Madrid plane crash: Pilot’s union warned months before that cut-backs placing passengers at risk马德里飞机坠毁：飞行员的联盟警告个月之前，割喉式背配售的乘客风险
By通过 Marcus Morgan马库斯摩根 | After the worst Spanish air tragedy in 25 years on Wednesday, accident investigators have begun examining the wreckage of the plane that crashed at Madrid’s Barajas airport, killing 153 passengers. |后最严重的西班牙语空气的悲剧，在25年内对周三，事故调查人员已开始研究飞机残骸坠毁在马德里的巴拉哈斯机场，造成153名乘客。 Just 19 passengers have survived the crash, 5 of whom are said to be in a critical condition, with horrific injuries.只有19名乘客生还，其中5人是说要在一个关键条件，与可怕的伤痕。 The captain and co-pilot are confirmed among the dead.船长和合作，试验证实死者当中。
Flight JK5022 was bound for Las Palmas in the Canary Islands, off the West African coast, and was carrying mostly Spanish and German tourists, as well as nationals from another 10 countries.飞行jk5022势必为拉斯帕尔马斯在加纳利群岛，小康西非海岸，并进行大多是西班牙语和德语的游客，以及国民从另一个10个国家。
Witnesses said the left engine burst into flames seconds after the plane left the ground.目击者说，左引擎起火燃烧秒后，飞机离开地面。 It got a short distance into the air before veering suddenly to one side and splitting in half at the end of the runway.获得短距离到空气中之前，突然转向一方，分裂了一半，在去年底的跑道。 The survivors were flung into the air and landed in a nearby stream, which saved them from being burned alive in the huge fireball that erupted.幸存者被抛出到空气中并降落在附近的一个流，挽救了他们被活活烧死在巨大的火球爆发。
Dozens of emergency vehicles were prevented from immediately accessing the site because the whole area was in flames.数十名紧急救援车辆无法立即访问该网站，因为整个地区在火光。 The situation was made worse by the field of dry grass that caught fire.情况变得更加严重领域的基层干表示，起火。
One emergency services worker said, “It’s the closest thing to Hell I’ve seen. 1紧急服务的工人说： “这是最接近地狱我见过。 The corpses were boiling, everything was burning.该具尸体被沸腾，一切都被烧毁。 There was nothing left that resembled a plane, it was in pieces.有没有离开类似于飞机，这是在成碎片。 It’sa miracle anyone survived.”这是任何人奇迹生还“ 。
A woman said, “I saw it take off and it climbed to about 200 metres when flames appeared in the engine.一名女子说： “我看到它起飞和上升到约200米时，火光中出现的引擎。 It then crashed to the ground and disappeared from view in a hollow past the end of the runway.”然后坠毁到地面，并从人们的视野消失在一个空心过去年底的跑道“ 。
Ligia Palomino, 41, a doctor with Madrid’s ambulance service, was rescued by her own colleagues who wept as they treated her, surrounded by lifeless bodies. ligia palomino ， 41岁，医生与马德里的救护服务，被救出后由她自己的同事谁哭，因为他们对待她，周围没有生命的机构。
She reported, “The plane left the gate for take-off at 1.20 pm but then the pilot apologised and said he would have to return because of a technical problem.”她报道说： “这架飞机离开了闸门，采取小康在下午1时20分，但当时试验道歉，并表示他将不得不返回，因为一个技术性问题” 。
“An hour later, we went to take off. “一小时后，我们去了起飞。 I heard a horrible noise and the next thing I remember was being flung from the aircraft.我听到一个可怕的噪音和未来的事我记得正在偏远的从飞机上。 I must have passed out but woke when there was a loud explosion.我必须已通过，但醒来时，有一个响亮的爆炸。
“I could hardly move but lifted my head and saw other bodies around me. “我很难动议，但取消了我的头，看到其他机构我身边。 There was incredible heat and I heard people and children crying for help.有令人难以置信的热，我听到人们在和儿童的哭声寻求帮助。 I lifted my head and all I saw were scattered bodies.” i解除我的头和所有我看到散落机构“ 。
Distraught families of the victims have begun the ordeal of identifying burned body parts, which have been taken to a Madrid congress centre.悲痛的受害者家属已开始折磨查明烧焦的尸体部分，已采取了马德里的会议中心。 Only 39 of the 153 bodies have been formally identified.只有39的153机构已正式确定。
The crash is the deadliest in Spain since 1983, when a Boeing 747 crashed in Madrid, killing 181 people.飞机坠毁是最致命的，在西班牙自1983年以来，当波音747客机坠毁在马德里，造成181人。
The flight operator Spanair said that the plane had been taxiing for take-off when the pilot Antonio Luna reported an air-valve, which regulates pressure in the engine, had overheated.该飞行运营商spanair说，这架飞机已滑行为采取过当飞行员安东尼奥马刺卢娜报道，一空气阀，规管的压力，在发动机，已过热。 The plane was then diverted to a maintenance shed for about an hour.这架飞机当时改行维修棚约一个小时。
Passengers were warned they could have to disembark and change planes, but they were kept onboard, despite reports that some passengers asked to leave the aircraft.乘客被警告说，他们可能要下船，并改变飞机，但他们不断上，尽管报告说，一些乘客要求离开飞机。
One woman said her husband had been forced to stay on the flight.一名女子说她的丈夫已被迫留在飞行。 The unidentified woman told Spanish media that her husband had texted her almost two hours before the incident saying, “My love, there’sa problem with the plane.”身份不明的女子向西班牙媒体表示，她的丈夫已texted她几乎是前两小时事件的话说： “我爱你，有问题的飞机” 。
When she suggested he get off, he replied, “They won’t let me off.”当她建议他下车，他回答说： “他们不会让我小康” 。
Company technicians turned off the gauge, and the plane was then cleared for take-off.公司技术人员关掉衡量，这架飞机当时清拆采取小康。 Spanair said this was done in compliance with standard procedure. spanair说，这样做是遵守的标准程序。 According to one report, the plane was seen coming out of the maintenance shed just moments before its second attempt.根据一份报告，这架飞机被认为是走出来的赡养费的大棚刚刚时刻之前，第二次尝试。
At this early stage, it is unclear whether the reported defect was a factor in the tragedy.在这个早期阶段，目前还不清楚是否有缺损的报道是一个因素，在这场悲剧中。 Javier Mendoza, Spanair’s deputy director, declined to comment on whether the problems that led to the initial take-off being aborted could have played a role in the crash.哈维尔门多萨， spanair的副主任，拒绝评论是否有问题，导致最初采取小康正在胎死腹中，可能发挥了作用，在飞机坠毁。
Javier Fernandez Garcia, the flight coordinator at Barajas airport, told a Spanish newspaper that unspecified problems had kept the aircraft grounded on two previous occasions.哈维尔费尔南德斯，加西亚，飞行协调员在巴拉哈斯机场，告诉西班牙报纸认为，未问题一直停飞的飞机曾两次。
It was also disclosed that a sister plane of the one that crashed in Madrid had to make an emergency landing only a week ago after suffering suspected engine problems.有人还透露，一个姐妹飞机的一个坠毁在马德里已作出紧急降落，只有一个多星期前的痛苦后，怀疑是引擎的问题。 That plane diverted to an airport in Gran Canaria after losing power in mid-air.这架飞机改道的一个机场在大加那之后，失去权力，在半空。
Public concern is mounting amid suggestions Spanair opted to fly despite detecting problems.公众关注的是安装中，建议spanair选择飞，尽管检测的问题。 “I’d kill the bastard who did this” was a typical reaction from a driver outside a makeshift morgue. “我要杀死王八谁这样做”是一个典型反应，从一名司机外的一个临时停尸间。
Amid this growing controversy the official investigation by Spanish authorities has begun.在这一日益严重的争议，官方的调查是由西班牙当局已经开始。 The two black box flight recorders have been recovered, though one is partially damaged.两个黑匣子飞行记录器已被追回，虽然一个是部分损坏。 These contain the crucial dialogue between the pilots and air traffic control as well as all the telemetry data of the aircraft instruments.这些包含的关键之间的对话，飞行员和空中交通管制以及所有遥测数据的飞机文书。 Footage taken by the Spanish civil air authority AENEAS is also being examined.画面所采取的西班牙语民用航空管理局埃涅阿斯也正在研究。
Chris Yates, aviation analyst for Jane’s Information Group, says it could be some time before definitive answers can be found.克里斯耶兹，航空分析师简氏信息集团说，它可能会有一些时间才明确的答案可以找到。
Speaking on the BBC website, he said, “Such engine fires are extremely rare, but when they do occur they are, invariably, the result of some form of mechanical failure.”在谈到BBC网站上，他说： “这种引擎起火是非常罕见，但发生时他们，总是，结果某种形式的机械故障” 。
Analysing the data and wreckage from the site is a long process, typically taking months to reach a conclusion.分析数据和飞机残骸从网站是一个长期的过程，通常采取个月得出结论。
Kieran Daly, the editor of Flight International , said it would be premature to speculate on the cause of the accident, but in the absence of dangerous weather conditions, a likely source of the problem could be inferred.基兰达利，编辑器的飞行国际表示，它将是言之过早，要猜测事故的原因，但是，在没有危险的天气条件，很可能出现问题的根源可以推断。
“Accidents on takeoff are relatively rare,” he said. “上发生的交通意外的腾飞是比较少见的， ”他说。 “The obvious suspicion is some kind of engine problem. “很明显的怀疑是某种形式的引擎问题。 The suspicion is that for whatever reason the aircraft had insufficient power to pull away.”怀疑的是，不论基于何种原因，飞机没有足够的权力，拉离“ 。
The McDonnell Douglas MD-82, generally considered by industry experts to be a reliable though ageing workhorse, has a very low rate of accidents and incidents.该架麦道MD - 82 ，一般认为，由行业专家是一个可靠的，虽然老龄化的Workhorse机型，有一个非常率低，事故和事故征候。 Since coming into service in 1981, the MD-80 series has been involved in 11 serious crashes in a history of 20 million flights, making the plane one of the safest in the sky.自上台以来，服务于1981年，海事处- 80系列已涉及11个严重坠毁在一个历史的20000000航班，使飞机安全的城市之一，在天空。 It is commonly used on short trips around Europe.这是常用的对短途乘客靠近欧洲。
Majorca-based Spanair, which has operated since 1988, is Spain’s second biggest airline.马约尔基于spanair ，其中经营自1988年以来，是西班牙的第二大航空公司。 Spanair is owned by parent company Scandinavian Airlines Systems (SAS). spanair是由国有公司的母公司斯堪的纳维亚航空公司系统（ SAS ）的。
Like many airlines operating on increasingly thin profit margins, Spanair has been struggling with high fuel prices and tough competition during the economic slowdown.像许多经营的航空公司也越来越薄的利润率， spanair一直挣扎与高企的油价和激烈竞争，在经济增长放缓。
It recently announced it was laying off up to 1,200 staff, more than a quarter of its workforce, and cutting routes after losing US$80 million in the first half of this year.它最近宣布，这是裁员高达1200的工作人员，四分之一以上的劳动力，与切割路线后，失去8000万美元，在今年上半年。
After a year of failing to attract any acceptable bids, SAS announced it would be forced to keep the subsidiary, which flies 371 daily departures between 36 airports, sending its share price tumbling.经过一年的未能吸引任何可接受的出价，北欧航空公司宣布，它将被迫保持附属，苍蝇371每日之间的36个机场，派遣其股价下跌。
SAS and Spanair executives appeared on national television to deny that safety had been sacrificed in its quest to cut costs, but the evidence produced so far is grounds for serious concern. SAS和spanair高管出现在国家电视台否认安全已牺牲在其追求，以降低成本，但证据产生，所以到目前为止，理由是严重关注的问题。
Just hours before the crash, Spanair’s pilots threatened to strike over plans by SAS to cut costs.前几个小时飞机坠毁， spanair的飞行员扬言要罢工，超过计划的SAS ，以降低成本。 Representatives of the pilots’ union, Sepla, said, “The organised chaos in which the company exists can’t continue.”代表飞行员联盟， sepla ，说： “有组织的混乱，该公司存在不能继续” 。
The pilots alleged that company bosses were forcing cockpit and maintenance staff to work abusively long hours, in order to compensate for “endemic problems” of organisation and structure.飞行员指称，公司老板强迫的座舱和维修的工作人员滥用时间长，在为了弥补“地方性问题” ，组织和结构。
These claims were backed up by a series of e-mails published by the Spanish newspaper El Mundo and republished in the Times of London on Friday.这些索赔后盾，通过一系列的电子邮件所发表的西班牙报纸世界报 ，并重新在时代的伦敦的星期五。 These revealed how, in the months before the fatal crash, airline workers had repeatedly warned management that passenger safety was being put at risk, and described the airline’s daily operations as a “disaster.”这些发现如何，在几个月之前，致命交通意外，航空公司工人曾一再警告，管理，保障乘客的安全被放在风险，并介绍了航空公司的日常运作中作为一个“灾难” 。
It quoted from an April 2007 e-mail to Lars Nygaard, then Spanair chief executive, by a union representative.它引述从2007年4月电子邮件拉尔斯nygaard ，然后spanair行政长官，由工会代表。 It had warned, “The lack of resources and their quality on the ground, the repeated AOGs [grounded planes] in the fleet, the scarcity of crews and the system of movement of crew members mean that the general feeling is one of operational chaos that places the passengers at risk.”它警告说， “由于缺乏资源和他们的素质在地面上，反复aogs [接地飞机] ，在舰队，稀缺的船员和制度运动的机组成员表示，一般的感觉是，一个业务混乱地方的乘客在风险“ 。
This was followed one month later by another letter from the union stating, “The operation continues to be a disaster and is getting worse by the day.”在此之后一个月后的另一封信中，从联盟的说明， “运作仍然是一个灾难，是愈来愈差，由天” 。
The union also complained that the older planes were not being replaced fast enough.该联盟还抱怨说，旧飞机并没有被取代的速度不够快。 In January, the union wrote, “The MD fleet has not been renewed in favour of A320s in the agreed timeframe.”今年1月，联盟中写道： “海事处舰队一直没有得到延续，在赞成的A320飞机在商定的时间表” 。
It is not known how management responded to the concerns.这是不知道如何管理作出回应的关注。
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