Madrid plane crash: Pilot’s union warned months before that cut-backs placing passengers at risk馬德里飛機墜毀：飛行員的聯盟警告個月之前，割喉式背配售的乘客風險
By通過 Marcus Morgan馬庫斯摩根 | After the worst Spanish air tragedy in 25 years on Wednesday, accident investigators have begun examining the wreckage of the plane that crashed at Madrid’s Barajas airport, killing 153 passengers. |後最嚴重的西班牙語空氣的悲劇，在25年內對週三，事故調查人員已開始研究飛機殘骸墜毀在馬德里的巴拉哈斯機場，造成153名乘客。 Just 19 passengers have survived the crash, 5 of whom are said to be in a critical condition, with horrific injuries.只有19名乘客生還，其中5人是說要在一個關鍵條件，與可怕的傷痕。 The captain and co-pilot are confirmed among the dead.船長和合作，試驗證實死者當中。
Flight JK5022 was bound for Las Palmas in the Canary Islands, off the West African coast, and was carrying mostly Spanish and German tourists, as well as nationals from another 10 countries.飛行jk5022勢必為拉斯帕爾馬斯在加納利群島，小康西非海岸，並進行大多是西班牙語和德語的遊客，以及國民從另一個10個國家。
Witnesses said the left engine burst into flames seconds after the plane left the ground.目擊者說，左引擎起火燃燒秒後，飛機離開地面。 It got a short distance into the air before veering suddenly to one side and splitting in half at the end of the runway.獲得短距離到空氣中之前，突然轉向一方，分裂了一半，在去年底的跑道。 The survivors were flung into the air and landed in a nearby stream, which saved them from being burned alive in the huge fireball that erupted.倖存者被拋出到空氣中並降落在附近的一個流，挽救了他們被活活燒死在巨大的火球爆發。
Dozens of emergency vehicles were prevented from immediately accessing the site because the whole area was in flames.數十名緊急救援車輛無法立即訪問該網站，因為整個地區在火光。 The situation was made worse by the field of dry grass that caught fire.情況變得更加嚴重領域的基層幹表示，起火。
One emergency services worker said, “It’s the closest thing to Hell I’ve seen. 1緊急服務的工人說： “這是最接近地獄我見過。 The corpses were boiling, everything was burning.該具屍體被沸騰，一切都被燒毀。 There was nothing left that resembled a plane, it was in pieces.有沒有離開類似於飛機，這是在成碎片。 It’sa miracle anyone survived.”這是任何人奇蹟生還“ 。
A woman said, “I saw it take off and it climbed to about 200 metres when flames appeared in the engine.一名女子說： “我看到它起飛和上升到約200米時，火光中出現的引擎。 It then crashed to the ground and disappeared from view in a hollow past the end of the runway.”然後墜毀到地面，並從人們的視野消失在一個空心過去年底的跑道“ 。
Ligia Palomino, 41, a doctor with Madrid’s ambulance service, was rescued by her own colleagues who wept as they treated her, surrounded by lifeless bodies. ligia palomino ， 41歲，醫生與馬德里的救護服務，被救出後由她自己的同事誰哭，因為他們對待她，周圍沒有生命的機構。
She reported, “The plane left the gate for take-off at 1.20 pm but then the pilot apologised and said he would have to return because of a technical problem.”她報導說： “這架飛機離開了閘門，採取小康在下午1時20分，但當時試驗道歉，並表示他將不得不返回，因為一個技術性問題” 。
“An hour later, we went to take off. “一小時後，我們去了起飛。 I heard a horrible noise and the next thing I remember was being flung from the aircraft.我聽到一個可怕的噪音和未來的事我記得正在偏遠的從飛機上。 I must have passed out but woke when there was a loud explosion.我必須已通過，但醒來時，有一個響亮的爆炸。
“I could hardly move but lifted my head and saw other bodies around me. “我很難動議，但取消了我的頭，看到其他機構我身邊。 There was incredible heat and I heard people and children crying for help.有令人難以置信的熱，我聽到人們在和兒童的哭聲尋求幫助。 I lifted my head and all I saw were scattered bodies.” i解除我的頭和所有我看到散落機構“ 。
Distraught families of the victims have begun the ordeal of identifying burned body parts, which have been taken to a Madrid congress centre.悲痛的受害者家屬已開始折磨查明燒焦的屍體部分，已採取了馬德里的會議中心。 Only 39 of the 153 bodies have been formally identified.只有39的153機構已正式確定。
The crash is the deadliest in Spain since 1983, when a Boeing 747 crashed in Madrid, killing 181 people.飛機墜毀是最致命的，在西班牙自1983年以來，當波音747客機墜毀在馬德里，造成181人。
The flight operator Spanair said that the plane had been taxiing for take-off when the pilot Antonio Luna reported an air-valve, which regulates pressure in the engine, had overheated.該飛行運營商spanair說，這架飛機已滑行為採取過當飛行員安東尼奧馬刺盧娜報導，一空氣閥，規管的壓力，在發動機，已過熱。 The plane was then diverted to a maintenance shed for about an hour.這架飛機當時改行維修棚約一個小時。
Passengers were warned they could have to disembark and change planes, but they were kept onboard, despite reports that some passengers asked to leave the aircraft.乘客被警告說，他們可能要下船，並改變飛機，但他們不斷上，儘管報告說，一些乘客要求離開飛機。
One woman said her husband had been forced to stay on the flight.一名女子說她的丈夫已被迫留在飛行。 The unidentified woman told Spanish media that her husband had texted her almost two hours before the incident saying, “My love, there’sa problem with the plane.”身份不明的女子向西班牙媒體表示，她的丈夫已texted她幾乎是前兩小時事件的話說： “我愛你，有問題的飛機” 。
When she suggested he get off, he replied, “They won’t let me off.”當她建議他下車，他回答說： “他們不會讓我小康” 。
Company technicians turned off the gauge, and the plane was then cleared for take-off.公司技術人員關掉衡量，這架飛機當時清拆採取小康。 Spanair said this was done in compliance with standard procedure. spanair說，這樣做是遵守的標準程序。 According to one report, the plane was seen coming out of the maintenance shed just moments before its second attempt.根據一份報告，這架飛機被認為是走出來的贍養費的大棚剛剛時刻之前，第二次嘗試。
At this early stage, it is unclear whether the reported defect was a factor in the tragedy.在這個早期階段，目前還不清楚是否有缺損的報導是一個因素，在這場悲劇中。 Javier Mendoza, Spanair’s deputy director, declined to comment on whether the problems that led to the initial take-off being aborted could have played a role in the crash.哈維爾門多薩， spanair的副主任，拒絕評論是否有問題，導致最初採取小康正在胎死腹中，可能發揮了作用，在飛機墜毀。
Javier Fernandez Garcia, the flight coordinator at Barajas airport, told a Spanish newspaper that unspecified problems had kept the aircraft grounded on two previous occasions.哈維爾費爾南德斯，加西亞，飛行協調員在巴拉哈斯機場，告訴西班牙報紙認為，未問題一直停飛的飛機曾兩次。
It was also disclosed that a sister plane of the one that crashed in Madrid had to make an emergency landing only a week ago after suffering suspected engine problems.有人還透露，一個姐妹飛機的一個墜毀在馬德里已作出緊急降落，只有一個多星期前的痛苦後，懷疑是引擎的問題。 That plane diverted to an airport in Gran Canaria after losing power in mid-air.這架飛機改道的一個機場在大加那之後，失去權力，在半空。
Public concern is mounting amid suggestions Spanair opted to fly despite detecting problems.公眾關注的是安裝中，建議spanair選擇飛，儘管檢測的問題。 “I’d kill the bastard who did this” was a typical reaction from a driver outside a makeshift morgue. “我要殺死王八誰這樣做”是一個典型反應，從一名司機外的一個臨時停屍間。
Amid this growing controversy the official investigation by Spanish authorities has begun.在這一日益嚴重的爭議，官方的調查是由西班牙當局已經開始。 The two black box flight recorders have been recovered, though one is partially damaged.兩個黑匣子飛行記錄器已被追回，雖然一個是部分損壞。 These contain the crucial dialogue between the pilots and air traffic control as well as all the telemetry data of the aircraft instruments.這些包含的關鍵之間的對話，飛行員和空中交通管制以及所有遙測數據的飛機文書。 Footage taken by the Spanish civil air authority AENEAS is also being examined.畫面所採取的西班牙語民用航空管理局埃涅阿斯也正在研究。
Chris Yates, aviation analyst for Jane’s Information Group, says it could be some time before definitive answers can be found.克里斯耶茲，航空分析師簡氏信息集團說，它可能會有一些時間才明確的答案可以找到。
Speaking on the BBC website, he said, “Such engine fires are extremely rare, but when they do occur they are, invariably, the result of some form of mechanical failure.”在談到BBC網站上，他說： “這種引擎起火是非常罕見，但發生時他們，總是，結果某種形式的機械故障” 。
Analysing the data and wreckage from the site is a long process, typically taking months to reach a conclusion.分析數據和飛機殘骸從網站是一個長期的過程，通常採取個月得出結論。
Kieran Daly, the editor of Flight International , said it would be premature to speculate on the cause of the accident, but in the absence of dangerous weather conditions, a likely source of the problem could be inferred.基蘭達利，編輯器的飛行國際表示，它將是言之過早，要猜測事故的原因，但是，在沒有危險的天氣條件，很可能出現問題的根源可以推斷。
“Accidents on takeoff are relatively rare,” he said. “上發生的交通意外的騰飛是比較少見的， ”他說。 “The obvious suspicion is some kind of engine problem. “很明顯的懷疑是某種形式的引擎問題。 The suspicion is that for whatever reason the aircraft had insufficient power to pull away.”懷疑的是，不論基於何種原因，飛機沒有足夠的權力，拉離“ 。
The McDonnell Douglas MD-82, generally considered by industry experts to be a reliable though ageing workhorse, has a very low rate of accidents and incidents.該架麥道MD - 82 ，一般認為，由行業專家是一個可靠的，雖然老齡化的Workhorse機型，有一個非常率低，事故和事故徵候。 Since coming into service in 1981, the MD-80 series has been involved in 11 serious crashes in a history of 20 million flights, making the plane one of the safest in the sky.自上台以來，服務於1981年，海事處- 80系列已涉及11個嚴重墜毀在一個歷史的20000000航班，使飛機安全的城市之一，在天空。 It is commonly used on short trips around Europe.這是常用的對短途乘客靠近歐洲。
Majorca-based Spanair, which has operated since 1988, is Spain’s second biggest airline.馬約爾基於spanair ，其中經營自1988年以來，是西班牙的第二大航空公司。 Spanair is owned by parent company Scandinavian Airlines Systems (SAS). spanair是由國有公司的母公司斯堪的納維亞航空公司系統（ SAS ）的。
Like many airlines operating on increasingly thin profit margins, Spanair has been struggling with high fuel prices and tough competition during the economic slowdown.像許多經營的航空公司也越來越薄的利潤率， spanair一直掙扎與高企的油價和激烈競爭，在經濟增長放緩。
It recently announced it was laying off up to 1,200 staff, more than a quarter of its workforce, and cutting routes after losing US$80 million in the first half of this year.它最近宣布，這是裁員高達1200的工作人員，四分之一以上的勞動力，與切割路線後，失去8000萬美元，在今年上半年。
After a year of failing to attract any acceptable bids, SAS announced it would be forced to keep the subsidiary, which flies 371 daily departures between 36 airports, sending its share price tumbling.經過一年的未能吸引任何可接受的出價，北歐航空公司宣布，它將被迫保持附屬，蒼蠅371每日之間的36個機場，派遣其股價下跌。
SAS and Spanair executives appeared on national television to deny that safety had been sacrificed in its quest to cut costs, but the evidence produced so far is grounds for serious concern. SAS和spanair高管出現在國家電視台否認安全已犧牲在其追求，以降低成本，但證據產生，所以到目前為止，理由是嚴重關注的問題。
Just hours before the crash, Spanair’s pilots threatened to strike over plans by SAS to cut costs.前幾個小時飛機墜毀， spanair的飛行員揚言要罷工，超過計劃的SAS ，以降低成本。 Representatives of the pilots’ union, Sepla, said, “The organised chaos in which the company exists can’t continue.”代表飛行員聯盟， sepla ，說： “有組織的混亂，該公司存在不能繼續” 。
The pilots alleged that company bosses were forcing cockpit and maintenance staff to work abusively long hours, in order to compensate for “endemic problems” of organisation and structure.飛行員指稱，公司老闆強迫的座艙和維修的工作人員濫用時間長，在為了彌補“地方性問題” ，組織和結構。
These claims were backed up by a series of e-mails published by the Spanish newspaper El Mundo and republished in the Times of London on Friday.這些索賠後盾，通過一系列的電子郵件所發表的西班牙報紙世界報 ，並重新在時代的倫敦的星期五。 These revealed how, in the months before the fatal crash, airline workers had repeatedly warned management that passenger safety was being put at risk, and described the airline’s daily operations as a “disaster.”這些發現如何，在幾個月之前，致命交通意外，航空公司工人曾一再警告，管理，保障乘客的安全被放在風險，並介紹了航空公司的日常運作中作為一個“災難” 。
It quoted from an April 2007 e-mail to Lars Nygaard, then Spanair chief executive, by a union representative.它引述從2007年4月電子郵件拉爾斯nygaard ，然後spanair行政長官，由工會代表。 It had warned, “The lack of resources and their quality on the ground, the repeated AOGs [grounded planes] in the fleet, the scarcity of crews and the system of movement of crew members mean that the general feeling is one of operational chaos that places the passengers at risk.”它警告說， “由於缺乏資源和他們的素質在地面上，反复aogs [接地飛機] ，在艦隊，稀缺的船員和制度運動的機組成員表示，一般的感覺是，一個業務混亂地方的乘客在風險“ 。
This was followed one month later by another letter from the union stating, “The operation continues to be a disaster and is getting worse by the day.”在此之後一個月後的另一封信中，從聯盟的說明， “運作仍然是一個災難，是愈來愈差，由天” 。
The union also complained that the older planes were not being replaced fast enough.該聯盟還抱怨說，舊飛機並沒有被取代的速度不夠快。 In January, the union wrote, “The MD fleet has not been renewed in favour of A320s in the agreed timeframe.”今年1月，聯盟中寫道： “海事處艦隊一直沒有得到延續，在贊成的A320飛機在商定的時間表” 。
It is not known how management responded to the concerns.這是不知道如何管理作出回應的關注。
Have Your Say: Madrid plane crash: Pilot’s union warned months before that cut-backs placing passengers at risk 你說：馬德里飛機墜毀：飛行員的聯盟警告個月之前，割喉式背配售的乘客風險
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