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 | Translate: 翻譯：               Policing “target communities”治安“目標的社區” Monday, November 3rd, 2008 星期一， 2008年十一月3日 By通過 Paul Donovan保羅多諾萬 | The decision of the Court of Appeal that the state can place people under control orders (house arrest) without ever telling them what they are accused of has huge implications for civil rights. |的決定，上訴法院，國家可以將人控制命令（軟禁）無以往任何時候都告訴他們什麼，他們被指控有巨大影響的公民權利。 A control order works by tagging the individual around the ankle and restricting him or her to a house or flat for a set number of hours each day.為了控制標記的作品個人左右腳踝，並限制他或她一所房子或持平一套的時數，每一天。 When the individual leaves the premises, they have a set area in which they are able to move.當個別葉片的處所，他們有一套在這方面他們能夠動議。 The individual has to ring the tagging company a number of times each day from a dedicated phone and may also be required to report to a police station.個人響公司的標籤了很多次，每天從一個專用電話，並可能還需要向一個警察局。 The case of Ceri Bullivant underlines the dangers.的情況下Ceri布里強調了危險。 A Muslim from Essex, Bullivant was put on trial before last Christmas for breaking the terms of a control order.一個穆斯林由Essex ，布里是審判之前，去年聖誕節打斷條件的控制命令。 His solicitor, Gareth Peirce, argued successfully for his acquittal and says he was cleared after it emerged that the basis for the control order was a tip-off from “a friend of Ceri’s mother who, after drinking heavily, had phoned Scotland Yard, which failed to ever contact the caller to ask for further information”.他的律師，加雷思皮爾斯，成功地辯稱，他無罪，並說，他是清理後出現的基礎，是為了控制線報，由“一個朋友Ceri的母親誰，大量飲酒後，曾打電話給蘇格蘭場，這沒有任何聯繫，打電話，要求進一步資料。 “ The way in which anti-terror laws can be used for purposes other that those for which they were purportedly enacted are becoming legend.以何種方式反恐法可用於其他目的，這些對他們頒布據稱正在成為傳奇人物。 For instance, anti-terror powers were deployed against pensioner Walter Wolfgang for his protest at the 2005 Labour Party conference.舉例來說，反恐權力，部署了對領取養老金沃爾特沃爾夫岡抗議，他在2005年的工黨年會上。 He was forcibly ejected from the conference centre after observing that Jack Straw was talking “nonsense”.他被強行趕出會議中心後指出，斯特勞談論“無稽之談” 。 The ensuing publicity helped Wolfgang to get elected to Labour’s National Executive Committee.隨後的宣傳幫助沃爾夫岡獲得當選為工黨全國執行委員會。 Others to have fallen foul of the contentious legislation include arms protesters arrested outside London’s ExCeL exhibition centre.其他下降犯規有爭議的立法，包括武器被捕示威者在倫敦郊外的Excel展覽中心。 Most recently, it was used as the reason for freezing of the funds of Icelandic banks as they collapsed into bankruptcy.最近，它被用來作為理由凍結資金冰島銀行作為他們崩潰破產。 All this is aside of the 1,343 times that 46 councils have used anti-terror laws under the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act for offences such as rogue trading, benefit fraud and anti-social behaviour.所有這一切都撥出的1343倍， 46個理事會用於反恐法律根據調查權力規範法的罪行，如流氓交易，受益欺詐和反社會行為。 To find the root of this diminution of human rights, it is necessary to go back to the Birmingham pub bombings of 1974.要找到根源，這削弱人權，有必要回到伯明翰的酒吧爆炸1974年。 The biggest mass murder in British history at the time claimed 21 lives and led to the passing into law of the first Prevention of Terrorism Act.最大的大屠殺英國歷史上時間21日聲稱生命，並導致通過成為法律，第一防止恐怖主義法。 Then Home Secretary Roy Jenkins introduced the PTA on November 25 1974 declaring that “the powers… are draconian.然後內政大臣詹金斯羅伊介紹了PTA裝置於1974年11月25日宣布“權力...是嚴厲的。 In combination, they are unprecedented in peacetime.” The Bill bringing in seven-day pre-charge detention passed in record time, clearing both Houses of Parliament by November 29.結合，他們在和平時期前所未有的。 “條例草案將在為期7天的預充電拘留通過了創紀錄的時間，結算議會兩院的11月29日。 The PTA was rewritten in 1976, 1984 and again in 1989.在PTA裝置是重寫於1976年， 1984年又在1989年。 However, it continued to be used as emergency “temporary” powers that had to be renewed each year.但是，它仍然是用作緊急情況“臨時”的權力，必須每年更新。 The first person arrested under the Act was Paul Hill, who was one of the innocent men subsequently convicted of the Guildford pub bombings.第一個被逮捕的人根據該法是保羅山，誰是無辜的男子其後被定罪的吉爾福德酒吧爆炸案。 He served 15 years in prison before being freed by the Court of Appeal.他曾擔任15年的監禁被釋放之前，由上訴法院提出上訴。 A succession of miscarriages of justice followed over the next two decades, with the whole Irish Roman Catholic community becoming regarded as generally suspect.繼承流產的司法其次要在今後20年內，整個羅馬天主教的愛爾蘭成為社會普遍認為是嫌疑人。 It is mistake to think that the PTA was brought in solely to combat Irish terrorism.這是錯誤的認為， PTA裝置中被完全打擊愛爾蘭恐怖主義。 The real agenda has been the gradual erosion of human rights in the name of security.真正的議程已逐漸侵蝕人權的名義的安全性。 This could be clearly seen at the start of the new millennium when the Government brought forward the Terrorism Act 2000 – at a time of peace in Northern Ireland and before the events of September 11.這可以清楚地看到在新的千年開始時，政府提出了2000年恐怖主義法令-在和平時期在北愛爾蘭之前， 9月1 1日事件。 The Terrorism Act doubled the period of time allowed for pre-charge detention from seven days to 14.恐怖主義法案增加了一倍的時間內使預充電拘留7天至14日。 It also broadened out the definition of terrorism beyond Irish groups.它也擴大了恐怖主義的定義超越愛爾蘭群體。 Terrorism was also to include “the threat” of “serious damage to property” in ways “designed to influence government” for a “political cause” anywhere in the world.恐怖主義是還包括“威脅”的“嚴重的財產損失”的方式“旨在影響政府”的“政治原因”在世界任何地方。 Notably, there was no pretence of the legislation being temporary and so in need of renewal each year.值得注意的是，沒有任何藉口的臨時立法，因此需要每年更新。 The next step was the British Government’s response to the attacks on New York and Washington on September 11.下一步是英國政府的反應，攻擊紐約和華盛頓9月11日。 This included the reintroduction of internment with the Anti-Terror Crime and Security Act.這包括重新拘留與反恐怖犯罪和安全法。 This allowed for foreign nationals who cannot be deported or removed for fear of torture abroad to be detained indefinitely without trial on the basis of secret intelligence that neither they nor their lawyers could view.這使外國僑民誰可以不被驅逐或刪除恐懼的酷刑國外被拘留不經審判無限期的基礎上，秘密情報，無論他們或其律師可以查看。 After September 11, 12 men were taken almost immediately into custody in Belmarsh prison. 9月11日之後， 12人被帶到幾乎立即被羈押在貝爾馬什監獄。 They were then detained for three years until the House of Lords ruling the ATCSA unlawful under the Human Rights Act.然後被關押了三年，直到英國上議院的裁決違法的ATCSA根據人權法。 This led to the next Prevention of Terrorism Act in March 2005 which introduced the concept of control orders.這導致明年防止恐怖主義法2005年3月引進的概念，控制命令。 Those who had been held in Belmarsh were put under control orders.這些誰一直被關押在貝爾馬什受到控制命令。 They still were not told of what they were accused.他們仍然沒有被告知是他們被指控。 Bruce Kent, who has visited several men put under control orders since 2005, describes the system as “callously cruel”.布魯斯肯特，誰訪問了數名男子受到控制命令自2005年以來，描述了系統的“殘酷無情” 。 The veteran peace campaigner recalls a man under the conditions of his control order in north London not being allowed to visit Finsbury Park, which was 100 yards away from where he was living.老和平運動回顧一個人的條件下，為了控制在倫敦北部沒有被允許訪問芬斯伯里公園，這是100碼以外的地方，他的生活。 However, he was permitted to go Clissold Park, which was three quarters of a mile away.然而，他被允許去克利索爾德公園，這是四分之三的一英里以外。 Says Kent: “At the same time, in the two hours that he was allowed out at lunchtime, he had to report to a police station in the opposite direction,”肯特說： “與此同時，在兩小時內，他被允許在午飯時間，他向一個警察局向相反的方向， ” He describes another case in which “a man under a control order was checking into the police station every day as required.他介紹了另一起案件中， “一個人控制下的命令檢查納入派出所每天需要。 On one occasion, he was just grabbed by the police and sent to Long Lartin prison.”有一次，他只是抓住了警察和發送到元朗Lartin監獄。 “ In other cases, suspects were allowed to go to the mosque, but parts of the bus route they wanted to take were ruled outside the area of movement.在其他案件中，犯罪嫌疑人獲准前往清真寺，但部分巴士路線，他們希望採取被排除以外地區的行動。 This meant it was impossible to get there in time for prayers.這意味著不可能在那裡祈禱的時間。 At the time that control orders were first imposed, there was also an attempt under the PTA 2005 to increase the pre-charge detention period from 14 days to 90.在時間的控制命令開始實施，也有人試圖根據2005年的PTA裝置 ，增加預充電拘留期限從14天到90人。 However, in one of those rare victories for civil liberties, this was rejected in favour of 28 days.然而，在這些難得的勝利公民自由，這是拒絕贊成28天。 This still constituted a doubling of the previous limit and a quadrupling of Roy Jenkins’ previous “draconian” measure.這仍然構成了一倍，以前的限制和翻兩番的羅伊詹金斯以前的“嚴厲”的措施。 More recently, Gordon Brown Government’s attempted to demonstrate its anti-terror credentials with an introducing 42 days’ detention with charge.最近，英國財政大臣布朗政府試圖證明其反恐證書的介紹42天拘留的費用。 This was overwhelmingly defeated in the House of Lords, but it is unlikely that the House of Commons will let the issue lie indefinitely.這是壓倒多數擊敗英國上議院，但它是不可能的下議院將讓位於這一問題無限期地。 Bruce Kent’s view is: “The problem is that, with control orders, we have had indefinite detention for years.布魯斯肯特的觀點是： “問題是，與對照組的訂單，我們不得不無限期拘留了多年。 There is a tendency among some campaigners to focus on headline-grabbing issues like 42-day pre-charge detention, while ignoring the iniquity of control orders.有一種傾向在一些人士把重點放在人注目的頭條問題，如42天預充電拘留，而忽略了不公正的控制命令。 It’sa bit like ignoring the elephant in the room.”這有點像大象忽視的房間。 “ The project that began back in November 1974 has come a long way and it is still a work in progress.該項目始於1974年11月走過了漫長的道路，它仍然是一個進展中的工作。 First, it was the Irish who were the suspect community; now it is the Muslims.首先，它是愛爾蘭誰是嫌疑人社會;現在是穆斯林。 In the future, it could be another group and ultimately anyone who dissents.在未來，也可能是另一組，並最終誰流露出任何人。 As Gareth Peirce warns: “The continuing experiment is dangerous and insidious in more than one way.正如加雷思皮爾斯說： “持續不斷的實驗是危險的，陰險的在一個以上的方式。 It has become very clear that, when one challenge is overcome, the goalposts are moved and a new system comes in.”它已成為非常明確地指出，當一個人面臨的挑戰是克服，球門柱被移到了新系統的用武之地“ The Court of Appeal’s recent decision to uphold the right to impose control orders without the subject knowing what they are charged with is another dangerous step.上訴法院最近決定將堅持實行正確的控制命令後，這個問題的了解，他們被指控是另一個危險的一步。 Have Your Say: Policing “target communities” 你說：治安“目標的社區” Please read our請仔細閱讀我們的 posting guidelines before posting張貼在發布前的指導方針 . 。 Alternatively或者 you can discuss this report here你可以討論這份報告在這裡 . 。 Related News 相關新聞
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