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Woensdag, 12 Maart, 2008

Wanneer de buitenwereld over Australië denkt, draait het over het algemeen aan venerable clichés van onschuld - veenmol, springende buideldieren, eindeloze zonneschijn, geen zorgen. De Australische overheden moedigen actief dit aan. Getuig de recente campagne van de' „V.S. van de Dag“ van G, waarin Kylie Minogue en Nicole Kidman tot doel hadden om Amerikanen te overreden dat, in tegenstelling tot de problematische buitenposten van het imperium, een gormless groet op hen neer onder wachtte. Toch had George W Bush de vorige Australische eerste minister, John Howard, „sheriff van Azië“ verordend.

Dat Australië stelt zijn eigen imperium in werking is unmentionable; maar toch rekt het zich van de Inheemse krottenwijken van Sydney uit aan de oude achterlanden van het continent en over het Overzees van Arafura en de Stille Zuidzee. Toen de nieuwe eerste minister, Kevin Rudd, zich aan de Inheemse mensen op 13 Februari verontschuldigde, erkende hij dit. Zoals voor de verontschuldiging zelf aan, kondigt de Ochtend van Sydney nauwkeurig beschreven het aangezien een „stuk van politieke schipbreuk“ die de „overheid Rudd snel om heeft bewogen op een bepaalde manier weg te halen… die aan sommige van zijn eigen verdedigers' emotionele behoeften antwoordt, nog niets verandert. Het is een shrewd manoeuvre.“

Als de verovering van de Inheemse Amerikanen, legde het decimeren van Inheems Australië de fundamenten van het imperium van Australië. Het land werd genomen en veel van zijn mensen werden uit verwijderd en verarmd of werden werden afgeveegd. Voor hun nakomelingen, onaangeroerd door tsunami van sentimentality die de verontschuldiging begeleidde van Rudd, is weinig veranderd. In de grote uitgestrektheid van het Noordelijke Grondgebied die als Utopie wordt bekend, leven de mensen zonder hygiëne, lopend water, vuilnisinzameling, fatsoenlijke huisvesting en fatsoenlijke gezondheid. Dit is typisch. In de gemeenschap van Mulga droeg, hebben de waterfonteinen in de Inheemse school droog en het enige verlaten water is vervuild in werking gesteld.

In heel Inheems Australië, zijn de epidemieën van buikgriep en reumatische koorts zo gemeenschappelijk aangezien zij in de krottenwijken van 19de eeuw Engeland waren. De inheemse gezondheid, zegt de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie, blijft bijna honderd jaar achter dat van wit Australië achter. Dit is de enige ontwikkelde natie op de Verenigde Naties „schandelijst“ van landen die geen trachoom, een volledig te voorkomen ziekte hebben uitgeroeid die Inheemse kinderen verblindt. Sri Lanka heeft de ziekte, maar niet rijk Australië geslagen. Voor 25 Februari, vond het onderzoek van een coroner in de sterfgevallen in binnenlandsteden van 22 Inheemse mensen, sommigen van wie zich hadden gehangen, zij probeerden om aan hun „verschrikkelijk leven“ te ontsnappen.

Most white Australians rarely see this third world in their own country. What they call here “public intellectuals” prefer to argue over whether the past happened, and to blame its horrors on the present-day victims. Their mantra that Aboriginal infrastructure and welfare spending provide “a black hole for public money” is racist, false and craven. Hundreds of millions of dollars that Australian governments claim they spend are never spent, or end up in projects for white people. It is estimated that the legal action mounted by white interests, including federal and state governments, contesting Aboriginal native title claims alone covers several billion dollars.

Smear is commonly deployed as a distraction. In 2006, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s leading current affairs programme, Lateline, broadcast lurid allegations of “sex slavery” among the Mutitjulu Aboriginal people. The source, described as an “anonymous youth worker”, was exposed as a federal government official, whose “evidence” was discredited by the Northern Territory chief minister and police. Lateline never retracted its allegations. Within a year, Prime Minister John Howard had declared a “national emergency” and sent the army, police and “business managers” into Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory. A commissioned study on Aboriginal children was cited; and “protecting the children” became the media cry – just as it had more than half a century ago when children were kidnapped by white welfare authorities. One of the authors of the study, Pat Anderson, complained: “There is no relationship between the emergency powers and what’s in our report.” His research had concentrated on the effects of slum housing on children. Few now listened to him. Kevin Rudd, as opposition leader, supported the “intervention” and has maintained it as prime minister. Welfare payments are “quarantined” and people controlled and patronised in the colonial way. To justify this, the mostly Murdoch-owned capital-city press has published a relentlessly one-dimensional picture of Aboriginal degradation. No one denies that alcoholism and child abuse exist, as they do in white Australia, but no quarantine operates there.

The Northern Territory is where Aboriginal people have had comprehensive land rights longer than anywhere else, granted almost by accident 30 years ago. The Howard government set about clawing them back. The territory contains extraordinary mineral wealth, including huge deposits of uranium on Aboriginal land. The number of companies licensed to explore for uranium has doubled to 80. Kellogg Brown & Root, a subsidiary of the American giant Halliburton, built the railway from Adelaide to Darwin, which runs adjacent to Olympic Dam, the world’s largest low-grade uranium mine. Last year, the Howard government appropriated Aboriginal land near Tennant Creek, where it intends to store the radioactive waste. “The land-grab of Aboriginal tribal land has nothing to do with child sexual abuse,” says the internationally acclaimed Australian scientist and actvist Helen Caldicott, “but all to do with open slather uranium mining and converting the Northern Territory to a global nuclear dump.”

This “top end” of Australia borders the Arafura and Timor Seas, across from the Indonesian archipelago. One of the world’s great submarine oil and gas deposits lies off East Timor. In 1975, Australia’s then ambassador in Jakarta, Richard Woolcott, who had been tipped off about the coming Indonesian invasion of then Portuguese East Timor, secretly recommended to Canberra that Australia turn a blind eye to it, noting that the seabed riches “could be much more readily negotiated with Indonesia . . . than with [an independent] Timor”. Gareth Evans, later foreign minister, described a prize worth “zillions of dollars”. He ensured that Australia distinguish itself as one of the few countries to recognise General Suharto’s bloody occupation, in which 200,000 East Timorese lost their lives.

When eventually, in 1999, East Timor won its independence, the Howard government set out to manoeuvre the East Timorese out of their proper share of the oil and gas revenue by unilaterally changing the maritime boundary and withdrawing from World Court jurisdiction in maritime disputes. This would have denied desperately needed revenue to the new country, stricken from its years of brutal occupation. However, East Timor’s then prime minister, Mari Alkatiri, leader of the majority Fretilin party, proved more than a match for Canberra and especially its bullying foreign minister, Alexander Downer.

Alkatiri demonstrated that he was a nationalist who believed East Timor’s resource wealth should be the property of the state, so that the nation did not fall into debt to the World Bank. He also believed that women should have equal opportunity, and that health care and education should be universal. “I am against rich men feasting behind closed doors,” he said. For this, he was caricatured as a communist by his opponents, notably the president, Xanana Gusmão, and the then foreign minister, José Ramos-Horta, both close to the Australian political Establishment. When a group of disgruntled soldiers rebelled against Alkatiri’s government in 2006, Australia readily accepted an “invitation” to send troops to East Timor. “Australia,” wrote Paul Kelly in Murdoch’s Australian, “is operating as a regional power or a potential hegemon that shapes security and political outcomes. This language is unpalatable to many. Yet it is the reality. It is new, experimental territory for Australia.”

A mendacious campaign against the “corrupt” Alkatiri was mounted in the Australian media, reminiscent of the coup by media that briefly toppled Hugo Chávez in Venezuela. Like the US soldiers who ignored looters on the streets of Baghdad, Australian soldiers stood by while armed rioters terrorised people, burned their homes and attacked churches. The rebel leader Alfredo Reinado, a murderous thug trained in Australia, was elevated to folk hero. Under this pressure, the democratically elected Alkatiri was forced from office and East Timor was declared a “failed state” by Australia’s legion of security academics and journalistic parrots concerned with the “arc of instability” to the north, an instability they supported as long as the genocidal Suharto was in charge.

Paradoxically, on 11 February, Ramos-Horta and Gusmão came to grief as they tried to do a deal with Reinado in order to subdue him. His rebels turned on them both, leaving Ramos-Horta critically wounded and Reinado himself dead. From Canberra, Prime Minister Rudd announced the despatch of more Australian “peacemakers”. In the same week, the World Food Programme disclosed that the children of resource-rich East Timor were slowly starving, with more than 42 per cent of under-fives seriously underweight – a statistic which corresponds to that of Aboriginal children in “failed” communities that also occupy an abundant natural resource.

Australia is engaged in the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea, where its troops and federal police have dealt with “breakdowns in law and order” that are “depriving Australia of business and investment opportunities”. A former senior Australian intelligence officer calls these “wild societies for which intervention represents a blunt, but necessary instrument”. Australia is also entrenched in Afghanistan and Iraq. Rudd’s electoral promise to withdraw from the “coalition of the willing” does not include almost half of Australia’s troops in Iraq.
At last year’s conference of the American-Australian Leadership Dialogue – an annual event designed to unite the foreign policies of the two countries, but in reality an opportunity for the Australian elite to express its historic servility to great power – Rudd was in unusually oratorical style. “It is time we sang from the world’s rooftops,” he said, “[that] despite Iraq, America is an overwhelming force for good in the world… I look forward to more than working with the great American democracy, the arsenal of freedom, in bringing about long-term changes to the planet.”

The new sheriff for Asia had spoken.

John Pilger

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