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Wednesday, June 11th, 2008周三, 2008年6月11日
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Are We Pro-Slavery?是我们的亲奴隶制?

Wednesday, June 11th, 2008 周三, 2008年6月11日

proslavery.jpg By 通过 Walter Williams 沃尔特威廉姆斯 | Let’s do a thought experiment asking whether Americans are for or against slavery. |让我们做思想实验是否美国人赞成或反对奴役。 You might say, “What are you talking about, Williams? 你也许会说, “你谈论,威廉姆斯? We fought a war that cost over 600,000 lives to end slavery!” To get started, we might find a description that captures the essence of slavery. 我们打了战争的费用超过60.0万的生命结束奴隶制! “即可开始,我们可能找到一个描述撷取精髓的奴役。 A good working description is: slavery is a set of circumstances whereby one person is forcibly used to serve the purposes of another person and has no legal claim to the fruits of his labor. 一个良好的工作描述是:奴隶制是一套的情况下,让一个人是强行使用服务的目的,另一人,并没有任何法律要求的成果,他的劳动。

The average American worker toils from January 1st to the end of April, and has no legal claim to the fruits of his labor for that period. 美国人的平均工人劳役从1月1日至4月底,已没有任何法律要求的成果,他的劳动,这一时期。 Federal, state and local governments, through the tax code, take what he produces. 联邦,州和地方政府,通过税法,采取什么他产生的。 A small portion of the fruits of his labor is used to provide for the constitutional functions of government. 一小部分的成果,他的劳动是用来提供为宪法政府的职能。 Most of what’s taken, up to two-thirds, is given to some other American in the forms of farm and business subsidies, Social Security, Medicare, welfare and hundreds of other government handout programs. 最什么的采取,增长到三分之二,是考虑到其他一些美国,在形式的农场和企业补贴,社会保障,医疗,福利及其他数百个政府的施舍程序。 As in slavery, one person is being forcibly used to serve the purposes of another person. 作为在奴隶制,一人是被强迫使用服务的目的,另一人。

You might ask, “Williams, aren’t you a bit off base? 你可能会问, “威廉斯,是不是你有点小康的基础呢? Slavery means that you are owned by another person.” Who owns a person is not nearly important as who has the rights to use that person. 奴役意味着你所拥有的另一人。 “谁拥有一个人是不是近重要,因为谁拥有使用权人。 In other words, a plantation owner having the power to force a black to work for him would have been just as well off, and possibly better off, not owning him. 在其他换言之,一个种植园的业主拥有的权力,迫使一个黑色的工作,他会一直正如小康,并在可能的更好,而不是拥有他。 Not owning him means not having to bear medical expenses and loss of wealth if the slave died. 没有拥有他的手段不用承担医疗费用和损失的财富,如果奴隶死亡。 During World War II, Nazis didn’t own Jews, but they had the power to force them to labor for them. 二战期间,纳粹党没有自己的犹太人,但他们的权力,迫使他们的劳动为他们。 Not owning Jews meant that working and starving them to death had little cost to the Nazis. 不拥有犹太人的意思是工作和挨饿,他们的死亡几乎没有成本,以纳粹。 The fact that American slaves were owned, with prices sometimes ranging from $800 to $1,300, meant that owners had a financial stake in the slave’s well-being and they were not worked and starved to death. 事实上,美国的奴隶,国有,有时不等的价格从800美元到$ 1300 ,这意味着业主有一个金融的股权,在奴隶的福祉和他们没有工作和饿死。

You might argue that my analogy is irrelevant because unlike American slaves and Nazi concentration camp inmates, we can come and go as we please, live where we want, buy a car, clothes and other things with the money left over after the government gets four months’ worth of our earnings. 您可能认为我的比喻是不相干的,因为不像美国的奴隶和纳粹集中营的囚犯,我们可以来来去去,因为我们请,住的地方我们希望,购买汽车,衣服和其他东西的钱遗留下来后,政府获得4个月,值得我们的收入。 But, does that make much of a difference? 但是,这是否作出明显的不同呢?

During slavery, visitors to the South often observed “a great many loose negroes about.” Officials in Savannah, Mobile and Charleston and other cities complained about “nominal slaves,” “virtually free negroes,” and “quasi free negroes” who were seemingly oblivious to any law or regulation. 在奴隶制,游客到南,往往观察“了大量松散的黑人。 ”官员在萨凡纳,移动和查尔斯和其他城市的抱怨“的名义奴隶” , “几乎是免费黑人” , “准自由黑人”谁被看似无视任何法律或法规。 Frederick Douglass, a slave, explained this phenomenon when he was employed as a Baltimore ship’s caulker: “I was to be allowed all my time; to make bargains for work; to find my own employment, and to collect my own wages; and in return for this liberty, I was … to pay him (Douglass’ master) three dollars at the end of each week, and to board and clothe myself, and buy my own caulking tools.” 冯检道格拉斯,一个奴隶,解释这一现象时,他被聘用为巴尔的摩船舶的caulker : “我是为了让我所有的时间;作出讨价还价的工作;找到自己的就业,并收集我自己的工资;并在返回这个自由,我是… …以他的薪水(道格拉斯, '师父) 3美元,上月底,每星期和董事会和衣物自己,购买自己的嵌缝工具“ 。

There are some benefits to being a quasi free person such as Frederick Douglass. 也有一些好处,以作为一个准自由人,如冯检道格拉斯。 There are two ways US Congress might force me to serve the purposes of another American. 有两种方法美国国会可能会迫使我服务的目的,另一位美国。 They might force me spend a couple of hours each day actually working, without compensation, for another American. 他们可能会迫使我花了几个小时,其实每一天的工作,而无需给予补偿,另一位美国。 Or, they might forcibly take a portion of my earnings so that American can hire someone. 或者,他们可能被迫采取的一部分,我的收入,使美国可以雇用一个人。 I see myself as being better off with Congress doing the latter — taking a portion of my earnings and giving it away. 我看到自己作为更好的小康与国会做后者-以部分我的收入和使它消失。

Some might be put off by my thought experiment and consider it an illegitimate use of the term “slavery.” At what point should we consider ourselves a quasi free American — when government takes two-thirds or three-quarters of our earnings? 有些人可能会被推迟,我的思想实验,并认为它非法使用而言, “奴役” 。在什么时候,我们应认为自己是一个准自由的美国-当政府需要有三分之二或四分之三,我们的收入呢?
Born in Philadelphia in 1936, Walter E. Williams holds a bachelor’s degree in economics from California State University (1965) and a master’s degree (1967) and doctorate (1972) in economics from the University of California at Los Angeles. 出生于费城76人于1936年,沃尔特e.威廉姆斯拥有学士学位,在经济学上从加州州立大学( 1965年)和硕士学位( 1967 )和博士学位( 1972年)在经济学上,由加州大学洛杉矶。

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This entry was posted on Wednesday, June 11th, 2008 at 11:58 am and is filed under 此项目被张贴在周三, 2008年6月11日在上午11时58分,并提交下 General 一般 , Human Rights 人权 . You can follow any responses to this entry through the 您可以按照任何的反应,此项目通过 RSS 2.0 2.0 feed. 喂养。 You can 您可以 leave a response 留下的回应 , or ,或 trackback Trackback跟踪 from your own site. 从你自己的网站。
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