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 | Translate: 翻译：               Record Corporate Bailout Reveals the Bankruptcy of American Capitalism记录企业的救助，揭示了破产的美国资本主义 Sunday, September 14th, 2008 周日， 2008年9月14日 WSWS wsws | The US government takeover of the mortgage finance giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac has dealt a shattering blow to the ideology of market capitalism, which has been used for decades to justify a relentless assault on the working class and a vast transfer of wealth to the American ruling elite. |美国政府收购的按揭贷款巨头Fannie Mae的和Freddie Mac已处理1破灭的打击，思想市场资本主义，其中已使用了几十年的理由无情的殴打关于工人阶级和广大财富转移给美国统治精英。 The endless invocations of the virtues of private enterprise, individual entrepreneurship and self-reliance, used to demonize socialism and defend a system that exploits the vast majority for the benefit of a financial elite, have been exposed as frauds.无休止的调用的美德，民营企业，个体企业家精神和自力更生，用丑化和捍卫社会主义制度，利用绝大多数为造福金融精英，已暴露了作为诈骗。 When it comes to big capital, losses are socialized.当谈到大资本，是社会的损失。 Only profits remain private.只有利润仍然是私人。 The same forces who year after year have inveighed against “big government” in order to justify the removal of all legal impediments to the accumulation of corporate profits and private fortunes, and carry out the destruction of social safeguards for the working class, have engineered a massive expansion of government power to safeguard the interests of the financial elite.同时势力谁年复一年有inveighed反对“大政府”在为了证明清除所有法律障碍的积累，企业获利和私人财富，并进行破坏，社会保障，劳动阶层，有工程一大规模扩展政府权力的利益得到保障金融精英。 The bailout has as well exposed the real relations of political power and influence behind the façade of American democracy.已救助，以及暴露了真正的关系，政治权力和影响力背后的外观，美国的民主。 The largest government bailout of private companies in world history—whose ultimate cost to taxpayers is likely to reach hundreds of billions—was sanctioned in advance by the Democratic Congress and given instant approval by the leadership of both parties and both of their presidential candidates.最大的政府救助的私营公司在世界历史上-其最终的成本向纳税人是可能达到数千亿-被制裁在事先由民主党国会和给予即时批准的领导当事双方和双方他们的总统候选人。 There have been no investigations into the greatest financial scandal in world history.有没有调查，最大的金融丑闻，在世界历史。 Neither party has any interest in bringing to light the swindling and skullduggery of the Wall Street moguls, because they are both bound hand and foot to those responsible for the financial debacle.任何一方都没有有任何的兴趣，使灯光诈骗和skullduggery的华尔街巨头，因为他们都是约束手和脚那些负责财政崩溃。 What has been revealed is the existence in the United States, behind the increasingly tattered veneer of democratic institutions, of a plutocracy—the political rule of the rich.已发现的存在是在美国，背后的日益tattered单板的民主制度，一个plutocracy -政治法治的丰富。 When it comes to the basic interests of the financial aristocracy, both parties and all of the official institutions of society snap to attention and do the bidding of their Wall Street masters.当谈到的根本利益，金融贵族，当事双方和所有的官方机构的社会管理单元，以重视和做好招投标的其华尔街的主人。 The bailout of the two mortgage giants—which account for 80 percent of new home mortgages in the US—is a demonstration of the historic failure of American capitalism and the profit system on a global scale.救助的两个按揭巨人-占80 ％的新的住房抵押贷款在美国是一个示范的历史性失败，美国资本主义和利润系统在全球范围内。 It was precipitated by the deepest economic crisis since the Depression of the 1930s, whose epicenter is the United States.这是沉淀最深的经济危机以来，抑郁症的20世纪30年代，其震中是美国。 The Bush administration moved to take over Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac under conditions of a rapid erosion of international confidence in the solvency of not only these two companies, but of the United States government itself.布什政府提出的接管Fannie Mae的和Freddie Mac的条件下，迅速侵蚀国际的信心的偿债能力，不仅这两家公司，但美国政府本身。 Over the past several months, global investors, including central banks and government investment funds, primarily in Asia and Russia, have been dumping their vast holdings in mortgage-backed securities issued by the US government-sponsored firms.在过去数个月，全球投资者，包括中央银行和政府投资资金，主要是在亚洲和俄罗斯，已大量倾销其持有的已发行按揭证券由美国政府赞助的公司。 Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have a combined liability of $5.3 trillion in mortgage-backed securities which they own or guarantee. Fannie Mae的和Freddie Mac有一个合并的法律责任五万三千点零零亿美元在住房抵押贷款证券，他们自己或保证。 The run on their assets has not only intensified the crisis of the two companies, which are massively leveraged and have suffered billions of dollars in losses as a result of the collapse of the US housing market, it has thrown into question the status of all US government debt, including US Treasury bonds.执行对他们的资产不仅加剧了危机，两家公司，这是大量杠杆，并已遭受数十亿美元的损失，由于崩溃，美国的房屋市场，它扔进问题的地位，美国所有的政府债务，包括美国国库债券。 The US, by far the world’s largest debtor nation, with a current account deficit of nearly $800 billion, is sustained by the inflow of hundreds of billions of dollars from abroad.美国，迄今为止，世界上最大的债务国，与经常帐赤字接近8000亿美元，是由持续流入数千亿美元从国外。 It currently imports $1 trillion in foreign capital every year, or over $4 billion every working day.它目前进口1万亿美元外国资本，每年或超过40亿美元，每工作一天。 But the assumption by the US government of the debts of the two mortgage companies, while averting an immediate financial meltdown, only compounds the crisis of American capitalism.但假设由美国政府的债务两个按揭公司，而避免了立即的金融崩溃，只有化合物的危机，美国的资本主义。 As Martin Wolf, the financial correspondent of the Financial Times, wrote on Tuesday, “As a result, US housing finance has been brought under direct government control and, in the process, the gross liabilities of the US government, properly measured, have increased by $5,400 billion, a sum equal to the entire publicly held debt and 40 percent of gross domestic product.”马丁狼来了，财政通讯员金融时报写道，对周二， “因此，美国的住房融资，已提请下，政府直接控制，并在这个过程中，总负债的美国政府，妥善衡量，增加了由五万四点零零零亿美元，一笔相等于整个公开举行的债务和40 ％的国内生产总值“ 。 At a stroke, US sovereign debt has doubled and is now roughly equal to America’s gross domestic product.在中风后，美国的主权债务增加了一倍，目前是大约相当于美国的国内生产总值。 On July 14, one day after US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson called for legislation to give him unilateral and unlimited powers to use public funds to rescue Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the Wall Street Journal editorialized on the implications of a government bailout of the two companies. 7月14日，一天后，美国财政部部长亨利保尔森呼吁立法给他单方面的和无限的权力，使用公共资金拯救Fannie Mae的和Freddie Mac ，华尔街日报editorialized上的影响，政府救助的两家公司。 It wrote: “But with financial woes mounting, some investors are betting they may profit from weighing the unthinkable question: Could the US government default?”它写道： “但随着金融的疾苦安装，一些投资者博彩他们可能利润从称重不可思议的问题：请问，美国政府默认” ？ This immense increase in US government indebtedness can only further undermine international confidence in the credit-worthiness of US Treasury bonds, resulting in a further decline in the dollar and a sharp increase in the interest paid by the US to borrow from its international creditors.这一巨大的增加，在美国政府的负债只能进一步破坏国际的信心，信用，老有所为的美国国库债券，从而在进一步下降，美元大幅增加，在所支付的利息由美国借用它的国际债权人。 The claims made by the Bush administration, echoed by the US media, that the bailout of the two mortgage finance companies will consume at most $200 billion in public funds—itself a massive amount that eclipses previous corporate bailouts, including the $160 billion bailout of the savings and loans industry less than two decades ago—are not credible.该所提出的要求，布什政府赞同由美国媒体报道，该救助的两个按揭的财务公司，将消耗在最二千亿元的公共资金-本身就是一个庞大的金额eclipses前公司bailouts ，包括1600亿美元，救助该储蓄和贷款业不到两年的几十年前，都没有可信的。 An indication of the sums envisioned by US policy makers is the fact that the legislation passed last July giving Paulson the power to bail out Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac raised the US debt limit by $800 billion, increasing the cushion between the debt limit and current government indebtedness to $1.1 trillion.显示的款项所设想的美国决策者是一个事实，即通过的法例，去年7月给保尔森的权力保释出来Fannie Mae的和Freddie Mac所提出的美国债务限额由8000亿美元，增加缓冲之间的债务限额和目前的政府欠债1.1万亿美元。 Some sense of the social priorities of the US ruling elite and its two parties can be gleaned from a comparison between the sums being extended to bail out just these two companies and those allocated by the federal government in 2008 for education ($67.5 billion), unemployment benefits ($37.3 billion), highways and mass transit ($53.1 billion) and housing ($7.4 billion).从一定意义上的社会的优先次序，美国统治精英及其两党可以收集从一个对比的款项，正扩展到保释出来只是这两家公司和那些分配由联邦政府在2008年教育（六七五〇 〇 〇 〇 〇 〇 〇 〇美元） ，失业福利（三百七十三万点零零万美元） ，公路和大众捷运（ 5310000万美元）及房屋（ 74亿美元） 。 Moreover, the bailout of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac is only the prelude to a far broader use of public funds to bolster the balance sheets of major corporations.此外，救助Fannie Mae的和Freddie Mac的是仅是序幕对于一个遥远的更广泛地利用公共资金，以加强资产负债表的大公司。 Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama and his Republican opponent John McCain are both supporting a $50 billion bailout of the US auto companies, which will inevitably entail further cuts in jobs and wages.民主党总统候选人巴拉克奥巴马和他的共和党对手麦凯恩都是支持500亿美元的救助的美国汽车公司，这将无可避免地带来进一步削减在就业和工资。 And the plunge of the Wall Street investment bank Lehman Brothers toward bankruptcy—the firm’s stock fell by 45 percent on Tuesday—poses another rescue operation similar to the $29 billion bailout of Bear Stearns last March.和大跌华尔街投资银行雷曼兄弟公司对破产公司的股票下跌了45 ％ ，周二-构成另一个类似的救援行动，以290亿元的救助的贝尔斯登去年3月。 It is already being widely broached that the government establish a permanent mechanism for using taxpayer funds to buy billions of dollars in failing assets from major banks and financial companies.这是已被广泛broached表示，政府建立一个常设的机制，用纳税人的资金购买数十亿美元的资产，未能从大银行和金融公司。 The Wall Street Journal wrote on Tuesday, “Creating a government-backed entity to buy up these assets could jump-start the market for home loans and relieve banks and other financial institutions, which are taking big hits to their balance sheets as they fall in value.”华尔街日报发表文章周二， “建立一个政府支持的实体来购买这些资产可以跳转启动市场的购房贷款和减轻银行和其他金融机构，正在大安打，以他们的资产负债表，因为他们属于在价值“ 。 The Financial Times sounded the same theme, declaring, “The US government might end up having to support the recapitalization of a much wider range of financial institutions in order to curb the credit crunch.”金融时报吹响了同一主题，声称： “美国政府最终可能不得不支持剥离的更广泛的金融机构，以遏止信贷紧缩” 。 These statements give the lie to the attempt to portray Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac as aberrations, which in their reckless speculation and pursuit of super profits departed from the norm.这些报表给予谎言，企图塑造Fannie Mae的和Freddie Mac作为畸变，而在他们的鲁莽的投机活动和追求超级利润偏离了规范。 On the contrary, they typify the financial parasitism and outright criminality that have become pervasive characteristics of the workings of American capitalism and the social physiognomy of the US corporate elite.与此相反，他们典型的金融寄生和买断卖断的犯罪行为已成为普遍的特点，运作的美国资本主义和社会地貌的美国企业精英。 The operations of the two government-sponsored firms are entirely in line with the unbridled speculation, based on an immense expansion of debt, that has become the hallmark of American capitalism.运作这两个由政府赞助的公司，完全是在符合肆无忌惮的投机活动的基础上，一个巨大的膨胀的债务，这已成为标志，美国的资本主义。 Their role in the housing and credit boom that has now come crashing down was of a piece with the creation of the vast edifice of paper values, engineered through the so-called “securitization” of debt, which sustained the super profits and immense salaries raked in by Wall Street.他们的作用，在房屋和信贷荣景现在已崩溃，下跌是一块与创造广大大厦的文件，价值观，工程通过了所谓的“证券化”的债务，其中持续超级的利润和巨大的薪俸raked在华尔街。 In the wake of the bailout, press reports have noted the bloated salaries of the companies’ CEOs.在之后的救助，新闻报道指出，臃肿的薪酬，公司的CEO 。 Before they were sacked as part of the government takeover, Fannie Mae CEO Daniel Mudd and Freddie Mac chief Richard Syron took in between them $29.5 million over the several years they headed their respective corporations.之前，他们被解雇的一部分，政府收购， Fannie Mae的首席执行官Daniel mudd和Freddie Mac首席理查德syron了在它们之间的二千九百五点○万美元过去几年，他们各自为首的公司。 And they stand to receive another $29 million as part of their exit packages.他们的立场，以收到另一2900万美元的一部分，其出口的软件包。 But these sums are by no means exceptional.但这些款项是绝不例外。 The Financial Times reported last week that compensation for major executives of the seven biggest US banks totaled $95 billion between 2005 and 2007.金融时报上周报道说，赔偿的主要行政人员的七个美国最大的银行总计950亿美元之间的2005年和2007年。 The collapse of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac is a paradigm of the US economy as a whole.崩溃， Fannie Mae的和Freddie Mac是一个范式的美国经济作为一个整体。 Over the past three decades, the decay of American capitalism has taken the form of a vast growth of financial parasitism.在过去30年间，衰变美国资本主义已经采取的形式是一个巨大的增长，财政寄生。 At its heart, this involves the separation of wealth creation from the creation of real value in the production process.在其心，这涉及到的分离创造财富从创造真正的价值在生产过程中。 The American ruling elite has largely dismantled the productive base of the US economy, ruthlessly downsizing manufacturing at the cost of millions of jobs and the destruction of working class living standards, in order to reap higher profits from increasingly reckless forms of financial speculation.美国统治精英已在很大程度上拆除了生产基地的美国经济，无情瘦身制造业的成本百万计的就业机会和销毁工作阶层的生活水准，在以谋取更高的利润日益鲁莽形式的金融投机活动。 The indices of the growth of financial speculation in the US economy are staggering: In 1982, the profits of US financial companies accounted for 5 percent of total after-tax corporate profits.指数的增长，金融投机，在美国经济是惊人的：在1982年的利润，美国金融公司占5 ％的总后税企业获利。 In 2007, they made up 41 percent of corporate profits.在2007年，他们作出了41 ％的企业获利。 This process has generated ever greater levels of social inequality, the most telling symptom of the degenerate state of the US profit system.这个过程中已经产生越来越大的程度的社会不平等，最能说明问题的症状退化的状态，美国的利润体系。 A report by the Congressional Research Service, updated July 31, provides a measure of the ever growing chasm between the ruling elite and the broad mass of the American people.报告由国会研究服务，更新7月31日，提供了一个衡量的日益增加之间的鸿沟统治精英和广大的美国人民。 It states that the share of national income accounted for by the top 1 percent of earners (as reported on tax returns) reached 21.8 percent in 2005—a level not seen since 1928.它指出，分享国民收入的比重由顶端的1 ％仔（如对税报税表）达到21.8 ％ ，在2005年的水平，没有看到，自1928年。 The report further noted that in 2006, corporate profits totaled 12.4 percent of national income, a level not reached in 50 years.该报告进一步指出，在2006年，公司的利润总额为12.4 ％ ，国民收入，水平没有达到在50年。 The cost of the ever-expanding bailout of American big business will be borne squarely by the working class.成本不断扩大救助的美国大企业将承担正视由劳动阶层。 Even in the midst of growing unemployment and poverty and a flood of home foreclosures, there is much talk in the media about the American people “living beyond their means.”即使在处于日益增长的失业和贫困和洪水的主页foreclosures ，有很多谈话，媒体有关美国人民“的生活超出其手段” 。 That the next administration, whether headed by McCain or Obama, will sharply intensify the assault on working class living standards was spelled out by the New York Times, which editorialized Tuesday: “Senators John McCain and Barack Obama have both voiced support for the bailout, which shows good judgment.认为下一届政府，是否为首的麦凯恩或奥巴马，将大幅加强进攻，工人阶级的生活水平，是所阐明的新的纽约时报， editorialized星期二： “参议员约翰麦凯恩和巴拉克奥巴马都表示支持的救助，这表明，良好的判断力。 But what the next president will need to worry about, and both candidates need to talk about, is the depth of the country’s economic problems.但下一任总统将需要担心，和两位候选人的需要谈谈，是深入该国的经济问题。 It will take discipline and sacrifice to address them.”它会采取纪律和牺牲解决这些问题“ 。 The only alternative to a rapid lowering of working class living standards and the only rational and progressive solution to the financial crisis is a socialist program of nationalization of the entire financial system under the democratic control of the working people, with provisions to secure the investments of small depositors and share-holders.唯一的办法，以迅速降低劳动阶层的生活水平和唯一合理的和进步的办法来解决金融危机的是社会主义计划国有化整个金融体系下，民主党控制了劳动人民，与条文，以确保投资小存户和分享持有人。 The wealth and resources of the country must be developed and allocated to meet the social needs of the population, not the money-mad strivings of financial speculators.财富和资源，国家必须制定和分配，以满足社会需要的人口，而不是金钱疯狂strivings金融炒家。 This policy can be carried out only through the independent political mobilization of the working class in opposition to the two-party system and the financial aristocracy which it serves.这项政策可以进行，只有通过独立的政治动员广大劳工阶层在反对两党制和金融贵族，它的服务。 The Socialist Equality Party is dedicated to the building of such a mass socialist movement of the working class.社会主义平等党，是致力于建设这样一个大规模社会主义运动的劳动阶层。 Copyright 1998-2008 - World Socialist Web Site - All rights reserved版权1998-2008年-世界社会主义网站-保留所有权利 Have Your Say: Record Corporate Bailout Reveals the Bankruptcy of American Capitalism 你说：记录公司的救助，揭示了破产的美国资本主义 Please read our请阅读我们的 posting guidelines before posting发布指引，然后再发布 . 。 Alternatively或者 you can discuss this report here您可以讨论此报告在这里 . 。 Related News 相关新闻
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