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Monday, April 28th, 2008 周一， 2008年4月28日

By通过 Naomi Spencer纳奥米斯潘塞 | Internal emails from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) turned over to a federal district court in San Francisco this week reveal that the agency’s mental health unit saw a staggering 1,000 suicide attempts every month among veterans receiving government care last year. |内部电子邮件从退伍军人事务部（ VA部）移交给联邦地方法院在美国旧金山，这周透露，该机构的心理健康组看到一个惊人的1000年企图自杀，每一个月，其中退伍军人接受政府照顾的去年。 emails also indicated that among all US veterans, the VA was aware of a suicide rate of 6,570 per year, or 18 suicides every day on average.电子邮件还表示，所有美国退伍军人， VA部知道一个自杀率6570每年，或自杀，每18天就平均水平。

This figure—which corresponds to the suicide estimate CBS News arrived at independently last fall and which VA officials vehemently contested—further underscores the social costs of the occupations of Iraq and Afghanistan.这个数字相当于自杀，估计CBS新闻抵达独立去年秋天和VA部官员强烈争议-进一步强调了社会成本的职业伊拉克和阿富汗。 The emails also reveal the attitudes and policies of Bush administration and military officials regarding the suffering of veterans and the public’s right to know.电子邮件中也暴露出的态度和政策，布什政府和军方官员就痛苦的退伍军人和公众的知情权。

The emails were reviewed by the federal District Court of Northern California on Monday, where a lawsuit against the VA is being heard.电子邮件进行了审查，由联邦地方法院北加州对周一，凡起诉VA部正在审理。 The suit, brought by the veterans’ advocacy groups Veterans for Common Sense and Veterans United for Truth, is seeking to force a restructuring of the veterans’ medical system in light of an enormous backlog of healthcare claims, large numbers of suicides and cases of untreated mental trauma among military personnel returning from Iraq and Afghanistan.诉讼，所带来的退伍军人倡导团体的退伍军人为普通常识和美国的退伍军人，为真理，寻求武力的调整退伍军人的医疗制度在根据一个巨大积压的医疗索赔，大量的自杀案件未处理精神创伤之间的军事人员返回伊拉克和阿富汗。

One of the most damning emails, made available by CBS on its web site April 21, was written by VA Mental Health director Ira Katz and headed with the subject line “Not for the CBS News Interview Request.”其中最严厉的电子邮件，提供了哥伦比亚广播公司在其网站上4月21日，作者是VA部心理健康主任，爱尔兰共和军卡茨和为首的与主题行“不是为美国哥伦比亚广播公司新闻采访的要求” 。

Katz sent the message to the agency’s media relations chief February 13: “Shh!卡茨发出的信息是该机构的媒体关系，行政2月13日： “ shh ！ Our suicide prevention coordinators are identifying about 1,000 suicide attempts per month among the veterans we see in our medical facilities.我们的自杀预防协调员现正物色约1000企图自杀，每月之间的退伍军人，我们看到在我们的医疗设施。 Is this something we should (carefully) address ourselves in some sort of release before someone stumbles on it?”这是我们应该（小心）地址自己在某种释放之前，有人就stumbles它“ ？

Everett Chasen, the VA’s chief communications officer, replied: “I think this is something we should discuss among ourselves, before issuing a release….埃弗里特在奇森， VA部的通信主任，回答说： “我认为这是我们应该讨论我们之间，前发出新闻稿… … 。 It might be something we drop into a general release about our suicide prevention efforts, which (as you know far better than I) prominently include training employees to recognize the warning signs of suicide.”它可能是我们掉进一般发布关于我们的自杀预防工作， （如你所知远胜一）突出包括培训雇员承认警告标志，自杀“ 。

In November, CBS News published the results of a study it commissioned of state-by-state death statistics for 2005.在11月， CBS新闻发表一项研究的结果，它委托国家，由国家死因统计， 2005年。 Among the 45 of 50 states for which data was returned, the study found that at least 6,256 veterans had committed suicide that year.其中45 50国的数据传回，研究发现，至少有6256退伍军人已自杀身亡这一年。

By the network’s calculations, 120 veterans took their own lives each week on average, or about 17 every single day.该网络的计算， 120老兵了自己的生命，每星期就平均而言，或约17每一天。

At the time of the CBS report, Katz insisted that “Their number is not, in fact, an accurate reflection of the rate.” According to the network, three days after making this statement, Katz admitted in an email, “there are about 18 suicides per day among America’s 25 million veterans,” or about 6,570 per year.在的时候，美国哥伦比亚广播公司报道，卡兹坚持认为， “他们的人数是没有，事实上，准确地反映了利率。 ”据到网络上，三天后，作此发言，卡兹承认，在电子邮件中， “有大约18自杀每天之间的美国的2500万退伍军人， “或约6570左右。 This figure, Katz wrote, “is supported by the CBS numbers.”这个数字，卡茨写道： “是的支持，美国哥伦比亚广播公司的数目” 。

In contrast, when asked by CBS why the military had not conducted a national study of suicides, Katz told the network, “There is no epidemic of suicide in the VA, but suicide is a major problem.”相反的，当问及由CBS为何军方已没有一个国家进行的研究自杀，凯兹说，网络， “是没有流行的自杀，在VA部，但自杀是一个重大的问题” 。

Another email exchange turned over to the court, between Katz and VA undersecretary Michael Kussman from December 15, further confirms that top VA officials knew the suicide rate they publicly disclosed was far lower than the actual rate.另一封电子邮件交流移交给法院之间，卡茨和VA副迈克尔库斯曼从12月15日，进一步证实顶端VA部官员知道的自杀率，他们公开是远远低于实际利率。 Kussman wrote, “McClatchy [news agency] alleges that 18 veterans kill themselves everyday and this is confirmed by the VA’s own statistics.库斯曼写道， “已建立起[通讯社]指称， 18岁的退伍军人杀死自己的日常生活和证实了这一点由VA部自己的统计。 Is that true?这是真的吗？ Sounds awful but if one is considering 24 million veterans.”听起来可怕，但如果其中一个是考虑到2400万退伍军人“ 。

In his reply, Katz confirmed the validity of the reports and added that “VA’s own data demonstrate 4-5 suicides per day among those who receive care from us.”在他的答复，卡茨证实的有效性的报告和补充说： “ VA部自己的数据表明， 4月5日自杀，每天当中，谁照顾我们” 。

Yet on February 5, VA Secretary James Peake issued a letter to Congress stating that between October 2001 and December 2005, VA records indicated only 144 combat veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan had committed suicide.然而，于二月五日， VA部局长詹姆斯皮克发出一封函件，向国会说明2001年10月至2005年12月， VA部的记录显示只有144作战的老兵，伊拉克和阿富汗已自杀身亡。 In March, the VA provided CBS data suggesting that among recently treated VA patients, there were 790 attempted suicides for 2007.今年3月， VA部提供的哥伦比亚广播公司的数据表明，其中VA部最近治疗的病人，有790企图自杀，为2007年。

The disparity between the content of internal correspondence and public statements of VA officials suggests a cover-up.之间的差距的内容，内部函件和公开声明的VA部官员建议，掩盖了。 Indeed, in one email reviewed by the court, dated March 10, communications officer Chasen commented, “I don’t want to give CBS any more numbers on veterans suicides or attempts than they already have—it will only lead to more questions.”的确，在一个电子邮件法院重新审议， 3月10日，通讯干事在奇森评论说， “我不想给哥伦比亚广播公司的任何更多的号码，退伍军人自杀或企图比他们已经有-它只会导致更多的问题” 。

Since Veterans for Common Sense and Veterans United for Truth filed suit against the government last July, the Bush administration has sought to have the case dismissed.由于退伍军人共同意识和退伍军人，美国为真理而提起诉讼，反对政府去年7月，布什政府已要求有案驳回。 According to the Justice Department, the advocacy groups did not have the right to sue because they were associations rather than individuals.根据司法部，倡导团体没有权利控告，因为他们社团，而非个人。 The Justice Department further declared that veterans were not legally entitled to bring a class action lawsuit against the government.司法部还宣布退伍军人没有法律有权带来的集体诉讼政府。 These arguments were rejected in district court, but it is likely that the administration will challenge any unfavorable ruling.这些论点，被拒绝在区域法院，但有可能是表示，政府当局将挑战任何不利的裁决。

In court this week, VA officials were defensive about the agency’s mental health management system.在法庭上，这周， VA部官员防御有关机构的心理健康管理制度。 In an opening statement Tuesday, Justice Department lawyer Richard Lepley told the court that medical claims have increased at the VA by 25 percent since 2001, from 675,000 to 838,000 in 2007.在开幕发言，周二，司法部律师理查德lepley告诉法庭，医疗费用报销有所增加，在VA部由25 ％ ，自2001年以来，从675000到838000在2007年。 The defense maintained that this increase was mainly attributable to aging Vietnam veterans seeking medical care.国防部认为，这增加，主要是由于老化的越战退伍军人寻求医疗照顾。

Because of this increase, Lepley said, the VA had failed to reduce the long waiting period for claims processing as it had pledged to do last year.正因为如此增加， lepley说， VA部并没有减少长期的等待期为索赔处理，因为它曾承诺在去年做的。 The agency had announced it would shorten the average processing time to 125 days.该机构曾宣布，它将缩短平均处理时间为125天。 According to Gordon Erspamer, an attorney representing the veterans’ groups, the VA takes as long as 15 years before compensating veterans for psychological disorders.据戈登erspamer ，律政司代表退伍军人团体， VA部考虑，只要15年前，补偿的退伍军人为心理障碍。

Lepley told the court the VA currently took 185 days on average to attend to medical claims. lepley告诉法庭，妇联，目前采取了185天，平均出席，以医疗费用报销。 The defense called this processing time “reasonable.”美国国防部所谓的处理时间，这“合理” 。

Kerri Childress, a spokesperson for the California VA in attendance at the trial, told the New York Times Tuesday that, in the newspaper’s words, “News coverage from the current wars has also led to new mental health problems among Vietnam veterans.” Referring to the war in Iraq, Childress told the Times , “I don’t think anybody had any idea how long the war was going to go on,” adding that, as the paper put it, “there was no way to fully anticipate the demand for medical care from Vietnam veterans.” kerri Childress ） ，一位发言人加州VA部在出席在审判时，告诉纽约时报星期二，在报纸上的话， “新闻报道从目前的战争还导致了新的精神健康问题之间的越战退伍军人” 。在谈到伊拉克战争， Childress ）告诉纽约时报 ， “我不认为任何人有任何的想法如何，只要战争持续下去， ”补充说，作为该文件提出， “有没有办法充分预期需求的医疗照顾，由越战退伍军人“ 。

The connection between the brutality of war, especially colonial war, and psychological trauma is historically well established.之间的联系，残酷的战争，尤其是殖民战争，和心理创伤是历史上早已确立。 Moreover, it is widely acknowledged among sections of the military brass that current US forces are being stretched to the breaking point, and the entire political establishment agrees that the so-called “war on terror” and particularly the occupation of Iraq are intentionally open-ended.此外，人们普遍承认，各款之间的军事黄铜，目前美军正在伸展到突破点，和整个政治成立同意认为，所谓的“反恐战争” ，尤其是对伊拉克的占领是有意开放结束。

A multitude of social problems and military policies account for the large number of suicides among returning Iraq and Afghanistan veterans: the recruitment of soldiers with preexisting psychological problems, long and repeated deployments, widespread reliance upon anti-depressants and other drugs to dull mental trauma, as well as the underfunding of post-deployment mental health care and the stigmatization of mental illness within the military.众多的社会问题和军事政策的帐户，为大自杀人数的返回伊拉克和阿富汗的退伍军人：招募士兵与原有的心理问题，长期和反复的部署，广泛依赖抗忧郁症药物和其他药物，以呆板的精神创伤，以及由于资金不足，部署后的心理保健和轻蔑的精神病与军事。 Fundamentally, however, both the mounting social crisis among returning veterans and the VA’s negligence have their source in the nature of the war itself.从根本上说，然而，无论安装的社会危机之间的返回退伍军人和VA部的疏忽，其来源在战争的性质本身。

In light of the publication of the VA internal emails, Senate Democrats have called for the resignation of Mental Health director Katz.在根据公布的VA部的内部电子邮件，参议院民主党人要求辞职的心理健康主任凯兹。 On Wednesday, during a Veterans’ Affairs committee hearing, Washington Democratic Sen. Patty Murray told VA officials that the agency faced a credibility crisis.对周三，在退伍军人事务委员会的听证会上，华盛顿民主党参议员派蒂美利说， VA部官员表示，该机构面临的信誉危机。 “The culture of the VA has to change…. “文化的VA部已改变… … 。 The whole culture is repressing information.整个文化是镇压的信息。 We are not your enemy.我们不是你的敌人。 We are your support system.”我们是您的支持系统“ 。

Katz was not present at the hearing.卡茨当时并不在场，在听证会上。 Deputy VA secretary Gordon Mansfield offered to “apologize for the implications here,” but denied that the agency made any effort to stonewall or obfuscate suicide data. VA部副部长戈登曼斯菲尔德提供的“道歉的影响，这里” ，但无可否认，该机构作出的任何努力，石墙或模糊的自杀数据。

VA personnel undersecretary David Chu suggested that although suicides have increased, it was “good news” that the rate was lower than the national average. VA部人事副朱幼麟认为，虽然自杀事件有所增加，这是“好消息”指出，率低于全国平均水平。 This is a gross distortion.这是一个严重的失真。 The CBS News survey found that among veterans aged 20-24, the suicide rate was between 2.5 and 4 times higher than for non-veterans of the same age.美国哥伦比亚广播公司新闻调查发现，退伍军人，其中20-24岁，自杀率是介乎于2.5和4倍，高于非退伍军人，同一年龄。 For a subgroup of the population that is young, fit and ostensibly screened for mental problems, the suicide rate is alarmingly high—between 23 and 33 per 100,000 young veterans killed themselves in 2005.为一个分组的人口是年轻人，适合表面上进行筛选，精神有问题，自杀率是高得惊人-介乎二十三和百分之三十三十万青年退伍军人死亡，自己在2005年。

On April 17, the RAND Corporation think-tank released a study that found symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or major depression among 300,000 returned military personnel—nearly a fifth of all those who have served in Iraq and Afghanistan. 4月17日，兰德公司的智囊型发表的一项研究，发现症状，创伤后应激障碍（创伤后应激障碍）或主要抑郁症，其中30.0万归侨军事人员-近五分之一的所有这些服务，谁在伊拉克和阿富汗。

Based on interviews of 1,965 service members from 24 areas throughout the US, the study found that of those reporting PTSD or depressive symptoms, only 53 percent have sought treatment for their trauma.基于对1965年的服务，成员来自24个地区在整个美国，研究发现，那些报告创伤后应激障碍或抑郁症状，只有53 ％ ，已寻求治疗他们的创伤。

The RAND survey also found that 19 percent of returned veterans—320,000 individuals—had experienced possible traumatic brain injury (TBI), called the “signature wound” of the Iraq occupation because of the frequency of improvised explosive devices, the primary cause of active-duty troop brain injuries.兰德调查还发现， 19 ％的归侨，退伍军人- 320000个人-经历过可能创伤性脑损伤（ TBI的） ，所谓的“签名的伤口”对伊拉克的占领，因为频率的简易爆炸装置，首要原因主动责任部队脑损伤。 According to the report, “Of those reporting a probable TBI, 57 percent had not been evaluated by a physician for brain injury.”根据该报告， “这些报告可能TBI的， 57 ％没有得到评估，由医生为颅脑损伤” 。

Despite the fact that the VA has handled some 300,000 cases from Iraq and Afghanistan, the RAND findings suggest that the majority of mentally traumatized veterans go without care.尽管事实是VA部处理一些三十点○万案件从伊拉克和阿富汗，兰德公司调查结果显示，大部分弱智创伤的退伍军人没有去照顾。 Furthermore, the report notes, “Even when individuals receive care, too few receive quality care.此外，该报告指出， “即使当个人得到照顾，太少，获得优质的服务。 Of those who have a mental disorder and also sought medical care for that problem, just over half received a minimally adequate treatment.这些谁有精神错乱，也寻求医疗照顾这个问题，刚好超过半数收到了最低限度适当的治疗。 The number who received quality care (ie, a treatment that has been demonstrated to be effective) would be expected to be even smaller.”有多少谁收到的优质医护服务（即，待遇已被证明是有效的）会预计将在更小的“ 。

See More: 看到更多的： USA News 美国新闻

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