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Tuesday, June 24th, 2008 周二， 2008年6月24日

By Muhammad Idrees Ahmad | “The public has to be more alert”, warned one “international terrorism expert” in the Daily Mail late last year, because Scotland “is set to become another Israel within five years”.由Muhammad idrees艾哈迈德| “市民要更加警觉” ，警告一“国际恐怖主义专家”在每日邮报在去年年底，因为苏格兰“是设定为成为另一个以色列在五年内” 。 “[A]nti-terror measures will soon become a common feature of life”, he assured the audience, and called for “routine arming of police officers” and increasing children’s “awareness of the dangers of terrorism” and for them to be “encouraged” to report anything “out of the ordinary”. “ [一]反恐怖主义的措施，不久将成为一个共同特征，生活” ，他向与会者保证，并呼吁“例行武装的警务人员” ，并增加儿童的“危险的认识恐怖主义”和为他们“鼓励”报告什么“的普通” 。

The oracle of doom was one Amnon Maor, identified as the head instructor of counter-terrorism for the IDF and Israeli border police. ¹ Maor is working with security firm 360 Defence, based near Glasgow, which is “training Scottish police, military and civilians in security techniques”. 甲骨文的毁灭是一amnon帽儿，确定为团长的指导员反恐怖主义为以色列国防军和以色列边境警察¹帽儿是工作与保安公司360辩护，基于附近的格拉斯哥，这是“训练苏格兰警察，军人和平民在安全技术“ 。 This wouldn’t be the first time the British police benefits form Israeli anti-terror expertise. 这将不是第一次的时间，英国警方的好处的形式，以色列反恐的专业知识。 The police squad that carried out the extrajudicial execution of the young Brazilian electrician Jean-Charles de Menezes in the London underground had received similar training. 警方队进行法外处决的青年巴西电工让查尔斯梅内塞斯在伦敦地下铁路已收到类似的培训。

In the post-September 11 world, writes Naomi Klein, Israel has pitched its “uprooting, occupation and containment of the Palestinian people as a half-century head start in the ‘global war on terror’.” ² Britain has since been furnished with its own unpopular occupation of Arab land – and the lessons from Israel are not lost on its architects. 在911事件后的世界，写娜欧蜜克莱，以色列已定，其“连根拔起，占领和控制巴勒斯坦人民的作为一个半世纪头开始，在'全球反恐战争' ” 。 ^二 ，英国一直以来，家具自己不受欢迎的占领阿拉伯土地-和教训，从以色列不会丢失，就其建筑师。 In disaster lies opportunity – and the only thing more useful than a thing to fear is fear itself. 在灾害谎言的机会-而且是唯一的事更多有用的比事恐惧是恐惧本身。 The give away line in Maor’s prescription above is his offer to increase children’s awareness of the dangers of terrorism – absent the real thing, fear will suffice. 该放弃线在帽儿的处方以上是他提供，以增加儿童的认识恐怖主义的危险-缺乏真正的东西，恐怕会是不够的。 The Prime Minister may not have many achievements to his name, but he can claim patents to ‘Fortress Britain’, whose battlements sit on a foundation of fear. 英国首相可能不会有很多的成就，以他的名字，但他可以申请专利'堡垒英国' ，其部署士兵坐在了基础的恐惧。

The Power of Nightmares 权力恶梦

In October 2001 it was revealed that the Pentagon was consulting Hollywood writers and producers specialising in spy thrillers and disaster flicks to imagine future attacks in order to best prepare for them. 2001年10月，据透露，五角大楼正在咨询好莱坞的作家和生产者专门从事间谍惊悚片和灾难片想象未来的攻击，以最好的准备。 Developments such as the colour-coded threat alerts that change hue at the Department of Homeland Security’s caprice have alarmed even cold war hawks like Zbigniew Brzezinski. 的发展，如颜色编码的威胁警报，改变色彩，在国土安全部的随想曲已经感到震惊，甚至冷战鹰派一样，兹比格涅夫布热津斯基。 Lamenting the ‘culture of fear’ he writes: 慨叹'恐惧的文化' ，他写道：

“Fear obscures reason, intensifies emotions and makes it easier for demagogic politicians to mobilize the public on behalf of the policies they want to pursue… Such fear-mongering, reinforced by security entrepreneurs, the mass media and the entertainment industry, generates its own momentum.” ³ “恐惧掩盖了的原因，激化情绪，使得它更容易蛊惑人心的政客，动员市民对代表的政策，他们要追求…这种恐惧- mongering ，加强安全企业家，传媒和娱乐行业，产生自己的势头“ ³

In Britain each of the New Labour government’s political missteps has been accompanied by similar fear-mongering. 在英国，每年新工党政府的政治失误，一直伴随着类似的恐惧mongering 。 While a terrorist threat does exist, its magnitude is wildly exaggerated. 而恐怖主义的威胁确实存在，其规模是疯狂夸大之嫌。 The European Police Office (Europol) released its first report on terrorism last year which listed 498 terrorist attacks for Europe in 2006; only one was attributed to Muslims. 欧洲警察局（ Europol ）发表第一号报告书关于恐怖主义去年上市498恐怖袭击事件，欧洲在2006年只有一个主要原因是穆斯林。 The majority – 136 – were carried out by the Basque separatist group ETA; only one of them deadly. 大多数-1 36-所进行的巴斯克分离主义组织埃塔，只有其中一人是致命的。 When it came to the arrests on terrorism related charges, however, a good half were Muslims. ⁴ 当它来到逮捕关于恐怖主义的相关费用，但是，一个良好的一半是穆斯林。 ⁴

It began with the ‘Ricin plot’: the highly publicised arrests, national hysteria and front page headlines. 它开始与 ' 蓖麻毒素阴谋 ' ：高度的宣传，逮捕，国家癔症和头版的头条新闻。 There was no Ricin, or a plot. 不存在蓖麻毒素，或阴谋。 It wouldn’t be until 2005, well after Colin Powell had used it in his case to sell the Iraq war to the UN, that the ban on reporting on the case was finally lifted and the public apprised of the truth. ⁵ The February 2003 ‘terror alert’ had Blair scrambling tanks to Heathrow, timed conveniently to coincide with the large scale demonstrations against the coming war. 它不会在2005年之前，以及之后，鲍威尔曾用它在他的情况下出售伊拉克战争给联合国，这一禁令对报告关于此案终于解除和公众了解到真相。 ⁵ 2003年2月'恐怖警报'布莱尔竞相坦克希思罗，定时方便，以配合大规模示威反对未来的战争。 Notable support in the media came from BBC propagandist Fred Gardner, long suspected of ties to the intelligence services ⁶ which were themselves busy fanning the fire. 显着的支持，在媒体上，来自英国广播公司的宣传，李华明加德纳，只要怀疑有联系的情报服务，其中⁶人自己繁忙的煽动，小心防火。 Simon Jenkins, the conservative columnist noted, “In 2002-03, before the Iraq war, the security service supplied the Cabinet Office with a weekly catalogue of ‘terror fears’ – anthrax, smallpox, sarin, dirty nuclear devices and a Christmas bombing campaign – to soften public opinion for the war.” ⁷ 西蒙詹金斯，保守的专栏作家指出， “在2002-03年度，在伊拉克战争之前，保安服务提供的内阁办公室与每周目录'恐怖的恐惧' -炭疽热，天花，沙林毒气，肮脏的核装置和一个圣诞轰炸战役-软化民意为战争“ 。 7

In June 2006, 250 heavily armed police men acting on ‘specific intelligence’ raided a home in Forest Gate arresting two young Muslims, shooting one in the process. 在2006年6月， 250名全副武装的警察的男子对'具体的情报' ，突击搜查一个家在森林门口抓获两名年轻的穆斯林，射击一在这个过程中。 The chemical weapons that they were alleged to have possessed were never found. 化学武器，他们被指称拥有从未发现。 Both were acquitted without charge. 都被无罪释放，不收费。 The police apologised. 警方表示歉意。 On August 10th, 2006, a day after then Home Secretary John Reid had hinted that new anti-terror measures were in order, the Deputy Commissioner of Metropolitan Police, Paul Stephenson, announced that the police had foiled a plot to commit “mass murder on an unimaginable scale”. 对2006年8月10日， 1天之后，当时的英国内政大臣约翰里德曾暗示说，新的反恐措施，在一声令下，副处长大都会警察局，保罗斯蒂芬森宣布，警方已破获一宗阴谋承诺“大规模谋杀对一个难以想象的规模“ 。 Officials were soon conceding that the immediacy and scale of the threat may have been “exaggerated”; however, the scare succeeded in deflecting attention from Blair’s widely-denounced manoeuvres preventing a ceasefire in Lebanon. 官员们尽快承认的紧迫性和规模的威胁，可能已被“夸大” ;不过，吓跑成功地转移注意力从布莱尔的广泛谴责演习防止停火，在黎巴嫩。 From Beirut, an outraged Robert Fisk wrote: 从贝鲁特，愤怒的罗伯特菲斯克写道：

“Stephenson’s job is to frighten the British people, not to stop the crimes that are the real reason for the British to be frightened …I’m all for arresting criminals…But I don’t think Paul Stephenson is. “斯蒂芬森的工作是吓唬英国人民，而不是阻止犯罪，是真正的原因，英国害怕…我所有的逮捕罪犯… …但我不认为保罗斯蒂芬森是。 I think he huffs and he puffs but I do not think he stands for law and order. 我觉得他huffs和他puffs ，但我不认为他主张法律和秩序。 He works for the Ministry of Fear which, by its very nature, is not interested in motives or injustice.” ⁸ 他的作品部的恐惧，就其性质而言，是没有兴趣，动机或不公正的“ 。 ⁸

In November 2006, the MI5 director general Eliza Manningham-Buller warned of a violent threat from 1,600 suspects in 200 groups that could last “more than a generation”. 在2006年11月，军情五处总干事艾丽莎manningham -布勒警告说，有一个暴力的威胁，从1600年嫌疑人在200集团可能会持续“超过一代人” 。 Although she identified government policy towards Iraq as the main factor contributing to the rising radicalism, Blair endorsed the statement. 虽然她确定了政府的政策，作为对伊拉克的主要因素，有助于上升激进，布莱尔赞同声明的内容。 He continued his scapegoating of Muslims with the periodic reiterations of the ‘Islamic threat’ to rationalize the fear, repression, lies and resentment brought in on the heels of the Iraq war. 他续称，他scapegoating穆斯林与定期reiterations的'伊斯兰威胁 ' 合理化的恐惧，镇压，谎言和不满所带来的在对继伊拉克战争。 When Blair announced that “the rule of the game have changed”, no one took it more seriously than the tabloid press; they demonstrated just how toxic things could get when gloves come off with government sanction. 当布莱尔宣布， “ 游戏规则已经改变” ，没有人把它更严重的，比小报记者，他们证明了如何有毒的东西，可以当手套脱落与政府的制裁。 Jonathan Freedland of the Guardian confessed: 乔纳森弗雷德兰的监护人交代：

“I try to imagine how I would feel if this rainstorm of headlines substituted the word ‘Jew’ for ‘Muslim’ – I wouldn’t just feel frightened. “我尝试想想我觉得如果这个暴雨标题取代字犹太人'为'穆斯林' -我不会只是觉得害怕。 I would be looking for my passport.” 我会找我的护照“ 。

One can’t miss the Islamophobic nature of much of the hysteria when one compares the difference in the treatment of the cases of Robert Cottage and David Bolus Jackson of the BNP with that of Mohammed Atif Siddique. 一个不能错过伊斯兰性质大部分的癔症时，一比较的差异，在处理该案件罗伯特平房和大卫丸杰克逊的法国与穆罕默德atif siddique 。 The case of the former two, arrested for the possession of rocket launchers, a “record haul of chemicals used in making home-made bombs”, extremist literature, and bomb-making information, barely got covered in national media; the latter, a 20 year old, received front page attention and eight years in prison for merely downloading extremist literature, and his attorney, Aamer Anwer, got charged with ‘contempt of court’ for calling the trial a “tragedy for justice”. 该案件前二，涉嫌藏有火箭发射器，一个“的纪录，检获的毒品用的化学品，使自制炸弹” ，极端主义文学，和制造炸弹的信息，几乎涵盖了在全国媒体;后者， 20岁的，收到了头版的重视和八年在监狱中，只是下载的极端主义文学 ， 和他的律师， aamer anwer ，得到被控以'蔑视法庭的'呼吁的审判“悲剧正义” 。

The new MI5 chief, Jonathan Evan, raised the fear factor a year on with the warning that 15-year-olds were being “groomed” for terror and that there were up to 2,000 people involved in “terrorist-related activity”. 新的MI5行政，乔纳森埃文，提出了恐惧的因素， 1年就与警告说， 15岁被“培养”为恐怖和有多达2000人参与了“与恐怖主义有关的活动” 。 Recalling Donald Rumsfeld’s “unknown unknown’s”, the man appointed by John Reid with Tony Blair’s approval, bizarrely added “there are as many again that we don’t yet know of”. 回顾拉姆斯菲尔德的“未知未知的” ，该名男子所委任的约翰里德与托尼布莱尔的批准， bizarrely补充说： “有很多再次证明我们还不知道” 。 Described variously as “lurid”, “inflammatory”, “highly ideological”, “playing Halloween”, it came on the eve of the Queen’s address calling for yet another terror bill. 所描述的各种“ lurid ” ， “炎症” ， “ 高度的思想” ， “玩万圣节” ，就来到的前夕，英国女王的施政报告要求的又一恐怖条例草案。 The institutional imperative of self-preservation may also have been at play: MI5 has already expanded by 50 % with eight new regional offices, and will have doubled in size by 2011. 体制势在必行自我保存也可能已在发挥：军情五处已扩大了50 ％ ，与8个新的区域办事处，并会增加了一倍，在规模，到2011年。 Eyebrows have been raised at these very public interventions by the heads of a clandestine service. 眉毛已经提出在这些非常公开的干预元首秘密的服务。 Simon Jenkins noted that chiefs of the secret service have long feared that the absence of a public profile may diminish funding appropriation. 西蒙詹金斯指出，主管的秘密的服务有长期，恐怕没有一个公众形象可能会减少资金拨款。 “The answer of both MI5’s Evans and MI6’s John Scarlett is to join the fear factory.” ⁹ “的答案都军情五处的商务部长埃文斯和军情6处的约翰斯嘉丽是加入的恐惧工厂” 。 ⁹

Taking Liberties 以自由

The assault on constitutional rights that started in the US with Clinton’s ‘Anti-terrorism and Effective Death Penalty’ law of 1996 was replicated in Britain with the ‘Terrorism Act 2000’.进攻上的宪法权利，开始在美国，与克林顿的反恐怖主义和有效死刑法的1996年是复制在英国与' 2000年恐怖主义法令' 。 Section 41 of the Act granted police the right to detain terror suspects for up to one week without charge (criminal law on the other hand requires that suspects be charged within the first 24 hours of arrest, or be released).第41条，该法授予警方有权拘留恐怖嫌犯长达一周不收费（刑法在另一方面，要求嫌疑人被落案控内部的头24小时被逮捕，或者被释放） 。 Section 44 granted police stop and search rights all across Britain – it has since been used against: Kevin Gillan and Pennie Quinto for protesting outside Europe’s biggest arms fair in London; the 82-year-old Walter Wolfgang for heckling Jack Straw at the Labour Conference; Sally Cameron for walking on a cycle-path in Dundee; the 80-year-old John Catt for being caught on CCTV passing a demonstration in Brighton; the 11-year-old Isabelle Ellis-Cockcroft for accompanying her parents to an anti-nuclear protest; and a cricketer on his way to a match over his possession of a bat.第44条授予警方截停和搜查的权利，全英国-它自被用来对付：凯文g illan和p ennieq uinto为抗议欧洲以外最大的武器公平在伦敦;今年8 2岁的沃尔特沃尔夫冈为诘问大臣施仲宏在劳工大会;莎莉金马伦步行上一周期的路径在邓迪; 80岁的约翰事务CATT为被卷入中央电视台通过示范在布赖顿; 11岁的伊莎贝尔埃利斯- cockcroft为陪同父母一反核抗议;和板球，他的方式比赛，他藏有一只蝙蝠。

In the United States, September 11 occasioned the most robust assault yet on civil liberties in the form of Bush’s ‘USA Patriot Act’ leading eminent constitutional law professor Sanford Levinson to describe Carl Schmitt, the leading authority on Nazi legal philosophy, as “the true éminence grise of the Bush administration” to the extent that the Administration (advised by Dick Cheney’s lawyer, David Addington) espoused a view of presidential authority “that is all too close to the power that Schmitt was willing to accord his own Führer”. ¹⁰ The respected lawyer Gareth Pierce noted equally worrying tendencies in the UK: 在美国， 9月11日occasioned最强劲的攻击，但对公民自由的形式，在布什的'美国爱国者法'的杰出领导的宪制性法律教授桑福德莱文森来形容卡尔施密特，领导权威对纳粹的法律哲学，作为“真正éminence grise的布什政府“的程度时表示，政府当局（宜由切尼的律师大卫阿丁顿）提出的意见，总统的权力： ”这是所有太接近的权力，施密特愿意协议，他自己的führer “ 。 ¹⁰尊敬的律师加雷思皮尔斯指出，同样令人担忧的倾向，在英国：

“Blair bulldozed through Parliament a new brand of internment. “布莱尔用推土机推平国会通过一个新的品牌的拘留。 This allowed for the indefinite detention without trial of foreign nationals, the ‘evidence’ to be heard in secret with the detainee’s lawyer not permitted to see the evidence against him and an auxiliary lawyer appointed by the attorney general who, having seen it, was not allowed to see the detainee. 这允许无限期拘留未经审判的外国国民， '证据' ，以听到在秘密与被拘留者的律师不得见的证据，对他和一个辅助指派律师担任总检察长谁，看到它，不得见被拘留。 The most useful device of the executive is its ability to claim that secrecy is necessary for national security.” ¹¹ 最有用的装置执行的能力，是其声称的保密是必要的国家安全“ 。 ¹¹

The ‘Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001’ succeeded in ramming through measures that had been rejected in the 2000 Act. '反恐怖主义，犯罪和安全法2001年成功地在撞击通过的措施，已被拒绝在2000年的行为。 The ‘Criminal Justice Act 2003’ doubled the period of detention without charge to 14 days. '刑事司法法令2003年增加一倍，拘留期间不收费至14天。 Although the government suffered a significant setback when the Law Lords swept aside the indefinite detention ruling since it broke European human rights legislation (described by the Law Lords as “draconian” and “anathema” to the rule of law, it was seen by Lord Hoffmann as a bigger threat to the nation than terrorism). 政府虽然遭受了重大挫折，当法律上议院席卷搁置无限期拘留的裁决，因为它打破了欧洲人权法例（所描述的法律上议院作为“恶法”和 “ 诅咒” ，以法治，它被认为是由贺辅明勋爵作为一个更大的威胁，以国家恐怖主义比） 。 Charles Clarke, the Home Secretary, immediately made clear his intention to undermine it. 查尔斯克拉克，民政司，立即作出了明确的，他打算破坏它。 The government obliged by subsequently passing the ‘Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005’ which gave the Home Secretary the right to use Control Orders and opt out of human rights laws. ¹² 政府有责任，随后通过了'防止恐怖主义法2005年'了内政大臣的使用权，控制命令和选择退出人权法。 ¹²

In the wake of the terrorist attacks in London on July 7, the government upped the ante with the ‘Terrorism Act 2006’, which doubled – yet again – the detention period to 28 days, a period far longer than any other state in the western world. 在恐怖袭击后，在伦敦7月7日，政府通过设定前厅与'反恐怖主义法2006年' ， 而增加一倍-又一次-拘留期2 8天，一个时期远超过任何其他国家在西部世界。 The bill marked the first parliamentary defeat for Tony Blair, whose original proposal was for 90 days detention without charge. 条例草案，标志着首次议会的失败托尼布莱尔，其原来的建议是90天拘留而不负责。

Blair’s determination to deflect attention from the failures of his scandal-ridden government by turning the war on terror into a permanent undeclared state of emergency appeared finally to have hit a wall. 布莱尔的决心转移注意力从失败的，他丑闻缠身的政府把反恐战争变成永久未经宣布的紧急状况出现，最后有击中墙壁。 However, despite a noticeably prudent start, Brown’s multiplying political problems soon had him reaching for Blairite nostrums. 然而，尽管明显审慎的开始，布朗的乘以政治问题尽快达成了他为blairite nostrums 。 He renewed the case for doubling the period of detention without charge (subsequently reduced to 42 days). 他续约的情况增加一倍，拘留期间不收费（后来减少到42天） 。 This despite the fact that the newly appointed Home Secretary Jacqui Smith had conceded that circumstances had not yet arisen where it had been necessary “to go beyond 28 days”. 这尽管事实上，新任内政大臣jacqui史密斯已同意的情况尚未出现，它已必要的“要超越28天” 。 Seumas Milne reported in The Guardian that: seumas米尔恩报道，在监护人 ：

“it’s widely acknowledged in Westminster that a key motivation for this latest assault on long-established rights and freedoms is Brown’s determination to wrong-foot the Tories tactically and portray them as soft on terror”. “它的广泛承认，在西敏寺的一个关键的动机，这个最新的攻击对成立已久的权利和自由是布朗的决心错英尺的保守党，战术和塑造他们作为软就恐怖” 。

The deleterious effects of a creeping surveillance state cannot be discounted. 的有害影响逐渐监视状态，不能打折扣。 While the public may have little enthusiasm for an ID card scheme after discs containing personal details of 25 million individuals were lost by the government, Brown remains adamant. 而市民可能不大的热情一身份证计划后，光碟载有个人资料的2500万人失去了由政府，布朗仍然坚决。 Given the government’s record for handling personal data, proposals for a universal register of citizen’s DNA samples is very worrying. 鉴于政府的记录，处理个人资料的建议，一个普遍的登记册公民的DNA样本，是非常令人担忧。 So are Tony Blair’s remarks about identifying problem children who may grow up to pose a menace to society by intervening before they were born. ¹³ A new plan under the government’s e-borders scheme would require each person entering or leaving UK to answer 53 questions including “credit card details, holiday contact numbers, travel plans, email addresses, car numbers and even any previous missed flights”. 因此，是托尼布莱尔的言论，查明问题的儿童谁可能成长构成的威胁，对社会的干预之前，他们出生¹³一项新计划，根据政府的电子边界计划将需要每个人进入或离开英国回答53个问题，包括“信用卡详细资料，假日联络电话号码，旅行计划，电子邮件地址，车牌号码，甚至以往任何时候错过了航班” 。 Taken when a ticket is bought, the information, it was reported, “will be shared among police, customs, immigration and the security services for at least 24 hours before a journey is due to take place.” 采取当是买了门票，资料，据报道， “将共享警察，海关，移民和安全的服务至少24小时之前的旅程，是因为考虑到” 。

When popular shows bear names like ‘Big Brother’, the appurtenances of mass surveillance society, such as the 4.2 million CCTV cameras, become an acceptable, even desired, part of the scenery. 当流行的显示，承担的名字一样， '大哥哥' ， appurtenances大规模监视社会，例如为420.0万部闭路电视摄影机，成为一个可以接受的，甚至理想，部分风景。 Privacy International rates Britain as an “endemic surveillance society” and, according to Timothy Garton Ash, the British state collects more data on its citizens than did the Stasi in East Germany. 隐私国际利率英国作为一个“特有的监视社会 ” ，而根据蒂莫西加顿灰，英国国家收集更多的数据就其公民比没有斯塔兹在东德。 The more than 3,000 new criminal offences introduced under the Labour government have also turned privatized prisons into a growth industry. 更超过3000个新的刑事罪行介绍下，工党政府也拒绝私有化的监狱成为一个增长的行业。 Today Britain has a higher incarceration rate than China, Burma or Saudi Arabia. 今天英国有较高的监禁率比中国，缅甸或沙特阿拉伯。

While the terrorist threat today has nowhere near the intensity of the IRA campaign, police are using military aircraft such as the Britten-Norman Islander used previously only in Northern Ireland during the Troubles. 而恐怖主义的威胁，今天已无处附近的强度爱尔兰共和军活动，警方现正使用的军用飞机，如布里顿-诺曼岛民以前使用的，只有在北爱尔兰期间的麻烦。 Reaper robot drones of the type being used in Afghanistan will also be in operation during the Olympics. 收割机机器人无人驾驶飞机的类型，被用来在阿富汗也将在运作，在奥运会期间。

Reign of the Terrorologist 在位的terrorologist

Riding the back of the raft of anti-terror legislations are the terrorologists and the ‘security’ entrepreneurs; and they have found green pastures in Fortress Britain.坐后面的竹排上的反恐法例，是terrorologists和'安全'的企业家和他们发现，绿色的牧场，在英国的堡垒。 With governments unwilling to address political causes, the trend is increasingly one of framing the subject in cultural terms: ‘they hate our way of life’, ‘they hate our freedoms’ etc. This clears the way for the terrorologist to step in and sell a toxic brew of cultural stereotypes and pop psychology packaged in pseudo-academic jargon.与各国政府不愿解决政治原因，趋势是越来越多的一个帧的主题在文化方面： '他们仇恨我们的生活方式' ， ' ，他们仇恨我们的自由'等，这扫清了道路，为terrorologist加强在卖一种有毒的BREW文化的偏见和流行的心理，在包装的伪学术的术语。 In his study of the trade, James Petras detects the following “eerily predictable patterns”:在他的研究贸易，詹姆斯佩特拉斯侦测以下“ ，两者惊人的相似预测模式” ：

“They use a common language to describe their subjects and their environment; they are extremely ideological under a thin veneer of scientific jargon; they possess a keen sense of selective observation; they always pretend to possess a psychological understanding though few if any have dealt close up with their subjects in any clinical sense except perhaps under conditions of incarceration and interrogation. “他们使用一种共同语言来形容他们的科目和他们的环境，他们都非常的思想下，薄单板的科学术语 ; 他们具备敏锐的观察选择性;他们总是假装拥有的心理理解，虽然几乎没有任何处理关闭与他们的科目，在任何临床意义，除了可能的条件下，监禁和审问。
Their style…slippery with euphemisms when it comes to dealing with the violence of their partisan states… Psychobabble provides a ‘legitimate’ sounding channel for… assuming a state of civilized superiority in the face of their dehumanized subjects. 他们的风格…湿滑与委婉的说法，当谈到处理与暴力他们的党派的国家… … psychobabble提供了一个'合法'冠冕堂皇的渠道…假设一个国家的文明优势，在面对他们的dehumanized科目。 Indeed, the dehumanization process is central to the whole terrorist-political-academic enterprise…” ¹⁴ 事实上，非人化的过程是中央到整个恐怖-政治-学术企业… … “ ¹⁴

One consequence of earning an elevated place in official demonology is that the bar for those passing judgement drops radically. 其中一个后果谋生高架的地方，在正式demonology的是，香港大律师公会对于那些通过判断下降彻底。 When it comes to Islam, Muslims and their alleged links to terrorism, any shoddy indictment will pass muster. 当谈到伊斯兰教，穆斯林和他们的指控与恐怖主义有联系，任何伪劣的起诉书将通过鼓起。 Doom-laden sensationalism makes for good copy; it makes no demands on rigour and scepticism, and a stable of ‘experts’ is readily at hand to amplify fear. 末日-拉登耸人听闻，使良好的复制，它不作任何要求，严密性和持怀疑态度，和一个稳定的'专家'是随时在手，以健全的恐惧。 The degree to which this has penetrated public discourse was demonstrated by the Big Issue – a publication generally about as provocative as a phonebook – with a front page story on ‘cyber terror’ and ‘online vigilantes’. 在何种程度上，这已渗透公共话语所表明的大问题 -出版，一般约挑衅，作为一个通讯录-以头版的故事，对'网络恐怖活动'和'网上民' 。 Trotting out a stable of ‘terror experts’ the story served as a platform for several tendentious claims (“There are no longer clear boundaries between real-world cells and ‘amateurs’ assisting terror plots via their computers”; “al-Qaeda is equal in the media war”). trotting了一个稳定的'恐怖专家们的故事，作为一个平台，几个倾向性的债权 （ “不再存在清晰的界限之间的真实世界的细胞和'业余协助恐怖活动的图谋通过他们的电脑” ， “阿尔盖达正平等在媒体上的战争“ ） 。 Rather than question why a dubious source such as Evan Kohlmann – the man used as a ‘expert witness’ in the Atif Siddique trial, who “has no expertise beyond …an internship at a dubious think-tank” ¹⁵ – should be consulted by Scotland Yard, the story served as a puff piece for three Israel lobby hacks. 而非质疑为何可疑的来源，例如埃文kohlmann -该名男子用来作为专家证人，在a tifs iddique审判，谁“的说法并没有专业知识，以后…一个实习在一个可疑的智囊型” 1 ^5-应征询由苏格兰码，这个故事作为一个自卖自夸一块3以色列游说的窍门。 Rita Katz has served in the Israeli military; Aaron Weisburd runs Internet Haganah (Hebrew name for the paramilitary that later became the IDF) a project of the Society for Internet Research that works with the Mossad-linked Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center; and both Katz and Kohlmann are protégés of Steve Emerson whose own expertise includes having seen “the hallmarks of Middle Eastern terror” in the Oklahoma bombing (actually carried out by Timothy McVeigh, a decorated white Christian war-hero). 丽塔卡兹一直在以色列的军事;阿伦weisburd运行互联网haganah （希伯来文名称为准军事后来成为以色列国防军的）一个项目，整个社会的互联网的研究，工程与摩萨德相连的情报和恐怖主义信息中心;都卡茨和kohlmann是protégés的史蒂夫艾默生，其本身的专业知识，包括看过“的标志，中东恐怖” ，在俄克拉何马州爆炸案（其实所进行的蒂莫西麦克维，装饰白色基督教战争英雄） 。

The trade of the terrorologist is not new: incubated in the Reagan administration’s earlier ‘war on terror’, its proponents had been exposed and elegantly debunked by Edward Hermann. 贸易的terrorologist是不是新的：孵育在里根政府早期的'反恐战争' ，它的倡议者已揭露和优雅的debunked爱德华赫尔曼。 September 11 ushered in a new breed – ubiquitous, ideological, and relentless. 9月11日进入了一个新品种-无处不在，思想和无情的。 Some, such as Rohan Gunaratna of the St. Andrews-based Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence (CSTPV), reinvented themselves over night as ‘experts on al-Qaeda’. 一些，如专家古纳拉特纳的圣安德鲁斯为基础的研究中心的恐怖主义和政治暴力（ cstpv ） ，改造自己，一夜之间，作为专家对基地组织' 。 Gunaratna’s book Inside Al Qaeda became an instant best-seller, even though before the date his expertise was limited to South Asian groups, such as the Tamil Tigers. 古纳拉特纳博士的书内的盖达组织 ，成为一个即时的畅销，即使日期之前，他的专业知识是有限的南亚群体，如泰米尔猛虎组织。 In the book he claimed he was the “principal investigator of the United Nations’ Terrorism Prevention Branch”. 在这本书中，他声称他是“的首席调查员联合国预防恐怖主义处” 。 However, after a Sunday Age investigation, he admitted that no such position existed. 然而，经过周日的年龄进行调查，他承认没有这样的立场存在。 Intelligence services have been generally dismissive of his claims. 情报服务已普遍质疑他的说法。

However, despite all this, he keeps making appearances as an ‘expert witness’ at various UK prosecutions and in media reports. 然而，尽管这一切，他不断作出露面，作为专家证人在各种英国检控及在媒体的报道。

CSTPV itself bears some scrutiny. cstpv本身带有一些审议。 Established by an alumni of the RAND Corporation (a US think-tank which played a key role during the Cold War; satirized as the ‘Bland Corporation’ in Dr. Strangelove , it was an enthusiastic supporter of the arms race), the Centre has links to the government and intelligence agencies. 成立了由一名校友的兰德公司（美国智囊型，其中发挥了关键作用，在冷战期间;讽刺为'空洞公司'在博士strangelove ，这是一个热情的支持者，军备竞赛） ，该中心已链接到政府和情报机构。 Shaping discourse on terrorism through its two influential academic journals, Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, and Terrorism and Political Violence , CSTPV emphasises terror directed against states, while mostly ignoring violence by states, excluding however those not allied to the West (‘Hell is other people’, Sartre might say). 塑造话语的关于恐怖主义通过其两个有影响的学术期刊， 研究在冲突和恐怖主义，和恐怖主义和政治暴力 ，恐怖cstpv强调，针对国，而大多忽略了暴力的国家，但是不包括那些没有专职到西（ '地狱是其他人民' ，萨特可能会说） 。 Reports by the Centre have been used by the government to rationalise permanent anti-terror legislation. 报告由该中心已被政府所用的重整常驻反恐法例。 The RAND-CSTPV nexus also has stakes in the Iraq conflict through its links to mercenary firms operating in the country. 兰德- cstpv联系，也有利害关系，在伊拉克冲突中通过其链接到雇佣军公司在该国作业的。 However, despite the conflicts of interest, the Centre’s embedded expertise remains much in demand. ¹⁶ 然而，尽管利益冲突，该中心的中嵌入的专业仍然是很大的需求。 ¹⁶

CSTPV’s output may be ideological; but it still retains a degree of sophistication. cstpv的输出可能的思想，但它仍保留了一定程度的复杂性。 With the low demands on rigour, joining the fray now are some actors less restrained. 与低的要求严格，加入fray现在一些行动者少的约束。 In early 2006 it was revealed that authorities at several universities, including my own, were co-operating with Special Branch as a result of a recently published study by the right wing Social Affairs Unit. 在2006年年初据透露，当局在几所大学，包括我自己，合作，经营与特别分行，由于最近发表的研究由右翼社会事务股。 Conducted by Anthony Glees, the Director of Brunel Centre for Intelligence and Security Studies, the study claimed to find evidence of Islamist, animal liberation and British National Party recruitment on UK campuses. 所进行的安东尼格勒斯，主任布鲁内尔中心的情报和安全研究，该研究声称找到证据，伊斯兰，动物解放和英国国家党的招聘对英国校园。 The evidence comprised of the fact that people who have been arrested under anti-Terrorism legislation attended universities at some point. 证据组成的事实，即谁的人已被拘捕，根据反恐怖主义立法出席大学在一些点。 It castigated Universities for teaching students “theoretical tools for understanding the world”, such as Marxism, which could lead to further radicalization when students moved “from campus to Mosque”. 它抨击大学教学的学生“的理论工具，认识世界” ，如马克思主义，这可能导致进一步激进化，当学生提出的“从校园到清真寺” 。 Policy Exchange, another dubious neoconservative outfit, shouldered its way into the debate with an Islamophobic report on extremist literature being promoted through various Mosques which, to the BBC’s credit, was publicly debunked by a Newsnight investigation. 政策交流，另一个可疑的新保守主义的装备，其肩负的方式进入辩论与伊斯兰极端主义的报告对文学正在推动通过各种清真寺，向英国广播公司的信用，公开debunked由新闻之调查。 This, however, did not deter Policy Exchange members from using the report to lobby the EU. 不过，这并没有阻止政策交易所会员从使用报告，游说欧盟。

Hero and Horse 英雄和马

On November 18, 1822, the Observer reported that nearly “a million bushels of human and inhuman bones” had been imported in the previous year from Europe into the port of Hull.关于1822年11月18日， 观察员报告说，近“万蒲式耳，人权和不人道的骨头”已进口在过去一年里从欧洲到港口的船体。 Battlefields swept alike of the “bones of the hero and the horse which he rode” delivered their haul to Yorkshire bone grinders who reduced them to granulary state.无论是战场上席卷的“骨头的英雄和马，他骑上”发表了他们捡获的约克郡骨磨床谁减少他们granulary状态。 “In this condition they are sold to the farmers to manure their lands.” ¹⁷ Two centuries on, the gap between the ‘support our troops’ rhetoric and reality has yet to be bridged. “在这种情况下，他们出售给农民，以粪肥他们的土地。 ” ¹⁷两个世纪的对，之间的差距'支持我们部队的言词与现实还没有得到弥合。
An internal report into the state of the British Military obtained by The Independent on May 11 reveals that soldiers are living in such poverty that they can’t even afford food, with many living on emergency food voucher schemes set up by the Ministry of Defence (MoD).一份内部报告纳入国家的英军获得由独立的 5月11日透露，士兵生活在这种贫困，他们甚至不能负担得起的食物，与许多生活在紧急粮食券计划，成立了由国防部（按付款当日价格计算） 。 “Commanders are attempting to tackle the problem through ‘Hungry Soldier’ schemes, under which destitute soldiers are given loans to enable them to eat” the paper reported. “指挥员正试图解决这个问题，通过'饥饿的士兵'计划下，贫困的士兵给予贷款，使他们能够吃”的文件报告。 With its proclivity for market solutions, the tradition of soldiers getting three square meals a day for free has been replaced with a controversial Pay as You Dine (PAYD) regime, which charges soldiers not on active duty for their meals, leading many into debt.其proclivity市场的解决方案，传统的士兵获得3平方米的一日三餐，免费已取代与具争议性的薪酬正如你吃饭（ payd ）制度，收费士兵不会对现役他们吃饭，许多领导到债务。
Likewise, slightly more than a year back on March 11, 2007, the Observer had revealed the shocking picture of neglect and poor treatment of wounded soldiers returning from Afghanistan and Iraq.同样，略多于一年就回到2007年3月11日， 观察员揭示了令人震惊的图片忽视和穷人的治疗受伤的士兵返回阿富汗和伊拉克。 It reported, for example, that “the youngest British soldier wounded in Iraq, Jamie Cooper, was forced to spend a night lying in his own faeces after staff at Birmingham’s Selly Oak Hospital allowed his colostomy bag to overflow.据报道，例如， “最年轻的英国士兵受伤，伊拉克，杰米库珀，被迫花了夜间躺卧在他自己的粪便后，工作人员在伯明翰的selly橡树医院允许他的结肠造口袋溢出。 On another occasion his medical air mattress was allowed to deflate, leaving him in ‘considerable pain’ overnight despite an alarm going off.” Another complaint alleged that one soldier “suffered more than 14 hours in agony without pain relief because no relevant staff were on duty”.在另一个场合，他的医疗空气床垫被允许deflate ，导致他在'相当的痛苦'通宵，尽管警报关闭“ 。另一宗投诉指称，一兵一卒”受到了更多的超过14个小时的痛苦，在没有疼痛缓解，因为没有相关的工作人员就责任“ 。 (This, of course, is as much a reflection of the chronic lack of surplus within the health system as it is of the wider militarised draw on public resources.) The MoD has already revealed a serious shortage of medical staff in the armed forces: （当然，这是多反映了长期缺乏盈余，在卫生系统内，因为它是更广泛的militarised提请对公共资源。 ） ，英国国防部已经透露了一个严重短缺的医务人员在武装部队中：

“There was a 50% shortfall in the number of surgeons required by the army, an 80% shortfall of radiologists and a 46% shortfall of anaesthetists.” ¹⁸ “有一个50 ％的短缺数目外科医生所需要的军队， 80 ％的短缺放射科和46 ％的短缺麻醉师。 ” ¹⁸

Soldiers in the field haven’t fared any better: for example, both Reg Keys and Rose Gentle lost sons in Iraq due to the lack of proper equipment. 士兵在该领域没有任何更好的表现：例如，注册键和玫瑰温柔失去的儿子在伊拉克，由于缺乏适当的装备。 Iraq has taken its toll on an overstretched military. 伊拉克已采取其收费对一个过度的军事。 Due to “continuing high level of operational commitment” an MoD report has revealed, “more than 1 in 10 soldiers were not getting the rest between operations they needed.” The report also referred to a “continuing difficult environment for army recruitment and retention”. 由于“持续的高层次业务的承诺”一按付款当日价格计算的报告显示， “多于1 ，在10名士兵被得不到休息之间的行动，他们需要”的报告还提到了一个“困难的环境中继续为军队的招聘及挽留” 。 With a high number of officers and other ranks going over voluntarily with another 2,000 awaiting approval of their applications to quit, the armed forces as a whole are nearly 7,000 under strength, the report revealed. ¹⁹ 具有高的人员的数目和其他职级会超过自愿与另一2000年在等待批准他们的申请退出，军队作为一个整体，近7000下的实力，报告显示， ¹⁹

The crisis has caused the military to redouble its recruitment efforts with visits to Scottish schools up by more than 180% in the last three years, The Herald revealed. 危机已引起军方加倍努力，招聘与访问苏格兰学校由超过180 ％ ，在过去3年，先驱报透露。 The news comes only weeks after the National Union of Teachers voted to block future military careers’ presentations “to pupils as young as 14” in England and Wales. 消息只有星期后，全国联盟的教师投反对票来阻止未来的军事职业的发言“的学生只有14岁”在英格兰和威尔斯。 “Despite the outlay of almost £500m, in 2006-07 the field army – the frontline operational part of UK ground forces – missed its ‘gains to strength’ (GTS) recruitment goal by 12%. “尽管支出几乎£ 500米，在2006-07年度，该野战军-前线行动的一部分，英国地面部队-错过了它的'收益的实力，' （电信）的招聘目标由1 2 ％。 In 2007-08, it achieved only 63% of its target.” ²⁰ (In the US, the military has been reduced to enlisting former convicts and the mentally ill.) The degree of desperation is also evident in the recent advertising campaign for military recruitment: the military experience is presented as a sanitized adventure, an adrenaline-soaked escape from ennui. 在2007-08年度，它实现了只有63 ％的目标。 “ ²⁰ （在美国，军方已减少，争取前罪犯和精神病患者）的程度，绝望也很明显，在最近的广告系列军事招聘：军事活动的经验，是作为一个消毒探险，一肾上腺素浸泡摆脱倦怠。 High-minded calls of duty and honour have been replaced with ones such as “for the travel, for the action, for the adventure”; “for the fun, for the friendship, for the Friday nights”. 高志同道合的要求，责任和荣誉已被替换的，如“为旅行，为的行动，为探险” ; “为乐趣 ， 为友谊，为周五夜” 。

The MoD caused much consternation among the National Union of Teachers when it distributed materials on the Iraq war for use in schools. 国防部造成很大惊愕之间的全国联盟教师时，它的分布式材料对伊拉克战争的供学校使用。 The ministry was accused of “misleading propaganda” which “unethically” targeted recruitment materials at schools in disadvantaged areas. 该部被指控“误导宣传” ， “不道德 ” 有针对性的招聘材料，在学校，在贫困地区。 One worksheet described the purpose of the UK mission in Iraq as “helping the Iraqis to rebuild their country after the conflict and years of neglect”. 一所描述的工作的目的，英国在伊拉克的使命是“帮助伊拉克重建自己的国家冲突后和多年的忽视” 。 Touting “achievements” in “security and reconstruction” it failed to mention the US-led invasion, its legality, Iraqi civilian deaths or the absence of WMDs. 兜售 “ 成就 ” 在“安全和重建”它没有提到美国领导的联军入侵，其合法性，伊拉克平民死亡或没有大规模杀伤性武器。 This is not the MoD’s only advance on the classroom. 这不是国防部的只有预先对课堂上。 Another example is the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL) outreach programme, which sends DSTL scientists to talk to university and school students to encourage them to think about a career at the lab. 另一个例子是国防科学与技术实验室（ dstl ）外展计划，其中发送dstl科学家谈大学和学校的学生，以鼓励他们想一想，职业生涯在劳顾会。 According to Frances Saunders, the chief executive, DSTL sponsors “year-in-industry students, and are working with the MoD to develop school lesson texts to get people interested in the science behind defence.” Although DSTL already has strong links with universities including Southampton, Imperial, Oxford and Cambridge, Saunders plans to broaden this network. 据弗朗西斯桑德斯，行政长官dstl发起人“ ，今年在同业的学生，并正在努力与按付款当日价格计算，以发展学校的教训，文本，以让人们有兴趣在科学背后的辩护。 ”虽然dstl已经有紧密的联系，包括与大学南安普敦，帝国，牛津大学和剑桥大学，桑德斯计划扩大这一网络。

Not since Suez has the military suffered a greater loss of prestige. 不自苏伊士有军事遭受更大的损失的威信。 RAF airmen in Cambridgeshire were recently advised against wearing uniforms in public in order to avoid being “verbally abused” for their participation in Afghanistan and Iraq. 英国皇家空军的飞行员在剑桥郡，最近被建议不要穿着制服在公共，以避免被“辱骂” ，为他们的参与在阿富汗和伊拉克。 With the demoralizing effect of ill-conceived interventions abroad, the struggle for politicians is then of rehabilitating the myth of the military, rather that the military itself. 与士气低落的影响，构思欠佳的干预在国外，斗争是政治家，然后恢复的神话，军事，而不是说，军方本身。 What interests policy makers is not so much the military, but the cult of military. 是什么利益的决策者是没有这么多军队，但邪教组织的军事。 Plans are also underway to introduce US-style citizenship ceremonies for children and a new public holiday to celebrate ‘Britishness’ by 2012, as part of “wide-ranging proposals to strengthen British citizenship.” 计划也在进行引进美国式的公民仪式，为儿童和一个新的公众假期，庆祝'英国化 ' 到2012年，由于部分“范围广泛的建议，以加强英国公民身份” 。

In sharp contrast to the decrepit military stands the fortunes of the private military industry. 形成鲜明对比的向衰老的军事主张的命运私营军事产业。 The preference of recent governments for market solutions has facilitated the transfer of most military R&D to the private sector, with giants like QinetiQ and BAe Systems securing plum deals. 的意愿，最近政府为市场提供了便利的解决方案转移的大部分军事研发到私营部门，与巨人一样，奇奈蒂克公司和BAE Systems确保梅花交易。 When the Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (Dera) was split in two in 2001, QinetiQ, a British company with links to the US-based Carlyle group, absorbed the majority of its activities. 当防务评估和研究局（防务）被一分为二，在2001年，奇奈蒂克公司，一家英国公司与链接到以美国为基地的凯雷集团，吸收了其大部分活动。 Along with a raft of other lucrative PFIs, the private military industry is set to benefit from the largest to date, involving at least £14 billion of taxpayers’ money, for a privatised Military ‘Academy’ at St Athan in the Vale of Glamorgan to train all-service personnel and private ‘security services’. 随着一系列其他有利可图的pfis ，私营军工设置为受惠最大的日期 ， 涉及至少140亿英镑纳税人的金钱，为私有化军事学院'在圣athan ，在Vale的的格拉摩根大学，以列车的所有服务人员和私人安全服务' 。 The corporate bonanza in Iraq has had Private Military Contractors – mercenaries – reaping windfalls profits for investors with stakes in the businesses, such as Frederick Forsyth and former Foreign Secretary Malcolm Rifkind (of Aegis and ArmorGroup respectively). 公司金矿在伊拉克已私人军事承包商 -雇佣军-赚取横财的利润与投资者的利害关系，在企业，如冯检佛塞斯和前外交大臣里夫金德（宙斯盾和a r morgroup分别）。 The lure of salaries, at times reaching as high as £1,000 a day, may be one reason why the military is losing so many of its men to the mercenary business. ²¹ 诱惑的薪金，有时达到高达1000英镑一天，可能的原因之一军队正在失去，所以它的许多官兵的雇佣军业务。 ²¹

While the defence establishment has long complained of funding shortages for the forces, the R&D budget remains secure. 而辩方成立已久抱怨资金短缺，为部队，研发预算仍然安全。 The MoD, it was reported, has promised not to raid the R&D budget to pay for wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. 国防部的资料，据报，已承诺不袭击研发预算以支付伊拉克和阿富汗战争。 However, this injunction doesn’t apply in the reverse, as it has been revealed that the Conflict Prevention Fund set aside for clearing landmines and removing arms from conflict zones was being raided to pay BAe Systems to subsidise the £5m-£10m servicing cost of six Tornado jets in Iraq. 不过，这个禁制令并不适用于在相反的，因为它已显示，该预防冲突基金拨作结算地雷和消除武器从冲突地区被突击搜查支付BAE系统公司，以资助500万英镑-英镑十米服务成本六旋风式战斗机在伊拉克。 The measure was needed because the MoD has closed its own state-of-the-art facility for servicing Tornado jets presented as a way of saving £500m over 10 years. ²² 这项措施是必要的，因为国防部已关闭了它自己的国家- - -设施先进，服务旋风式战斗机，作为一种方式节省£ 500米超过10年。 ²²

Sensing opportunity as the war on terror grinds on, its neoconservative architects have swooped in from across the Atlantic to establish a presence in Britain. 遥感的机会，作为反恐战争的研磨上，其新保守主义的建筑师有突击搜查，在从大西洋彼岸建立一个驻留在英国。 With ties to the arms industry and the neoconservative wing of the Israel lobby, the Henry Jackson Society seems to be assuming the role that the Committee on Present Danger played in the United States. 与联系的军火工业和新保守主义右翼的以色列游说，亨利杰克逊社会似乎是假设的作用，该委员会对当前的危险，发挥在美国。 Its Israel-centric worldview, as exhibited by its roster of speakers, predisposes it towards perpetual conflict. 其以色列为中心的世界观，作为展示其名册上的发言， predisposes这对永恒的冲突。 The support for a militarized ethnocracy is not the natural inclination of a liberal-democratic Britain; it can only be sustained in a context where Israel can be seen aligned with Britain in an overarching conflict against a common enemy. 支持一个军事化ethnocracy是不自然的倾向，一个自由民主的英国，它只能在持续的背景下，以色列可以看出，不结盟与英国在一个总体的冲突对一个共同的敌人。 So it is that the Israel lobby has contrived to pass its enemies off as those of the ‘West’. 所以这是说，以色列游说已contrived通过它的敌人小康的那些'西' 。 HJS appears well placed to sustain this state of conflict should the Tories get in as its supporters include two of David Cameron’s key advisers. hjs似乎有利的位置，以维持这个国家的冲突应该保守党获得在其支持者包括两个大卫金马伦的主要顾问。 It is a dangerous confluence of interests. 这是一个危险的汇合利益。

Fortress Britain in the end is as much a consequence of ill-conceived alliances as it is a response to the neoliberal order’s need for distraction from its inherent contradictions. 堡垒，英国在年底是多一个后果，构思欠佳的联盟，因为它是回应新自由主义秩序的需要，为分散其固有的矛盾。 While not nearly as unscrupulous as his predecessor, Gordon Brown’s growing travails may lead him to seek the politician’s time-honoured remedy: to scare the hell out of the population. 虽然不是近无良作为他的前任，财政大臣布朗日益增长的travails可能导致他寻求政治家的时间，历史悠久的补救措施：吓唬地狱出来的人口。 One only hopes that Fortress Britain is the apogee of what Tony Blair had set in motion with his promise to stand “shoulder to shoulder” with George W. Bush in his so-called ‘war on terror’, because things could always be worse.

Muhammad Idrees Ahmad is a member of Spinwatch.org. His commentaries on arts, politics and culture appear on Fanonite.org .

Notes
1. Might he be the same Amnon Maor of the squad of six Israeli border policemen who back in 1994 were sentenced to six months in prison with one year suspended sentences and a fine of NIS 1,000 each, for brutally assaulting an Arab in a supermarket whose cart had accidentally knocked one? “The six also arrested a passerby who witnessed the beating, and had asked them to stop and to show identification”, the Jerusalem Post reported. The Judge castigated them for abuse of authority and violating “all norms of acceptable behaviour”. ( Jerusalem Post , 8 December 1994)
2. Naomi Klein, ‘How war was turned into a brand’, The Guardian , 16 June 2007
3. Zbigniew Brzezinski, ‘Terrorized by “War on Terror”’, Washington Post , March 25, 2007
4. European Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2007; David Miller, ‘The statistical invisibility of Islamist “terrorism” in Europe’, Spinwatch , 23 May 2007
5. Duncan Campbell, ‘The ricin ring that never was’, The Guardian , 14 April 2005
6. Gardner admits that the MI6 tried to recruit him while he was stationed in Cairo, however, he insists he turned them down. See David Rowan, ‘Interview: Frank Gardner’, Evening Standard , 15 June 2005
7. Simon Jenkins, ‘These fear factory speeches are utterly self-defeating’, The Guardian , 7 November 2007
8. Robert Fisk, ‘If You Want the Roots or Terror, Try Here’, The Independent , 12 August 2006
9. Seumas Milne, ‘A pointless attack on liberty that fuels the terror threat’, The Guardian , 8 November 2007
10. Sanford Levinson, ‘Torture in Iraq & the rule of law in America’, Daedalus , Summer 2004
11. Gareth Peirce, ‘Was it like this for the Irish?’, London Review of Books , 10 April 2008
12. See ibid . for a description of the true onerous nature of the control orders, especially for detainees with families.
13. Henry Porter, ‘The way the police treat us verges on the criminal’, The Observer , 29 October 2006
14. James Petras, ‘Anatomy of the “Terror Expert”’, Counterpunch.org , 7-8 August 2004
15. Jim Crace, ‘Just how expert are the expert witnesses?’, The Guardian , 13 May 2008
16. J. Burnett and Dave Whyte, ‘Embedded expertise and the “War on Terror”’, Journal for Crime, Conflict and the Media , 2005, 1(4): 1-18.
17. Quoted in the incisive study of the social consequences of conflict, War Is a Force That Gives Us Meaning , by veteran correspondent Chris Hedges.
18. Jonathan Owen and Brian Brady, ‘Soldiers need loans to eat, report reveals’, The Independent , 11 May 2008; Ned Temko and Mark Townsend, ‘Scandal of treatment for wounded Iraq veterans’, The Observer , 11 March 2007
19. Richard Norton-Taylor, ‘Under-strength and under strain as experienced soldiers queue to quit’, The Guardian , 23 November 2007
20. Ian Bruce, ‘Army visits to Scottish schools soar by 180% in three years’, The Herald , 12 May 2008
21. ‘Corporate Mercenaries’, War on Want , 30 October 2006
22. David Hencke, ‘MoD plans raid on landmine removal fund to keep Tornados flying in Iraq’, The Guardian , 10 March 2008

his article originally appeared in Variant magazine

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