren van huur meer van het zelfde zou brengen.

Voor zij die dit bepaalde schandaal misten, hier is wat achtergrond. De commerciële zeeolieboring was bereid in de recente jaren '40 door Kerr-McGee Corp. Terwijl weinig gedachte werd gegeven aan milieukwesties tegelijkertijd, waren er geschillen tussen de federale overheid en de kuststaten waarover het het huren proces zou moeten controleren. Het Akte van het Land van het Continentaal plat van 1953 Buiten gaf de statencontrole meer dan de eerste drie mijlen (meer voor Texas en de Kust van de Golf van Florida), en feds namen na dat tot de 200 mijl territoriale grens over.

Er was niet veel controverse over zeeboring tot 1969, toen onderzeese rijk de kust van Santa Barbara, Californië aan een uitbarsting leed en 200.000 gallons olie lekte die 35 mijlen van kustlijn vervuilden. Dit leidde tot staat en federale beperkingen op zeeboring op nieuwe gebieden. Periodiek in de loop van de afgelopen 30 jaar, hebben de olie & gasindustrie en zijn bondgenoten in Congres geprobeerd om de grenzen te verlichten maar neer ontsproten.

Verslagen in zijn inspanning om toegang tot meer zeegebieden te krijgen, wilde de industrie zijn het bestaande boren voordeliger maken door op verminderingen van de royaltys aan te dringen het de federale overheid door de Binnenlandse Afdeling moest betalen De Dienst van het Beheer van mineralen (MMS). In de medio-jaren '90, toen de energieprijzen (de olie bedroeg ongeveer $16 een gallon) vrij laag waren, gaf het Congres aan de industriedruk toe en ging over de wetgeving in 1995 verstrekkend „royaltyhulp.“

The law contained safeguards to prevent a windfall for drilling companies by terminating the relief when oil prices rose above a certain level, but Clinton Administration officials failed to include those provisions in some 1,000 deepwater leases it signed in 1998 and 1999.

That oversight would come to haunt the federal government. As oil prices rose in 2004 to the point at which royalty relief should have ended on those leases, the cost to the Treasury in lost revenue rose to billions of dollars. Once the situation became publicly known, thanks to reporting by Edmund Andrews of the New York Times, some oil companies agreed to renegotiate the leases, while others such as Exxon Mobil and Chevron refused.

Complicating the situation, Kerr-McGee (now part of Anadarko Petroleum) later brought a legal challenge against the safeguards, making the dubious argument that Congress never intended to give MMS the authority to impose them. Last year the drillers received a favorable ruling in the case, prompting the Government Accountability Office to estimate recently that, if the decision is upheld, the loss of revenue from leases signed from 1996 through 2000 could be as high as $53 billion.

The federal government is also likely being cheated on leases signed after 2000. In 2006, several MMS auditors publicly charged that they had been pressured by their superiors to terminate investigations of underreporting of royalties related to leases not subject to royalty relief.

This is the dysfunctional system that the Republicans want to expand. One is tempted to ask: Is this really about increasing oil supplies—or creating another giveaway for Big Oil?

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