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Woensdag, 2 Juli, 2008
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DE GLOBALE STUDIE TOONT AAN DAT HET VERBOD VAN DE DRUG EEN MISLUKKING IS

Woensdag, 2 Juli, 2008

Door Steve Higgins | Volgens een nieuw onderzoek hebben de V.S. hoogste niveau van onwettig cocaïne en cannabisgebruik in de wereld. God zij dank zo goed werkt de Oorlog voor Drugs! De wachttijd van Ohh…… die de oorlog OP drugs is heeft en het verondersteld om ons tegen ons en onze smerige druggewoonten te beschermen. Goed hoe dan ook. hier is de details op de studie:

Een overzicht van 17 landen heeft geconstateerd dat ondanks zijn bestraffend drugbeleid de Verenigde Staten de hoogste niveaus van onwettig cocaïne en cannabisgebruik hebben. De studie, door Louisa Degenhardt (Universiteit van Nieuw Zuid-Wales, Sydney, Australië) en collega's, is gebaseerd op het Samengestelde Internationale Kenmerkende Gesprek van de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie (CIDI) en in deze week gepubliceerd De Geneeskunde van PLoS.HM36~Drugs--slecht-Posters.jpg
De auteurs vonden dat 16.2% van mensen in de Verenigde Staten cocaïne in hun leven had gebruikt, een niveau veel hoger dan een ander onderzocht land (het tweede hoogste niveau van cocaïnegebruik was in Nieuw Zeeland, waar 4.3% van mensen hebben gebruiktd cocaïne rapporteerde). Gebruik van de cannabis was
hoogst in de V.S. (42.4%), gevolgd door Nieuw Zeeland (41.9%).

In Amerika, Europa, Japan, en Nieuw Zeeland, was de alcohol gebruikt door de overgrote meerderheid van onderzoeksdeelnemers, in vergelijking met kleinere aandelen in het Midden-Oosten, Afrika, en China.

Het onderzoek vond verschillen in zowel wettelijk als onwettig druggebruik onder verschillende sociaal-economische groepen. Bijvoorbeeld, zouden de mannetjes eerder dan wijfjes alle drugtypes gebruiken; de jongere volwassenen zouden eerder dan oudere volwassenen alle onderzochte drugs gebruiken; en het hogere inkomen werd betrekking gehad op druggebruik van alle soorten. De echtelijke status werd gevonden om op tabak, cannabis, en cocaïnegebruik, maar niet alcoholgebruik worden betrekking gehad (nooit gehuwd en eerder gehuwd hebbend hogere kansen van van de levencocaïne en cannabis gebruik dan momenteel gehuwd; het tabaks gebruik is waarschijnlijker in mensen die eerder terwijl minder waarschijnlijk onder nooit gehuwd zijn gehuwd).

Drug use “does not appear to be simply related to drug policy,” say the authors, “since countries with more stringent policies towards illegal drug use did not have lower levels of such drug use than countries with more liberal policies.” In the Netherlands, for example, which has more liberal policies than the US, 1.9% of people reported cocaine use and 19.8% reported cannabis use.

Data on drug use were available from 54,068 survey participants in 17 countries. The 17 countries were determined by the availability of research collaborators and on funding for the survey. Trained lay interviewers carried out face-to-face interviews (except in France where the interviews were done over the telephone) using a standardized, structured diagnostic interview for psychiatric conditions and drug use. Participants were asked if they had ever used alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, or cocaine.

The study’s main limitations are that only 17 countries were surveyed, within these countries there were different rates of participation, and it is unclear whether people accurately report
their drug use when interviewed. Nevertheless, the findings present comprehensive data on the patterns of drug use from national samples representing all regions of the world.

 

Citation: Degenhardt L, Chiu W-T, Sampson N, Kessler RC, Anthony JC, et al. (2008) Toward a global view of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and cocaine use: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. PLoS
Med 5(7): e141. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050141.

So the take home messages… people in the U.S. have a bunch of disposable income for drugs and we really f’n love cocaine! Although (I should really look at the article directly), it doesn’t look like they check out the countries in which the cocaine was produced. I’d be curious to see a survey on a wider variety of countries.

And finally… the most important take home message: Drug Policy has NOTHING to do with drug use. We can put users, dealers, producers, cousins of uncles of friends of users, their dogs, cats, guinea pigs, or the lint under their couches in jail or to death and it will have no effect on whether people use drugs or not. Education however… just maybe that will help. Oh.. that and taxation - Heavy heavy taxation. After all tobacco use has gone drastically down in the last decade with more education and higher drug prices.

 

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