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How the Pentagon Turned an Interrogation Resistance Program into a Blueprint for Torture如何五角大樓拒絕訊問阻力計劃成為一個藍圖酷刑 Friday, June 27th, 2008 週五， 2008年6月27日 By Spencer Ackerman | In August 2004, a Defense Dept. panel convened to investigate detainee abuse after the Abu Ghraib scandal issued its much-anticipated report.由斯潘塞阿克曼|在2004年8月，國防研究小組召開會議，調查虐待囚犯後，阿布格萊布醜聞發表了許多預期的報告。 Interrogation techniques designed for use at Guantánamo Bay, which President George W. Bush had decreed outside the scope of the Geneva Conventions, had “migrated” to Iraq, which Bush recognized was under Geneva, concluded panel chairman James Schlesinger, a former defense secretary.審訊技術設計用於在關塔那摩灣，美國總統布什已命令範圍之外的日內瓦四公約，已“移居”到伊拉克，布什承認，是根據日內瓦，結束事務委員會主席施萊辛格，前國防部長。 Schlesinger’s panel, however, did not explain which officials ordered the abusive techniques to transfer across continents — or how and why they became Pentagon policy in the first place.施萊辛格的小組，但是，沒有說明哪些官員下令濫用技術轉移各大洲-或如何以及為什麼他們成為五角大樓的政策擺在首位。 (On Wednesday) the Senate Armed Services Committee answered those questions. （對週三）美國參議院軍事委員會回答了這些問題。 In a marathon hearing spanning eight hours and three separate panels, the committee revealed, in painstaking detail, how senior Pentagon officials transformed a program for Special Forces troops to resist torture — known as Survival Evasion Resistance Escape, or SERE — into a blueprint for torturing terrorism detainees.在一場馬拉松式的聽證會跨越8個小時和3個獨立小組，委員會透露，在艱苦的細節，如何五角大樓高級官員的程序轉化為特種兵抵制酷刑-被稱為生存逃稅阻力逃生，或序列-成為一個藍圖，拷問恐怖主義的被拘留者。 The committee, chaired by Sen. Carl Levin (D-Mich.), released numerous classified documents from the crucial period of mid-2002 to early 2003, when the policies of abuse took shape inside the Defense Dept. “Senior officials in the United States government sought information on aggressive techniques, twisted the law to create the appearance of their legality and authorized their use against detainees,” Levin said.該委員會的主席參議員卡爾列文（ d-mich. ） ，發表了許多機密文件的關鍵時期，在2002年年中至2003年年初，當政策的虐待形成了內防禦部“的高級官員在美國的美國政府要求當局提供資料，咄咄逼人的技巧，扭曲了法律創造的出現，其合法性，並授權他們使用的對被拘留者， “萊文說。 “In the process, they damaged our ability to collect intelligence that could save lives.” “在這個過程中，他們破壞我們的能力，蒐集情報可挽救生命” 。 The SERE program — first introduced to many by a 2005 article by the New Yorker’s Jane Mayer — is not an interrogation program.該序列的計劃-首先介紹了許多由2 005年的文章，新的紐約客的簡邁爾-是不是一個審訊程序。 Nor is it an intelligence-collection program.也不是情報收集計劃。 Instead, it’s an obscure program across the different military services’ special-forces wings that teaches troops how to withstand torture if captured.相反，它的一個晦澀的計劃，全國各地不同的軍事服務的特殊部隊的翅膀教導部隊如何承受酷刑，如果被俘。 Instructors subject students — under the rigorous watch of psychologists and physicians — to various torture techniques, including waterboarding, prolonged stress positions, sleep deprivation and sensory manipulation.受到學生的導師-根據嚴格的觀賞心理學家和醫生-各種酷刑的技術，包括wa terboarding，長期強調的立場，剝奪睡眠和感覺操縱。 Waterboarding “is an overwhelming experience that induces horror, triggers a frantic survival instinct,” Malcolm Nance, a former Navy SERE instructor who was himself waterboarded, testified to Congress in November. waterboarding “是一個壓倒性的經驗，誘使恐怖，引發瘋狂的生存本能， ”馬爾科姆Nance弓，前海軍序列導師誰是自己waterboarded ，在國會作證，在十一月。 “As the event unfolded, I was fully conscious of what was happening: I was being tortured.” “作為活動的開展，我充分意識到發生了什麼：我被折磨” 。 On July 25, 2002, the Defense agency that oversees the SERE program, known as the Joint Personnel Recovery Agency, or JPRA, was contacted by a representative of Pentagon General Counsel William Haynes for information about SERE practices for the “exploitation process” — that is, getting detainees to cooperate with their interrogators.於7月25日， 2002年，日本防衛廳認為，監督程序序列，稱為聯合回收機構，人員，或jpra ，接觸的一名代表五角大樓的總律師威廉海恩斯如需序列的做法，為“開發過程” -是，越來越被拘留者進行合作，與他們的審訊。 The next day, JPRA’s chief of staff, Air Force Lt. Col. Daniel Baumgartner, sent Haynes a lengthy memorandum explaining how the program worked.第二天， jpra的參謀長，空軍中校丹尼爾鮑姆加特納，發送海恩斯冗長的備忘錄，說明如何計劃工作。 Before the Senate panel, Baumgartner said he did not realize that Haynes wanted to use SERE techniques on enemy combatants.在參議院小組，鮑姆加特納說，他並不知道海恩斯想利用序列技術對敵方戰鬥人員。 “I had no idea how it would be used,” he testified. “當時我不知道它如何會被用作” ，他作證。 “When tasked by my higher headquarters … I can’t really turn around and tell the flag officers and the senior executive service people no.” “當我的任務是由較高的總部… …我真的不能扭轉，並告訴國旗人員和高級行政人員的人沒有” 。 Haynes, who retired from the Pentagon in April, after his nomination to the federal judiciary foundered, pled ignorance.海恩斯，誰退休來自五角大樓今年4月，他的提名後，向聯邦司法機構foundered ， pled的無知。 “No, sir, I don’t remember it at the time,” Haynes said when asked if he had received Baumgartner’s memorandum. “沒有，主席先生，我不記得它在時間， ”海恩斯說，當被問及如果他收到了鮑姆加特納的諒解備忘錄。 “But I saw it a long time ago … it’s possible I saw it at the time.” “但我認為這是一很久以前的… …它的可能，我就看到它在時間” 。 Pressed by Levin on how he could not have seen a memorandum concerning terrorism detentions and interrogations, Haynes replied, “the recipient is the Office of the Secretary of Defense General Counsel, which [was] not my precise title.”按萊文就如何他不能看到了一份備忘錄，有關恐怖主義的拘留和盤問，海恩斯回答說： “收件人是秘書長辦公室，國防部總法律顧問，其中[是]不是我的確切名稱” 。 Baumgartner’s memorandum was not the last time SERE techniques were introduced into the interrogation bloodstream.鮑姆加特納的備忘錄是不是最後的時間序列技術引入審問血液。 On the week of Sept. 16, 2002, JPRA officials invited a contingent of senior Guantánamo-based officers to a briefing session at Ft.上一周的2002年9月16日， jpra官員邀請了特遣隊高級關塔那摩基於人員簡報會在英尺。 Bragg, NC Haynes and his legal counterparts at the Central Intelligence Agency, Justice Dept. and the Vice President’s office visited Guantánamo the following week for an update on interrogations.布拉格，數控海恩斯和他的法律同行在中央情報部，司法部和副總統辦公室參觀關塔那摩以下，每週一更新就盤問。 The minutes of that meeting record that the commander of the detention facility “did take Mr. Haynes and a few others aside for private conversations.”紀要指出，會議記錄，該指揮官拘留所“沒有採取海恩斯先生和其他幾個撥作私人談話” 。 Just the week after that, a senior CIA lawyer, Jonathan Fredman, instructed Guantánamo officers on various SERE-pedigreed torture methods, including waterboarding.僅僅一周之後，美國中央情報局一名高級律師，喬納森fredman ，指示關塔那摩人員就不同的序列- pedigreed酷刑的方法，包括waterboarding 。 “If the detainee dies,” Fredman said, “you’re doing it wrong.” In response, the chief Guantánamo Bay attorney, Lt. Col. Diane Beaver, said, “We will need documentation to protect us.” “如果被拘留者死亡， ” fredman說： “您這樣做是不對的” 。在回應時，行政關塔那摩灣的檢察長，中校黛安比弗說， “我們將需要的文件，以保護我們” 。 It would be a fateful decision.這將是一個災難性的決定。 On Oct. 11, 2002, Beaver’s boss, Maj. Gen. Michael Dunleavy, the commander of Guantánamo’s detention center, sent a request to his boss, Southern Command chief James Hill, for harsher, SERE-derived interrogation techniques.關於2002年10月11日，河狸的老闆，少將邁克爾鄧利維，指揮官，關塔那摩的拘留中心，發出了一個要求，他的老闆，南方司令部行政詹姆斯山，為更嚴厲的，序列衍生的審訊手段。 Beaver attached to that request a certification that “the proposed strategies do not violate applicable federal law.”比弗重視這一請求認證， “擬議的戰略不違反適用的聯邦法律” 。 Beaver testified (Wednesday) for the first time since Haynes declassified her guidance in mid-2004.比弗作證（星期三）以來的第一次海恩斯解密她的指導，在2004年年中。 She said she intended for the techniques to be used under supervised and restricted circumstances.她說，她打算為技術下使用的監督和限制的情況下。 It turned out that not a single other military lawyer submitted written guidance in support of the SERE-derived techniques.原來這不是一個單一的其他軍事律師提交了書面指導，在支持該序列衍生技術。 “In hindsight,” Beaver told the Senate panel, “I can only conclude that others chose not to write on this issue in order not to be linked to it. “回想起來， ”海狸告訴參議院委員會， “我只能得出這樣的結論，其他人選擇不寫在這個問題上，為了不掛鉤。 For me, that was not an option.”對我來說，這是不是一種選擇“ 。 The result of Haynes’ efforts were to transform “stress positions” — forcing someone into uncomfortable contortions for hours on end — from something US special forces had to withstand to something US interrogators would place on Guantánamo inmates like Mohamed al-Qatani, also known as Guantánamo Detainee 063.結果海恩斯'努力改造“強調的立場” -迫使有人到不舒服， c ontortions幾個小時就結束-從一些美國特種部隊不得不承受一些美國審訊人員將發生的關塔那摩囚犯一樣，穆罕默德-q a tani，也稱為關塔那摩被拘留者063 。 Qatani was at one point believed to be the intended 20th 9/11 hijacker, but last month the Pentagon unceremoniously dropped the charges against him. qatani是在1點相信是有意20th 9 / 11劫機犯，但在上個月，五角大樓unceremoniously下降，對他的指控。 Nor did the SERE techniques remain only at Guantánamo Bay.也沒有序列技術仍然只在關塔那摩灣。 In the summer of 2003, the new Guantánamo detentions and interrogations commander, Maj. Gen. Geoffrey Miller, visited Iraq at the behest of Rumsfeld intelligence deputy Steve Cambone to “Gitmo-ize” detention operations there.在2003年夏天，新的關塔那摩拘留和盤問指揮官，少將杰弗裡米勒，在訪問伊拉克的遺志，拉姆斯菲爾德情報副主席史蒂夫坎博內，以“關塔那摩化”拘留行動。 It was revealed (Wednesday) that Beaver accompanied Miller on the trip.據透露， （星期三）河狸的陪同下，米勒就行。 The wages of this turn to what Vice President Dick Cheney once euphemistically described as “the dark side” were made clear in March.的工資，這又什麼副總統切尼曾美其名為“陰暗面”作了明確的，在三月。 A deputy to Gen. David Petraeus, the commander of US forces in Iraq, briefed reporters on an emerging profile of recruits to the terrorist organization Al Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) that his command had compiled from interviews with AQI detainees.一名副手戴維彼得雷烏斯將軍，指揮官，美軍在伊拉克，向記者介紹了一個新興的概況，招募到的恐怖組織蓋達組織在伊拉克（農業檢疫及檢驗）表示，他的指揮已編制從訪談與農業檢疫及檢驗被拘留者。 In many cases, the recruits were convinced to join the terrorist group after being shown images of abuse emerging from Abu Ghraib or Guantánamo Bay.在許多情況下，學員深信，加入恐怖集團後，正在顯示的圖像被濫用的新興從阿布格萊布或關塔那摩灣。 Near the conclusion of the hearing, Sen. Jack Reed (DR.I) glowered at Haynes, frustrated at the former Pentagon official’s faulty memory.附近的結論，聽證會上，參議員里德（ dr.i ） glowered在海恩斯，感到沮喪，前五角大樓官員的錯誤的記憶。 Reed said that Haynes, Rumsfeld and Bush had deprived US troops of clear guidance for legal interrogations, exposing them to potential prosecution in the US — and likely torture if captured by enemies who no longer have reason to believe that their own soldiers won’t be tortured in US custody.里德說，海恩斯，拉姆斯菲爾德和布什，剝奪了美軍的明確的指導，法律盤問，暴露了他們潛在的起訴在美國-可能和酷刑，如果被俘的敵人，誰不再有理由相信他們自己的士兵將不會折磨被美方關押。 “You did a disservice to the soldiers of this nation,” Reed told Haynes. “你做了對不起戰士們這個民族的， ”里德說，海恩斯。 Spencer Ackerman is senior fellow at The Washington Independent.斯潘塞阿克曼是高級研究員在華盛頓的獨立。 He covers national security and foreign policy.他涉及國家安全和外交政策。 See More: 看到更多的： Torture 酷刑 USA News 美國新聞Have Your Say: How the Pentagon Turned an Interrogation Resistance Program into a Blueprint for Torture 你說：如何五角大樓拒絕訊問阻力計劃成為一個藍圖酷刑 Please note, only selected comments will be published.請注意，只有選定的評論將出版。 Or discuss this report in our new forums 或討論這個報告在我們的新論壇 This entry was posted on Friday, June 27th, 2008 at 3:04 am and is filed under 此項目被張貼於週五， 2008年6月27日在上午03時04分，並提交下 Contributions & Guests 貢獻＆客人 . 。 You can follow any responses to this entry through the 您可以按照任何的反應，此項目通過 RSS 2.0 2.0 feed. 餵養。 You can 您可以 leave a response 留下的回應 , or ，或 trackback Trackback跟踪 from your own site. 從你自己的網站。 | Translations 翻譯               Free Newsletter 免費通訊 Related News 相關新聞
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