John Pilger: Australia’s hidden Empire約翰週期：澳大利亞的隱患帝國

When the outside world thinks about Australia, it generally turns to venerable clichés of innocence – cricket, leaping marsupials, endless sunshine, no worries.當外面的世界想到澳大利亞時，通常會輪流老陳腐的清白-板球，躍居袋，無窮無盡的陽光，沒有任何顧慮。 Australian governments actively encourage this.澳大利亞政府積極鼓勵這一點。 Witness the recent “G’Day USA” campaign, in which Kylie Minogue and Nicole Kidman sought to persuade Americans that, unlike the empire’s problematic outposts, a gormless greeting awaited them Down Under.證人近期的" g'day美國"活動的一部分，其中凱莉米洛和妮可基德曼，試圖說服美國人，不像帝國的問題前哨， gormless迎來了期待已久的他們失望之下。 After all, George W Bush had ordained the previous Australian prime minister, John Howard, “sheriff of Asia”.畢竟，布什受戒前澳洲總理霍華德， "警長的亞洲" 。

That Australia runs its own empire is unmentionable; yet it stretches from the Aboriginal slums of Sydney to the ancient hinterlands of the continent and across the Arafura Sea and the South Pacific.澳方違背了自己的帝國是unmentionable ，但它從原住民的貧民窟悉尼古代腹地的大陸及整個達爾文市南海和南太平洋。 When the new prime minister, Kevin Rudd, apologised to the Aboriginal people on 13 February, he was acknowledging this.當新的總理，凱文拉德，道歉原住民2月13日，他承認這一點。 As for the apology itself, the Sydney Morning Herald accurately described it as a “piece of political wreckage” that “the Rudd government has moved quickly to clear away… in a way that responds to some of its own supporters’ emotional needs, yet changes nothing.至於道歉本身，悉尼先驅晨報，準確地將它描繪成一個"一塊政治殘骸" ， "澳政府已迅速採取行動，以清理…這樣一種方式回應了它的一些自己的支持者的情緒需要，但變化一無所獲。 It is a shrewd manoeuvre.”這是一個精明的操縱" 。

Like the conquest of the Native Americans, the decimation of Aboriginal Australia laid the foundation of Australia’s empire.想征服的土著美國人，抽取原住民澳大利亞奠定了基礎，澳大利亞的帝國。 The land was taken and many of its people were removed and impoverished or wiped out.土地被帶到它的許多人被拆除或貧困或滅絕。 For their descendants, untouched by the tsunami of sentimentality that accompanied Rudd’s apology, little has changed.為他們的後代，未受海嘯的情感伴隨拉德的道歉，幾乎沒有改變。 In the Northern Territory’s great expanse known as Utopia, people live without sanitation, running water, rubbish collection, decent housing and decent health.在北領地的大版圖，被稱為烏托邦，人們生活在沒有衛生設施，自來水，垃圾收集，體面的住房和體面的健康。 This is typical.這是典型的。 In the community of Mulga Bore, the water fountains in the Aboriginal school have run dry and the only water left is contaminated.在社區的mulga膛，噴泉，在原住民學校都開幹，而且是唯一留下的水是受到污染。

Throughout Aboriginal Australia, epidemics of gastroenteritis and rheumatic fever are as common as they were in the slums of 19th-century England.全國原住民澳大利亞，流行病的腸胃炎和風濕熱是由於共同的，因為他們在貧民窟的19世紀的英格蘭。 Aboriginal health, says the World Health Organisation, lags almost a hundred years behind that of white Australia.原住民健康說，世界衛生組織，落後了近百年落後於白人的澳大利亞。 This is the only developed nation on a United Nations “shame list” of countries that have not eradicated trachoma, an entirely preventable disease that blinds Aboriginal children.這是唯一的發達國家，對一個聯合國"羞恥名單"的國家尚未根除沙眼，是一個完全可以預防的疾病，這種疾病百葉窗原住民兒童。 Sri Lanka has beaten the disease, but not rich Australia.斯里蘭卡已經戰勝了疾病，但並不富裕，澳大利亞。 On 25 February, a coroner’s inquiry into the deaths in outback towns of 22 Aboriginal people, some of whom had hanged themselves, found they were trying to escape their “appalling lives”. 2月25日，死因裁判官的調查，死亡在人煙稀少的城鎮22個土著人，其中一些人已吊死自己，發現他們試圖逃離他們的"可怕的生活" 。

Most white Australians rarely see this third world in their own country.最白的澳洲人很少看到這樣的第三世界國家，在自己的國家。 What they call here “public intellectuals” prefer to argue over whether the past happened, and to blame its horrors on the present-day victims.他們所謂這裡的"公共知識分子"寧可爭論是否過去發生的事情，並指責其恐怖，對當前天的受害者。 Their mantra that Aboriginal infrastructure and welfare spending provide “a black hole for public money” is racist, false and craven.他們的口頭禪原住民基礎設施和社會福利開支，提供"一個黑洞，為公帑" ，是種族主義的，虛假和craven 。 Hundreds of millions of dollars that Australian governments claim they spend are never spent, or end up in projects for white people.數以億計的美元，澳大利亞政府稱，他們花是永遠不會花掉了，或者結束了在建項目為白人。 It is estimated that the legal action mounted by white interests, including federal and state governments, contesting Aboriginal native title claims alone covers several billion dollars.據估計，該訴訟展開白人的利益，包括聯邦和州政府，角逐原住民土著人的所有權要求，僅涵蓋了數十億美元。

Smear is commonly deployed as a distraction.塗片是常見的部署作為分心。 In 2006, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s leading current affairs programme, Lateline, broadcast lurid allegations of “sex slavery” among the Mutitjulu Aboriginal people.在2006年，澳大利亞廣播公司的領導時事節目，晚間節目，播出刺眼的指控"性奴役"之間mutitjulu原住民。 The source, described as an “anonymous youth worker”, was exposed as a federal government official, whose “evidence” was discredited by the Northern Territory chief minister and police.消息來源說，題名為"無名氏青年工作者" ，被暴露出來，作為一個聯邦政府官員，他們的"證據"是抹黑，由北領地首席部長和警察。 Lateline never retracted its allegations.晚間節目絕不跳票，其指控。 Within a year, Prime Minister John Howard had declared a “national emergency” and sent the army, police and “business managers” into Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory.內一年內，霍華德總理宣布了"國家緊急狀態" ，並派軍隊，警察和"業務經理" ，到原住民社區，在北領地。 A commissioned study on Aboriginal children was cited; and “protecting the children” became the media cry – just as it had more than half a century ago when children were kidnapped by white welfare authorities.委託研究，對原住民兒童被引用;和"保護兒童" ，成為媒體哭了-正如它進行了超過半世紀前，當孩子被綁架，白福利當局。 One of the authors of the study, Pat Anderson, complained: “There is no relationship between the emergency powers and what’s in our report.” His research had concentrated on the effects of slum housing on children.作者之一的研究中，帕特安德森抱怨說： "是沒有關係的緊急權力和什麼的，在我們的報告" ，他的研究集中於影響貧民窟房屋對兒童的影響。 Few now listened to him.現在很少聽到他。 Kevin Rudd, as opposition leader, supported the “intervention” and has maintained it as prime minister.凱文拉德，作為反對黨領袖，支持"干預" ，並繼續保持它當上了首相。 Welfare payments are “quarantined” and people controlled and patronised in the colonial way.福利金是"被隔離" ，人的控制和光顧，在殖民地的方式。 To justify this, the mostly Murdoch-owned capital-city press has published a relentlessly one-dimensional picture of Aboriginal degradation.以這種方式，大多是默多克國有資本市新聞出版了一本無情的一維圖片原住民退化。 No one denies that alcoholism and child abuse exist, as they do in white Australia, but no quarantine operates there.沒有人會否認，酗酒和虐待兒童存在的，因為它們在白澳大利亞，但沒有檢疫的運作。

The Northern Territory is where Aboriginal people have had comprehensive land rights longer than anywhere else, granted almost by accident 30 years ago.北領地是在土著人已制訂了全面的土地權利較長較其他地方，幾乎是理所當然的，由事故， 30年前。 The Howard government set about clawing them back.霍華德政府正在著手扣回來。 The territory contains extraordinary mineral wealth, including huge deposits of uranium on Aboriginal land.領土載不平凡的礦產財富，其中包括巨額存款的鈾對原住民土地。 The number of companies licensed to explore for uranium has doubled to 80.公司數目持牌探討鈾礦也翻了一番，達到了80 。 Kellogg Brown & Root, a subsidiary of the American giant Halliburton, built the railway from Adelaide to Darwin, which runs adjacent to Olympic Dam, the world’s largest low-grade uranium mine.凱洛格布朗＆根的一個子公司美國巨頭哈利伯頓公司，修建了鐵路，從阿德萊德至達爾文，這也不符合毗鄰奧林匹克大壩，世界上最大的低品位鈾礦。 Last year, the Howard government appropriated Aboriginal land near Tennant Creek, where it intends to store the radioactive waste.去年，霍華德政府撥給原住民土地近tennant溪，在那裡打算儲存放射性廢料。 “The land-grab of Aboriginal tribal land has nothing to do with child sexual abuse,” says the internationally acclaimed Australian scientist and actvist Helen Caldicott, “but all to do with open slather uranium mining and converting the Northern Territory to a global nuclear dump.” "土地換抓斗的原住民部落土地並不涉及兒童性虐待， "說，國際知名的澳洲科學家和actvist海倫caldicott " ，但都離不開開放slather鈾礦開採和轉換北方領土，以一場全球性核自卸"

This “top end” of Australia borders the Arafura and Timor Seas, across from the Indonesian archipelago.這種"高端"的澳大利亞瀕臨達爾文和東帝汶等海域，橫跨從印尼群島。 One of the world’s great submarine oil and gas deposits lies off East Timor.世界上的一個巨大的海底石油和天然氣礦藏在於小康東帝汶。 In 1975, Australia’s then ambassador in Jakarta, Richard Woolcott, who had been tipped off about the coming Indonesian invasion of then Portuguese East Timor, secretly recommended to Canberra that Australia turn a blind eye to it, noting that the seabed riches “could be much more readily negotiated with Indonesia . 1975年，在澳大利亞的大使，然後在雅加達，理查德woolcott ，已通風報信，對今後印尼入侵，然後葡萄牙語東帝汶，暗中推薦堪培拉說，澳大利亞卻視而不見，它表示，鑑於海底寶藏" ，可更為容易通過談判與印度尼西亞。 . 。 . 。 than with [an independent] Timor”.比起與[獨立]帝汶" 。 Gareth Evans, later foreign minister, described a prize worth “zillions of dollars”.加雷思埃文斯，後來外交部長，描述了獎價值" zillions計的" 。 He ensured that Australia distinguish itself as one of the few countries to recognise General Suharto’s bloody occupation, in which 200,000 East Timorese lost their lives.他保證說，澳大利亞區分自己的少數幾個國家之一，以表揚蘇哈托將軍的血腥佔領，其中有20萬東帝汶人喪生。

When eventually, in 1999, East Timor won its independence, the Howard government set out to manoeuvre the East Timorese out of their proper share of the oil and gas revenue by unilaterally changing the maritime boundary and withdrawing from World Court jurisdiction in maritime disputes.當最終，在1999年，東帝汶獲得獨立後，霍華德政府列出來操縱東帝汶出自己應有的份額的石油和天然氣收入由單方面改變海上邊界及退出世界法院司法管轄權範圍內海事糾紛。 This would have denied desperately needed revenue to the new country, stricken from its years of brutal occupation.這將有否認迫切需要的收入，以新國家，受災從多年的殘酷佔領。 However, East Timor’s then prime minister, Mari Alkatiri, leader of the majority Fretilin party, proved more than a match for Canberra and especially its bullying foreign minister, Alexander Downer.不過，東帝汶的當時的總理阿爾卡蒂裡，領導人的多數黨東帝汶獨立革命陣線，證明了一個多配合坎培拉特別是其欺凌外長唐納。

Alkatiri demonstrated that he was a nationalist who believed East Timor’s resource wealth should be the property of the state, so that the nation did not fall into debt to the World Bank.阿爾卡蒂裡表明，他是一個民族主義者，他們認為東帝汶的資源財富，應當成為國家的財產，使國家不陷入債務給世界銀行。 He also believed that women should have equal opportunity, and that health care and education should be universal.他還認為，女性應該有平等的機會，並表示，醫療保健和教育應該具有普遍性。 “I am against rich men feasting behind closed doors,” he said. "我反對富人酒綠燈紅閉門造車， "他說。 For this, he was caricatured as a communist by his opponents, notably the president, Xanana Gusmão, and the then foreign minister, José Ramos-Horta, both close to the Australian political Establishment.為此，他被caricatured作為一個共產黨員，他的對手，尤其是總統，夏納納古斯芒，和當時的外交部長若澤拉莫斯-奧爾塔，均接近澳洲的政治場所。 When a group of disgruntled soldiers rebelled against Alkatiri’s government in 2006, Australia readily accepted an “invitation” to send troops to East Timor.當一群心懷不滿的士兵反抗阿爾卡蒂裡的政府在2006年，澳大利亞欣然接受"邀請" ，派兵到東帝汶。 “Australia,” wrote Paul Kelly in Murdoch’s Australian, “is operating as a regional power or a potential hegemon that shapes security and political outcomes. "澳大利亞寫道， "保羅凱利在默多克旗下的澳洲" ，是作為一個地區大國或潛在的霸主，創造安全和政治成果。 This language is unpalatable to many.這門語言是食之無味許多。 Yet it is the reality.但它是一個現實。 It is new, experimental territory for Australia.”它是一個新的，實驗性的領土，為澳大利亞" 。

A mendacious campaign against the “corrupt” Alkatiri was mounted in the Australian media, reminiscent of the coup by media that briefly toppled Hugo Chávez in Venezuela.一捏造反"腐敗"阿爾卡蒂裡被安裝在澳洲傳媒，使人聯想起政變是由傳媒表示，簡單地推翻烏戈查韋斯在委內瑞拉。 Like the US soldiers who ignored looters on the streets of Baghdad, Australian soldiers stood by while armed rioters terrorised people, burned their homes and attacked churches.就像美國的士兵漠視搶劫巴格達街頭，澳大利亞士兵站在而武裝暴徒恐怖的人，燒掉了自己的家園，並攻擊教會。 The rebel leader Alfredo Reinado, a murderous thug trained in Australia, was elevated to folk hero.叛軍領導人阿爾弗雷多reinado ，殺人暴徒的培訓，澳大利亞，又上升到民間英雄。 Under this pressure, the democratically elected Alkatiri was forced from office and East Timor was declared a “failed state” by Australia’s legion of security academics and journalistic parrots concerned with the “arc of instability” to the north, an instability they supported as long as the genocidal Suharto was in charge.根據這一壓力下，由民選產生阿爾卡蒂裡被迫從辦公室和東帝汶被宣布為一個"失敗的國家" ，由澳大利亞的軍團中的安全學者和新聞工作者鸚鵡關注的"不穩定之弧"向北方，是一個不穩定的，他們支持，因為只要把種族滅絕蘇哈托曾經負責。

Paradoxically, on 11 February, Ramos-Horta and Gusmão came to grief as they tried to do a deal with Reinado in order to subdue him.自相矛盾的是， 2月11日，拉莫斯-奧爾塔和古斯芒來悲痛，他們試圖做處理reinado為了制服他。 His rebels turned on them both, leaving Ramos-Horta critically wounded and Reinado himself dead.他的叛軍拒絕就他們兩人，在離開拉莫斯-奧爾塔重傷和reinado自殺身亡。 From Canberra, Prime Minister Rudd announced the despatch of more Australian “peacemakers”.從堪培拉，總理拉德宣布寄發更多的澳洲"和平締造者" 。 In the same week, the World Food Programme disclosed that the children of resource-rich East Timor were slowly starving, with more than 42 per cent of under-fives seriously underweight – a statistic which corresponds to that of Aboriginal children in “failed” communities that also occupy an abundant natural resource.在同一個星期裡，世界糧食計劃署透露說，兒童的天然資源豐富的東帝汶被慢慢餓死， 42 ％以上的，根據五歲嚴重不足-一個數字相當於當年的原住民孩子在"失敗"社區這也佔據了豐富的天然資源。

Australia is engaged in the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea, where its troops and federal police have dealt with “breakdowns in law and order” that are “depriving Australia of business and investment opportunities”.澳大利亞是從事索羅門群島和巴布亞新畿內亞，而其部隊和聯邦警察已來處理"故障的法律和秩序" ，是"剝奪澳大利亞商業及投資機會" 。 A former senior Australian intelligence officer calls these “wild societies for which intervention represents a blunt, but necessary instrument”.一名前澳大利亞高級情報官員呼籲這些"野生的社會干預是一個率直的，但必要的工具" 。 Australia is also entrenched in Afghanistan and Iraq.澳大利亞也盤踞在阿富汗和伊拉克。 Rudd’s electoral promise to withdraw from the “coalition of the willing” does not include almost half of Australia’s troops in Iraq.拉德的選舉諾言退出"意願聯盟" ，不包括幾乎一半的澳大利亞的軍隊在伊拉克。
At last year’s conference of the American-Australian Leadership Dialogue – an annual event designed to unite the foreign policies of the two countries, but in reality an opportunity for the Australian elite to express its historic servility to great power – Rudd was in unusually oratorical style.在去年的會議上的美國-澳大利亞領導的對話-每年舉辦一次，旨在團結的外交政策，這兩個國家，但在現實中的一個機會，讓澳洲精英，以表達其歷史性的奴性大國-拉德是在不尋常演講風格。 “It is time we sang from the world’s rooftops,” he said, “[that] despite Iraq, America is an overwhelming force for good in the world… I look forward to more than working with the great American democracy, the arsenal of freedom, in bringing about long-term changes to the planet.” "現在是時候，我們唱，從世界的屋頂" ，他說： " [這]儘管伊拉克，美國是一個壓倒性的力量為好，在世界上… …我期待著更多的工作，比同偉大的美國民主，阿森納自由，使長期變化，以這個星球上" 。

The new sheriff for Asia had spoken.新的警長，為亞洲講了話。

John Pilger 約翰週期

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