Refuser la libre circulation des Palestiniens en Cisjordanie

Friday, May 2nd, 2008 Vendredi, 2ème Mai, 2008

By Stephen Lendman | Par Stephen Lendman | RINF - This article summarizes an August 2007 B’Tselem report now available in print. -- Le présent article résume août 2007 un rapport de B'Tselem maintenant disponible en version imprimée. It’s one of a series of studies it conducts on life in Occupied Palestine to reveal what major media accounts suppress. C'est un d'une série d'études qu'elle mène sur la vie en Palestine occupée pour révéler ce que les principaux médias supprimer. This one is titled: “Ground to a Halt - Denial of Palestinians’ Freedom of Movement in the West Bank.” Celui-ci est intitulé: "Ground à un Halt - Le refus des Palestiniens la liberté de mouvement en Cisjordanie." B’Tselem has a well-deserved reputation for accuracy and integrity. B'Tselem a une réputation bien méritée d'exactitude et d'intégrité. It’s the Jerusalem-based independent Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT). C'est la Jérusalem indépendante basée Centre d'information israélien pour les droits de l'homme dans les territoires palestiniens occupés (TPO). It was founded in 1989 by prominent academics, attorneys, journalists and Knesset members to “document and educate the Israeli public and policymakers about human rights violations in (Occupied Palestine), combat (the Israeli public’s) denial, and create a human rights culture in Israel” to convince government officials to respect human rights and obey international law. Elle a été fondée en 1989 par d'éminents universitaires, des avocats, des journalistes et des membres de la Knesset de "document et d'éduquer le public israélien et les responsables politiques sur les violations des droits de l'homme (Palestine occupée), de combattre (l'opinion publique israélienne) déni, et de créer des droits de l'homme la culture en Israël "pour convaincre les fonctionnaires du gouvernement de respecter les droits de l'homme et de respecter le droit international.

Its work is detailed, wide-ranging, carefully researched, and based on hundreds of testimonies and dozens of on-the-ground observations. Son travail est détaillé, vaste, soigneusement étudié, et basé sur des centaines de témoignages et des dizaines de sur-la-les observations au sol. For verification, it’s also cross-checked with relevant documents and other government sources. Pour vérification, il est aussi une vérification croisée avec les documents et autres sources gouvernementales. Work on this report was completed over a six month period in 2007. Les travaux sur ce rapport a été achevé sur une période de six mois en 2007. It included information from other reports, statements from political and military officials, petitions to Israel’s High Court of Justice, and media accounts. Il comprend des informations provenant d'autres rapports, des déclarations de responsables politiques et militaires, des pétitions à Israël la Haute Cour de justice et les médias comptes.

B’Tselem states: “For the past seven years (since the September 2000 Second Intifada began), Israel has imposed restrictions and prohibitions on Palestinian movement that are unprecedented in scope and duration.” It refers to hundreds of permanent and temporary checkpoints, other obstacles, physical barriers, and Israel’s Separation Wall (ruled illegal by the World Court) on confiscated Palestinian land. B'Tselem déclare: "Au cours des sept dernières années (depuis le Septembre 2000 Deuxième Intifada a commencé), Israël a imposé des restrictions et interdictions de circulation des Palestiniens qui sont sans précédent dans l'étendue et la durée." Elle se réfère à des centaines d'emplois permanents et temporaires, des postes de contrôle, d'autres les obstacles, les barrières physiques, et en Israël du mur de séparation (déclaré illégal par la Cour mondiale) sur des terres palestiniennes confisquées.

Free movement in the West Bank is severely restricted and nearly always entails “intolerable and arbitrary delays, much uncertainty, friction with soldiers, and often substantial expense.” B’Tselem stresses that throughout 2008, it will continue to focus on this topic - with new maps, short videos, and various “public education and advocacy activities to highlight” Israel’s unnecessary, outlandish and illegal restrictive measures. Libre circulation en Cisjordanie est sévèrement limitée et entraîne presque toujours "intolérable et arbitraire des retards, beaucoup d'incertitude, la friction avec les soldats, et souvent substantielle des dépenses." B'Tselem, souligne que tout au long de 2008, il continuera de se concentrer sur ce sujet -- de nouvelles cartes, de courtes séquences vidéo, et diverses «l'éducation du public et des activités de sensibilisation pour mettre en surbrillance" inutile d'Israël, bizarres et illégale des mesures restrictives. People need to know, and B’Tselem intends to tell them. Les gens ont besoin de savoir, B'Tselem et l'intention de leur dire.

This is its 14th report on this topic since September 2000. C'est son 14e rapport sur ce sujet depuis Septembre 2000. Previous ones covered specific type restrictions like checkpoints, for-Jews only roads, and the Separation Wall. Précédent celles couvertes type restrictions telles que des postes de contrôle, pour les Juifs seulement les routes, et le mur de séparation. The one is comprehensive. L'un est complet. It surveys all of them and their collective effects on Palestinians’ lives. Il passe en revue tous les collectifs et leurs effets sur les Palestiniens la vie.

The measures aren’t new or restricted to the West Bank. Les mesures ne sont pas nouveaux ou limité à la Cisjordanie. They’ve been ongoing since the early 1990s and have undergone expansion and refinement ever since. Ils ont été en cours depuis le début des années 1990 et ont fait l'objet d'expansion et de raffinement jamais depuis. Until 1991, Palestinians (except small numbers designated security threats) could move freely throughout the Territories and were able to enter and stay in Israel during daytime hours. Jusqu'en 1991, les Palestiniens (à l'exception de petites quantités désigné les menaces à la sécurité) peuvent se déplacer librement dans l'ensemble des territoires et sont en mesure d'entrer et de séjour en Israël pendant la journée. It helped Palestine establish social, cultural and commercial ties to its neighbor, Israeli Arab citizens in it, as well as between Gaza and the West Bank. Il a aidé à établir la Palestine social, culturel et commercial de son voisin, les citoyens arabes israéliens en son sein, ainsi que entre Gaza et la Cisjordanie.

During the January 1991 Gulf war, everything changed. Au cours de Janvier la guerre du Golfe de 1991, tout a changé. General permits were cancelled and replaced by new restrictive policies. Les autorisations générales ont été annulées et remplacées par de nouvelles politiques restrictives. Thereafter, all Palestinians needed (selectively authorized) permits to enter Israel and East Jerusalem. Par la suite, tous les Palestiniens nécessaire (autorisé sélective) permet d'entrer en Israël et à Jérusalem-Est. Checkpoints and barriers were erected for enforcement. Les postes de contrôle et des barrières ont été érigées pour l'exécution. They’ve restricted movement ever since, and at times, like the 1993 killings of nine Israelis, became a general closure policy. Ils ont limité le mouvement depuis toujours, et parfois, comme les 1993 assassinats de neuf Israéliens, est devenue une politique de bouclage général. All free movement was halted, Palestinians lost their jobs in Israel, few opportunities at home could replace them, and the Territories suffered great economic and social harm. Tous libre circulation a été interrompue, les Palestiniens ont perdu leur emploi en Israël, peu de possibilités à la maison pourrait les remplacer, les territoires et subi de lourdes économiques et sociaux des dommages.

Closure also split the OPT into three areas: East Jerusalem, the remaining West Bank and Gaza. Clôture également divisé les territoires palestiniens occupés en trois zones: Jérusalem-Est, le reste de la Cisjordanie et à Gaza. After September 2000, Israel tightened free movement further and continues harassing and containing relentlessly. Après Septembre 2000, Israël a renforcé davantage la libre circulation et continue de harceler et d'contenant relâche. Two main factors explain how: Deux principaux facteurs expliquent comment:

– Israel’s “ever-expanding settlement enterprise….along the length and breadth of the West Bank;” they’re on strategically chosen and most valued lands; in areas designed to contain Palestinian city expansions; further harmed by Israel’s (for-Jews-only) bypass roads that constrict, isolate and divide West Bank areas; and -- Israël "sans cesse croissant de règlement des entreprises…. Long de la longueur et la largeur de la Cisjordanie," ils sont sur stratégiquement choisis et les plus appréciés des terres en zones destinées à contenir l'expansion ville palestinienne, la poursuite par Israël préjudice ( - pour les Juifs uniquement) routes de contournement qui constriction, d'isoler et de diviser la Cisjordanie domaines, et

– the effects of the Oslo Accords; they split the West Bank into three areas - Area A under Palestinian Authority (PA) security and civil affairs control; Area B under Israel security and right to restrict free movement; and Area C under total Israeli control, including on matters relating to land, planning and building; Areas B and C comprise 80% of the West Bank, including its main roads, so that lets Israel restrict movement how, when, for as long, and for whatever purpose it wishes over most of the Territory. -- Les effets des Accords d'Oslo, ils se divisent la Cisjordanie en trois zones - Zone A relevant de l'Autorité palestinienne (AP) la sécurité et de contrôle des affaires civiles, zone B à la sécurité à Israël et le droit de restreindre la libre circulation et la zone C sous contrôle israélien total , Y compris sur les questions relatives à la terre, la planification et de la construction; zones B et C représentent 80% de la Cisjordanie, y compris ses grands axes routiers, de manière à ce que permet de restreindre la circulation Israël comment, quand, aussi longtemps, et pour quelque fin que ce soit, il souhaite plus de la plupart du territoire.

After September 2000, its measures were hardened. Après Septembre 2000, ses mesures ont été durcies. It clamped down on free movement, isolated Palestinians in cantonized enclosures, and made a fundamental human right a privilege to grant or withhold as it pleases. Il serré sur la libre circulation, les Palestiniens isolés dans cantonized enclos, et en fait un droit fondamental de l'homme un privilège d'accorder ou de refuser ce qu'il veut. Its pretext is security but, in fact, that’s false. Son prétexte est la sécurité, mais, en fait, c'est faux. The real aim is harassment, land grab, and a state-sponsored expulsion plan so Israel can seize all the land it wants for Jews only. Le véritable objectif est de harcèlement, de saisir des terres, et un état-parrainé l'expulsion plan Israël peut saisir toutes les terres qu'il veut seulement pour les juifs. It’s gone on for decades and so far unchallenged by the world community. Il a disparu depuis des décennies et, à ce jour incontestée par la communauté mondiale. B’Tselem wants to stop it along with all other law violations so Palestinians can have their long denied justice they deserve and should get. B'Tselem veut l'arrêter ainsi que toutes les autres violations des lois afin Palestiniens peuvent avoir à long déni de justice qu'ils méritent et devraient obtenir.

Israel’s Means to Control Movement Moyens d'Israël visant à contrôler la circulation

B’Tselem divides Israeli control into three categories reflecting “different layers” of restrictive policy. B'Tselem contrôle israélien divise en trois catégories reflétant "différentes couches" de la politique restrictive. They, in turn, build on each other and are interrelated: Ils ont, à son tour, s'appuyer sur eux et sont interdépendants:

– physical means to divert movement to certain passageways and roads and prevent access to others; -- Des moyens matériels de détourner le mouvement à certains passages et de routes et d'empêcher l'accès à d'autres;

– restrictions and prohibitions that first layer physical tools enforce; and -- Des restrictions et des interdictions que la première couche physique appliquer les outils et

– the means to ease or tighten, selectively and under careful monitoring, second layer restrictions and prohibitions. -- Les moyens de faciliter ou de renforcer, de manière sélective et sous une surveillance attentive, deuxième couche restrictions et interdictions.

The essential idea is that in combination these layers represent a single control mechanism, all parts operate together, and determining their impact requires evaluating the combined effect of four types of control: L'idée essentielle est que la combinaison de ces couches représentent un mécanisme de contrôle unique, toutes les parties fonctionnent ensemble, et de déterminer leur impact nécessite l'évaluation de l'effet combiné de quatre types de contrôle:

(1) obstructions to deny access to main roads; they divert Palestinians to checkpoints where the army (IDF) supervises movement from one area to another or can deny it altogether; obstructions are in different forms - dirt mounds, concrete blocks, boulders, trenches, fences and iron gates; their numbers have gradually increased and in mid-2007 totaled 455 throughout the West Bank; they limit pedestrian and vehicular movement, and especially affect the elderly, the ill, pregnant women and small children; they’re even more restrictive in winter when water accumulation turns dirt areas muddy; (1) les obstacles à refuser l'accès aux routes principales, ils détournent les Palestiniens à des postes de contrôle où l'armée (FDI) supervise le mouvement d'un endroit à un autre ou peut nier tout à fait; obstacles sont sous différentes formes - des monticules saleté, des blocs de béton, des rochers, des tranchées , Des clôtures et des portes de fer, leur nombre a augmenté progressivement et à la mi-2007 ont totalisé 455 dans toute la Cisjordanie, ils limitent les piétons et la circulation de véhicules, et affectent en particulier les personnes âgées, les malades, les femmes enceintes et des enfants en bas âge, ils sont encore plus restrictive en hiver quand l'eau se transforme accumulation de saleté zones boueuses;

(2) permanent staffed checkpoints; they’re fairly constant in number, and Israel has used them to some degree throughout 41 years of occupation; they gained prominence, however, after Israel cancelled general-entry (free movement) permits in 1991; they were then expanded during the Second Intifada; over time, they’ve become the most conspicuous occupation symbol and one of its most hated; (2) postes de contrôle permanents du personnel, ils sont assez constante en nombre, et Israël a eu recours à eux dans une certaine mesure tout au long de 41 années d'occupation, ils pris de l'importance, toutefois, après Israël annulé général d'entrée (libre circulation) permet en 1991, ils ont ensuite été élargi au cours de la deuxième Intifada, plus de temps, ils sont devenus les plus symbole de l'occupation et l'un de ses plus détestés;

– in mid-2007, 80 were in place of which 33 were the last inspection point before entering Israel along the Green Line; the other 47 lie inside the West Bank, some with control towers; seven are to transfer goods; they’re called “back-to-back” because merchandise is unloaded on one side, checked, then reloaded on another truck on the other side; operating times vary - many open at 6AM and close at night; others are staffed around the clock but limit crossings to “urgent humanitarian” cases; -- À la mi-2007, 80 étaient en place dont 33 ont été le dernier point d'inspection avant entrer en Israël le long de la Ligne verte et l'autre 47 se trouvent l'intérieur de la Cisjordanie, certains avec tours de contrôle, sept sont de transfert du transport de marchandises, ils sont appelés "Dos à dos" parce que la marchandise est déchargée sur un côté, vérifié, puis rechargé sur un autre camion de l'autre côté; d'exploitation varient fois - de nombreux ouvert à 6 heures et ferment à la nuit, d'autres sont tout le temps, mais limite les passages à "Urgence humanitaire";

– movement restrictions vary from one checkpoint to another and always at Israel’s discretion; to pass, travelers must show proper ID or crossing permits; searches may be conducted; procedures are at the discretion and mood of soldiers; some checkpoints are for pedestrians only; others are restricted to commercial and public transportation. -- Les restrictions de mouvement varient d'un poste de contrôle à l'autre et toujours à Israël le pouvoir d'appréciation, de passer, les voyageurs doivent faire preuve de bonne pièce d'identité ou permis de passage; recherches mai être menées les procédures sont à la discrétion et de l'humeur des soldats, certains postes de contrôle sont seulement pour les piétons , D'autres sont limités à la communication et les transports publics.

(3) so-called flying checkpoints; they’re temporary, may be erected anywhere, and remain for hours or longer; in recent years, they’ve increased in numbers - from a weekly average of 73 in late 2005 to 136 in 2006 to about 150 in 2007 and at times up to 200. (3) soi-disant vol de contrôle, ils sont temporaires, mai faire installer n'importe où, et de rester pendant des heures ou plus, au cours des dernières années, ils ont augmenté en nombre - d'une moyenne hebdomadaire de 73 à la fin de 2005 à 136 en 2006 à environ 150 en 2007 et parfois jusqu'à 200. Again, the pretext is security, their real aim is to harass, and no one does it better than Israelis. Encore une fois, le prétexte est la sécurité, leur véritable objectif est de harceler, et pas un t-il mieux que les Israéliens.

Consider the effects of all checkpoints. Examiner les effets de tous les points de contrôle. Since September 2000, they’ve become “the main (source of) friction (between) Palestinians and Israeli security forces.” They generate tension, create uncertainty, deny or delay passage, humiliate and overall makes things intolerable. Depuis Septembre 2000, ils sont devenus «les principaux (source de) frottement (entre) les Palestiniens et les forces de sécurité israéliennes." Ils génèrent des tensions, de créer l'incertitude, refuser ou retarder l'adoption, d'humilier et de l'ensemble rend les choses intolérables. They’re also degrading by demanding that males expose their upper bodies in public simply as a way to harass them. Ils sont aussi dégradants en exigeant que les hommes exposer le haut du corps en public simplement comme un moyen de les harceler.

It gets worse by selective detentions in so-called “positions” - isolated holding areas for additional “security” checks that, in fact, are to punish and further humiliate; they can last hours, in exposed heat or cold, without food or water, and at times include physical abuse; many Palestinians are affected daily; Israel’s high command has full knowledge; the government does as well; nominal recommendations are made to stop it, yet abuse continues and few offenders are ever punished. Il s'aggrave par sélective détentions dans ce qu'on appelle les "positions" - les zones isolées pour plus de "sécurité" vérifie que, en fait, sont à punir et humilier, ils peuvent dernières heures, de chaleur ou de froid, sans eau ni nourriture , Et parfois physique de sévices, de nombreux Palestiniens sont touchés quotidiennement, Israël du haut commandement a pleine connaissance, le gouvernement ne fait ainsi; nominale des recommandations sont formulées pour l'arrêter, mais continue abus et quelques délinquants sont jamais punis.

(4) the Separation Wall; in June 2002, Israel decided to build it; again the claim was security; in fact, it was separation and theft of over 10% of Palestinian land, including for-Jews only roads to connect settlements with Israel and other settlements; most of the Wall is completed; its planned length is 721 kilometers; only 20% of it lies along the Green Line; most of it runs deep inside the West Bank; near Jerusalem, it surrounds the Ma’ale Adumim settlements about 14 km into the West Bank on stolen Palestinian land; (4) Le mur de séparation, en Juin 2002, Israël a décidé de construire de nouveau la demande est la sécurité, en fait, il a été la séparation et le vol de plus de 10% des terres palestiniennes, y compris pour les Juifs-routes pour relier les établissements avec Israël et d'autres établissements, la plupart du mur est achevé, sa longueur est prévu 721 kilomètres; seulement 20% de celui-ci se trouve le long de la Ligne verte, la plupart de celui-ci est profondément enracinée dans la Cisjordanie, près de Jérusalem, il entoure les colonies de Ma'ale Adumim environ 14 km à l'intérieur de la Cisjordanie sur le vol des terres palestiniennes;

– its route creates two kinds of Palestinian enclaves - villages and farmland between the Wall and Green Line (in the “seam zone”) on the Israeli side of the barrier; another area comprises villages on the Palestinian side that are surrounded on three or more sides because of the route’s winding path or that the Wall meets roads on which Palestinian movement is forbidden or physical obstructions prevent it. -- Son parcours crée deux sortes d'enclaves palestiniennes - les villages et les terres agricoles entre le Mur et la Ligne verte (dans la "zone de jointure») du côté israélien de la barrière, un autre domaine comprend les villages du côté palestinien que sont entourés sur trois ou plus parce que les parties de l'itinéraire du chemin ou que le mur se réunit sur les routes mouvement palestinien qui est interdit ou prévenir les obstacles physiques.

Physical restrictions and movement prohibitions give Israeli security forces more latitude, and they take full advantage through a fourfold layer of control: Les restrictions physiques et de mouvement donner interdictions forces de sécurité israéliennes ont plus de latitude, et qu'ils prennent pleinement avantage grâce à un quadruple couche de contrôle:

(1) by imposing a siege to completely or partially prevent Palestinians from crossing to or from a certain area as well as isolating the area from other parts of the West Bank; it’s done with physical obstructions to block access and force residents to pass through staffed checkpoints; closing off the area facilitates sweeping movement prohibitions on specific classifications of people by gender, age or place of residence; the IDF claims their “risk profile” makes them “potential terrorists;” targeting them by siege is a frequently used post-September 2000 tactic; large areas of the West Bank have been affected; their degree of harshness varies; and areas like the Jordan Valley, Area A and cities like Nablus, Jenin, Tulkarm and Hebron have been especially impacted. (1) en imposant un siège complètement ou partiellement empêcher les Palestiniens de se rendre dans ou à partir d'un certain domaine, ainsi que d'isoler la zone d'autres parties de la Cisjordanie, de faire avec des obstacles physiques à bloquer l'accès des résidents et la force de passer par le personnel des postes de contrôle; fermant la région facilite le balayage des interdictions de circulation sur des classifications de personnes selon le sexe, l'âge ou du lieu de résidence, les FDI ont leurs revendications "profil de risque" qui les rend "terroristes potentiels" ciblage par siège est fréquemment utilisé un poste - Septembre 2000 tactique, de vastes zones de la Cisjordanie ont été touchés, leur degré de sévérité variable et des domaines tels que la vallée du Jourdain, zone A et des villes comme Naplouse, Djénine, Tulkarem et Hébron ont été particulièrement touchés.

– in December 2001, the West Bank IDF commander signed the Proclamation Regarding the Closure of Area (Encirclement) (Area A); it classified it as a closed military area, was unlimited in duration and still remains in force; in April 2007, a separate order was issued for Nablus restricting entry to and exit from the city to certain checkpoints; again the army claims it’sa security measure “to prevent terrorists and materiel from leaving Palestinian towns in Judea and Samaria….” -- Décembre 2001, la Cisjordanie commandant des FDI a signé la Proclamation concernant la fermeture de la zone (encerclement) (Zone A), mais elle a classé comme une zone militaire fermée, a été d'une durée illimitée et reste en vigueur, en avril 2007, une distinct a été publié afin de Naplouse limitant l'entrée et la sortie de la ville à certains postes de contrôle de nouveau l'armée prétend c'est une mesure de sécurité "pour empêcher les terroristes et du matériel de quitter les villes palestiniennes en Judée et la Samarie…».

(2) the “seam zone;” Israelis say it’s the enclosed area between the Green Line and Separation Wall; when its first section was completed (in October 2003), the IDF declared this section a closed military area with entry into it forbidden; later areas may also be closed off, but even ones that aren’t will have severe movement restrictions the way they’re imposed throughout the West Bank; all Palestinians are affected; Jews and foreigners have permits permitting easy entry and exit. (2) la "zone de jointure; Israéliens dire que c'est la zone fermée entre la Ligne verte et le mur de séparation, quand sa première partie a été achevée (en Octobre 2003), les FDI ont déclaré cette section une zone militaire fermée à l'entrée dans celui-ci interdite; plus tard domaines mai également être fermés, mais même ceux qui ne sont pas aura de graves restrictions de circulation la façon dont ils sont imposées dans toute la Cisjordanie; tous les Palestiniens sont touchés; Juifs et les étrangers ont des permis autorisant facile d'entrée et de sortie.

(3) prohibiting travel on certain roads for Jews only; on some roads, no Palestinian vehicles are allowed; on others, travel is allowed for ones with special permits; the Oslo Accords set the rules; most often (but not always), Palestinians may travel on Areas A and B roads but prohibited or restricted in Area C; they’re excluded from about 311 km of West Bank roads for Jews only; they connect settlements to Israel or other settlements. (3) l'interdiction de circuler sur certaines routes pour Juifs seulement, sur certaines routes, pas de véhicules palestiniens sont autorisés; sur les autres, les frais de voyage est autorisé pour ceux qui ont des permis spéciaux, les Accords d'Oslo fixent les règles, le plus souvent (mais pas toujours), les Palestiniens mai circuler sur les zones A et B routes, mais interdite ou restreinte dans la zone C, ils sont exclus d'environ 311 km de routes en Cisjordanie pour les Juifs seulement, elles se relient à Israël établissements ou d'autres établissements.

– rules are so harsh and convoluted that further restrictions are imposed on some roads Palestinians may use; an example is forbidding Palestinian vehicles from crossing a road, requiring passengers to leave their vehicles on one side, cross on foot, and get other transportation on the other side; this creates great hardship, is only to harass, and in cases of passenger illness or mothers in labor it may be life-threatening; in addition, Israeli security forces have great enforcement latitude; orders are issued verbally, not in writing, and soldiers at checkpoints can pretty much do as they please, depending on their mood. -- Les règles sont si dures et alambiqué que de nouvelles restrictions sont imposées sur certaines routes Palestiniens mai; un exemple est l'interdiction aux véhicules palestiniens de traverser une route, obligeant les passagers à quitter leurs véhicules sur un côté, traverser à pied, et obtenir d'autres sur le transport autre côté, ce qui crée de grandes difficultés, n'est que de harceler et, en cas de maladie ou de passagers mères en mai travail il être la vie en danger, en outre, les forces de sécurité israéliennes ont une grande latitude d'exécution; ordres sont émis verbalement, pas par écrit, et des soldats aux postes de contrôle peut très bien faire ce que bon leur s’il vous plaît, en fonction de leur humeur.

(4) harsh travel laws act as deterrence; they impose high fines and/or insurance requirements; Palestinian violators are treated discriminatorily; and a high percentage of drivers are affected. (4) dures lois de voyage agir comme dissuasion, ils imposer de lourdes amendes et / ou exigences en matière d'assurance; palestinien contrevenants sont traités discriminatoire, et un fort pourcentage des conducteurs sont affectés.

To counter public criticism, Israel issued two selective easing measures; they help some Palestinians but tighten movement restrictions for others: Pour contrer la critique publique, Israël a émis deux assouplissement des mesures sélectives, ils aider certains Palestiniens, mais renforcer les restrictions de mouvement pour les autres:

(1) the permits regime; since 1991, Israel required Palestinians to have personal entry permits to enter its territory and East Jerusalem; after 1996, Palestinians also needed permits to enter West Bank jurisdictional areas; post-September 2000, rules were further tightened; some Palestinians must have permits to enter, remain in, or leave large areas inside the West Bank, including the “seam zone” and areas under siege; other permits are needed to arrange (passenger and commercial) vehicular checkpoint crossings; a limited number are allowed based on the capacity of security forces to inspect vehicles, goods and passengers; (1) le régime de permis, depuis 1991, Israël exige des Palestiniens d'avoir permis d'entrée personnel d'entrer sur son territoire et à Jérusalem-Est, après 1996, les Palestiniens ont également besoin de permis pour entrer en Cisjordanie domaines de compétence; post-Septembre 2000, les règles ont été encore renforcées; certains Palestiniens doivent avoir un permis d'entrer, de rester, ou de quitter les grandes zones à l'intérieur de la Cisjordanie, y compris la «zone» et les zones en état de siège; d'autres autorisations sont nécessaires pour organiser (passagers et commerciale) des véhicules de contrôle de passage, un nombre limité sont permis, selon la capacité des forces de sécurité d'inspecter les véhicules, des marchandises et des passagers;

– B’Tselem lists nine different type permits for passenger vehicles - commercial ones; public ones for taxis and buses; movement in areas under encirclement; humanitarian ones; for permanent “seam zone” residents; for daily “seam zone” entry; “seam zone” entry for farming or work; and to enter the Jordan Valley; -- B'Tselem listes neuf différents types de permis pour les véhicules de tourisme - commerciaux; publiques pour les taxis et les autobus; circulation dans les zones relevant de l'encerclement; humanitaires; permanente "zone de jointure» des résidents, pour tous les jours «zone" entrée "couture zone "entrée pour l'agriculture ou de travail et d'entrer dans la vallée du Jourdain;

– movement restrictions and prohibitions are so onerous and for so many reasons that Israelis consider permits a privilege; for Palestinians, they’re essential to meet daily needs; West Bank District Coordination Offices (DCOs) issue them, but procedures are unclear and lack transparency; B’Tselem believes “two general and sweeping criteria must be met” to get one: -- Les restrictions de mouvement et les interdictions sont si lourdes et aussi de nombreuses raisons que les Israéliens considèrent permis un privilège, pour les Palestiniens, ils sont essentiels pour satisfaire les besoins quotidiens; Cisjordanie bureaux de coordination de district (ACD) question, mais les procédures ne sont pas claires et le manque de transparence ; B'Tselem estime que "deux et de balayage critères doivent être remplies" pour obtenir un:

(a) “lack of ‘prevention,’ either for security or police-related reasons relating to the applicant,” and (a) «le manque de« prévention », soit pour la sécurité ou de police liés à des raisons liées à la requérante," et

(b) having documents to show justification for the request. (b) de documents pour montrer la justification de cette demande.

Quotas exist in all cases; when they’re filled, many qualified residents are left out; in addition, other qualifying procedures exist but are unstated; ultimately DCO officials have total discretion in awarding or denying permits and can be pretty arbitrary about it; “seam zone” residents provide an example of what all Palestinians endure; to get a permit to their own home area, they must prove they reside there from their ID card address on the day the declaration of closed military area was made or in some other way show their center of life is there; those getting one are allowed entry via one checkpoint only; Les quotas existent dans tous les cas, quand ils sont remplis, de nombreux résidents qualifiés sont exclus, en outre, d'autres procédures de qualification existent, mais sont inexprimées, en fin de compte DCO ont entière discrétion dans l'attribution ou le refus de permis et peut être assez arbitraire; " zone de jointure "résidents fournir un exemple de ce que les Palestiniens endurent; pour obtenir un permis pour leur propre région d'origine, ils doivent prouver qu'ils y résident de leur carte d'identité adresse le jour où la déclaration de zone militaire fermée a été faite ou d'une autre manière montrer leur centre de la vie est là, ceux se sont permis une entrée par un poste de contrôle;

(2) So-called “fabric of life” roads for Palestinians only; the West Bank’s main roads are only for Jews; initially, those for Palestinians passed through villages and city centers, but because of criticism an alternate plan was developed - creating a separate, contiguous road network running north-south in the West Bank; it’s based on separate levels in places where Israeli and Palestinian roads meet; bridges and interchanges achieve separation with Israelis able to travel on top at high speed; lower level “fabric of life” roads comprising 20% of the West Bank’s total are for Palestinians; elements of the plan have been implemented and “fabric of life” roads are being built; they represent another part of Israel’s repressive apartheid scheme. (2) dites "tissu de la vie" routes pour les Palestiniens; l'Ouest Banque routes principales sont seulement pour les juifs, d'abord, pour les Palestiniens passés par les villages et les centres villes, mais en raison des critiques un plan alternatif a été développé -- la création d'un autre, contiguë réseau routier nord-sud en Cisjordanie, il est basé sur des niveaux dans les lieux où israéliens et palestiniens routes répondre; ponts et échangeurs réaliser la séparation avec les Israéliens en mesure de se rendre au sommet à haute vitesse, de niveau inférieur "Tissu de la vie" routes de 20% de la Cisjordanie sont totales pour les Palestiniens, éléments du plan ont été mis en œuvre et "tissu de la vie" routes sont en cours de construction, ils représentent une autre part d'Israël de répression du régime de l'apartheid.

Splitting the West Bank Fractionnement la Cisjordanie

Article 13 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights states: L'article 13 de la Déclaration universelle de 1948 des droits de l'homme stipule:

(1) “Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state. (1) "Toute personne a le droit à la liberté de circulation et de séjour sur le territoire de chaque État.

(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.” (2) Toute personne a le droit de quitter tout pays, y compris le sien, et de revenir dans son pays. "

Israel is a serial international law and human rights abuser. Israël est une série droit international et des droits de l'homme agresseur. For Palestinians, it believes allowing free movement is a privilege, denying it is the norm, and actions no matter how outlandish require no explanation or justification. Pour les Palestiniens, il estime que la libre circulation est un privilège, c'est nier la norme, et les actions quel que soit le farfelu ne nécessitent aucune explication ou justification.

Israel divided the West Bank into three control areas - A, B and C. For purposes of restricting movement, it further split the Territory into six geographical units: Israël a divisé la Cisjordanie en trois zones de contrôle - A, B et C. Pour les fins de la restriction de mouvement, il a en outre divisé le territoire en six unités géographiques:

– North that includes the Jenin, Tulkarm, Tubas and Nablus districts, except for those in the Jordan Valley and Separation Wall enclaves; about 840,000 Palestinians lived in this area as of summer 2007; today the number is somewhat higher; -- Nord qui comprend de Djénine, Tulkarem, Naplouse, Tubas et les districts, à l'exception de ceux de la vallée du Jourdain et des enclaves mur de séparation, dont environ 840000 Palestiniens vivent dans ce domaine de l'été 2007, aujourd'hui ce nombre est légèrement plus élevée;

– Central that includes the Salfit, Ramallah, and Jericho districts, except for parts in the Separation Wall enclaves; in summer 2007, the Palestinian population exceeded 400,000; -- Centrale qui comprend la Salfit, Ramallah, Jéricho et les districts, sauf pour les pièces dans le mur de séparation des enclaves, en été 2007, la population palestinienne a dépassé 400000;

– South that includes the Hebron and Bethlehem districts, except for the northern Dead Sea and Separation Wall enclaves; Palestinians here number over 700,000; -- Qui comprend du Sud d'Hébron et de Bethléem districts, sauf pour le nord de la Mer Morte et des enclaves mur de séparation; Palestiniens ici plus de 700000;

– the Jordan Valley and northern Dead Sea that includes the eastern strip of the West Bank, except for Jericho and nearby refugee camps; the Palestinian population is around 10,000; -- La vallée du Jourdain et dans le nord de la Mer Morte qui comprend la bande orientale de la Cisjordanie, à l'exception de Jéricho et à proximité des camps de réfugiés, la population palestinienne est d'environ 10000;

– the Separation Wall-created “seam zone” and inside the West Bank “internal” enclaves; when the Wall is completed, the “seam zone” Palestinian population will number about 30,000; an additional 25,000 will be in “internal” enclaves; the “seam zone” also contains thousands of Palestinian farmland dunams (a dunam equals about one fourth of an acre) and 39 settlements; unlike the other geographical units, the enclaves are dozens of non-contiguous sections that are separated from the rest of the West Bank; and -- Le mur de séparation créé par «zone» et à l'intérieur de la Cisjordanie "interne" des enclaves, et lorsque le mur est achevé, la «zone de jointure" population palestinienne au nombre d'environ 30000, 25000 supplémentaires seront en "interne" des enclaves, le «Zone de jointure» contient également des milliers de dounams de terres agricoles palestiniennes (un dounam équivaut à environ un quart d'acre) et 39 établissements, à la différence des autres unités géographiques, les enclaves sont des dizaines de non-contigus sections qui sont séparées du reste de l'Ouest Banque et

– East Jerusalem that includes all the area Israel annexed in 1967 and is attached to the Jerusalem Municipality, except for the Shu’afat refugee camp and Kfar Aqeb that the Wall separates from the city; around 200,000 Palestinians live in this section. -- Jérusalem-Est qui comprend toute la zone annexée Israël en 1967 et est rattaché à la municipalité de Jérusalem, à l'exception du camp de réfugiés de Shu'afat et Kfar Aqeb que le mur sépare de la ville, environ 200000 Palestiniens vivent dans cette section.

All geographical units are constricted by Israel’s rigid control system explained above. Toutes les unités géographiques sont restreint par Israël du système de contrôle rigide expliqué ci-dessus. Below are the checkpoints that control movement from one section to another: Voici les postes de contrôle qui contrôlent le mouvement d'une section à l'autre:

– Za’tara (Tupuah) Checkpoint controls North to Central sections movement; in addition, the IDF directs to this checkpoint all west and east traffic along the Trans-Samaria highway and from Route 60 from Nablus in the north and Ramallah in the southwest and south; Palestinians may generally pass freely heading north; those traveling south encounter ID and sometimes vehicle checks; delays are common; males aged 16 - 35 often aren’t allowed to go south. -- Za'tara (Tupuah) Checkpoint contrôles du Nord centrale sections mouvement, en outre, les FDI ont dirige à ce poste de contrôle tous ouest et l'est du trafic le long de la Trans-Samarie et l'autoroute 60 de la route de Naplouse dans le nord de Ramallah et dans le sud-ouest et sud; Palestiniens mai généralement passer librement en direction du nord, ceux roulait vers le sud et ID rencontre parfois des véhicules; retards sont fréquents; hommes âgés de 16 ans - 35 souvent ne sont pas autorisés à aller au sud.

– Container Checkpoint almost totally controls movement between the South and Central sections; Border Police staff it round the clock; from 2002 to February 2007, passenger cars were prohibited without a special permit; it’s now cancelled; since September 2000, Palestinians have been prohibited from using Route 398 that runs from the checkpoint to the Ma’ale Adumim and Qedar settlements; Palestinians are diverted to other worn roads of nearby villages; Palestinian traffic passing through the checkpoint are subjected to lengthy delays and at times searches; when Israel declares a comprehensive closure, it applies to this checkpoint; it severs the southern West Bank from the rest of the Territory and requires Palestinians traveling to or from the South to do it by foot. -- Container Checkpoint presque totalement les contrôles de circulation entre le Sud et centrale sections; personnel de la police des frontières, il la montre ronde, de 2002 à Février 2007, les voitures sont interdites sans un permis spécial, il est maintenant annulé, et depuis Septembre 2000, les Palestiniens ont été interdit de circuler sur la route 398, qui court à partir du poste de contrôle à la Ma'ale Adumim et Qedar établissements; Palestiniens sont détournés à d'autres portés routes à proximité de villages, la circulation des Palestiniens passant par le poste de contrôle sont soumis à de longs retards et parfois les recherches, lorsque Israël déclare une fermeture complète, il s'applique à ce poste de contrôle, il severs le sud de la Cisjordanie du reste du territoire exige que les Palestiniens et les voyages à destination ou en provenance du Sud de le faire à pied.

– Tayasir, Hamra, Gittit and Yitav checkpoints control movement to and from the Jordan Valley. -- Tayasir, Hamra, Gittit et Yitav postes de contrôle contrôler la circulation à destination et en provenance de la vallée du Jourdain. In May 2005, Israel instituted sweeping Palestinian movement prohibitions here, except for residents with ID cards and persons with special permits. En Mai 2005, Israël a institué de vastes mouvement palestinien interdictions ici, sauf pour les résidents ayant des cartes d'identité et les personnes munies d'une autorisation spéciale. They were cancelled in April 2007, it affects only pedestrians and those using public transportation (that also requires a permit), and applies only to the Tayasir and Hamra crossings. Ils ont été annulées en avril 2007, il n'affecte que les piétons et ceux qui utilisent les transports publics (qui exige un permis), et ne s'applique qu'à la Tayasir et Hamra passages à niveau.

– Almog Checkpoint that controls movement to and from the northern Dead Sea; generally only Palestinians with work permits for nearby settlements and/or to enter Israel may pass; since May 2007, the latter category was cancelled. -- Almog Checkpoint que les contrôles circulation vers et depuis le nord de la mer Morte; généralement seuls les Palestiniens avec des permis de travail pour les colonies voisines et / ou à entrer en Israël mai passer; depuis Mai 2007, cette dernière catégorie a été annulée.

– the Separation Wall directs movement between the “seam zone” enclaves and the rest of the West Bank to several gates in the Wall; only Palestinians with special entry permits may pass; 38 gates are in place; only six operate daily from 12 to 24 hours continuously; 17 others open two or three times a day for 30 minutes to two hours; 13 additional ones operate during farming season; two other gates allow movement of residents of a few houses that are enclosed by the Wall and separated from their village; still other crossings are for Israeli travel between the West Bank and Israel; they operate round the clock. -- Le mur de séparation dirige le mouvement entre «zone» des enclaves et le reste de la Cisjordanie à plusieurs portes dans le mur; seuls les Palestiniens ayant des permis d'entrée mai passer 38 portes sont en place; seulement six fonctionnent tous les jours de 12 à 24 heures en continu, 17 autres l'ouverture de deux ou trois fois par jour pendant 30 minutes à deux heures, 13 autres fonctionnent au cours de la saison agricole, deux autres portes permettre le mouvement des résidents de quelques maisons qui sont entourées par le Mur et séparés de leur village; d'autres passages à niveau sont le retrait israélien de voyage entre la Cisjordanie et Israël, elles exercent leurs activités autour de l'horloge.

– the Separation Wall also directs movement between East Jerusalem and the rest of the West Bank; this section is called the “Jerusalem envelope” and has 12 checkpoints; crossing (permitted only through four of them) requires a valid ID and permit and submitting to stringent checks; they include exiting vehicles, having them searched, and passing through a revolving gate equipped with a metal detector; the remaining eight checkpoints are for settlers, Israeli residents and East Jerusalem Palestinians with Israeli IDs. -- Le mur de séparation dirige également les déplacements entre Jérusalem-Est et le reste de la Cisjordanie, cette section est appelée "enveloppe de Jérusalem" et dispose de 12 postes de contrôle; passage à niveau (autorisés uniquement par le biais de quatre d'entre eux), il faut une carte d'identité valide et de permettre et de soumettre au contrôles renforcés, ils comprennent les véhicules de sortir, de les avoir recherchées, et passant par une porte tournante équipé d'un détecteur de métaux, les huit autres postes de contrôle sont pour les colons israéliens et les résidents de Jérusalem-Est par Israël avec les Palestiniens d'identité.

In addition to area to area restrictions, Israel tightens them further with others within areas by breaking them into sub-areas and controlling movement between them. En plus d'une zone à restriction, Israël resserre encore avec d'autres dans les zones de rupture dans les sous-zones et le contrôle de circulation entre eux. Nablus in the North is separated from nearby villages and from other northern West Bank districts. Naplouse dans le nord-est séparé de villages voisins et d'autres nord de la Cisjordanie districts.

The Nablus area includes the city, three refugee camps and 15 villages that contain over 200,000 Palestinians combined. La région de Naplouse comprend la ville, trois camps de réfugiés et 15 villages qui contiennent plus de 200000 Palestiniens combiné. It’s been under siege for seven years; entry and exit is through four surrounding checkpoints; passage through them entails stringent personal and vehicle checks, including for all merchandise in both directions; and special permits are required for passenger vehicle entry. Il a été en état de siège pendant sept ans; d'entrée et de sortie est par le biais de quatre postes de contrôle qui entourent; passage à travers les strictes implique personnels et des véhicules, y compris pour toutes les marchandises dans les deux sens et des permis spéciaux sont nécessaires pour les véhicules de transport de passagers entrée.

Collective Nablus movement prohibitions are harsh and unique in the Territory. Naplouse collective interdictions de circulation sont difficiles et unique sur le territoire. Males between 16 and 35 are especially affected, but they overall disrupt life for everyone. Les hommes entre 16 et 35 sont particulièrement touchés, mais ils perturbent la vie global pour tout le monde. The restricted male population alone affects 26,000 persons. La population masculine limité seule touche 26000 personnes. If the age is lowered to 15, it rises to 36,000, and if females are included (as sometimes happens) it totals 73,000. Si l'âge est abaissé à 15, il s'élève à 36000, et si les femmes sont incluses (comme c'est parfois le cas), il s'élève à 73000. This group is the area’s main work force, its entire economic life depends on them, and prohibiting their movement brings it to a halt. Ce groupe est le domaine principal de main-d'œuvre, l'ensemble de sa vie économique dépend d'eux, et en interdisant leur mouvement apporte à l'arrêt.

When it’s in force, siege conditions vary by checkpoint for those allowed through. Quand il est en vigueur, de siège varient selon les conditions de contrôle pour ceux autorisés par. The two main Beit Iba and Huwara ones inflict the longest and most burdensome delays and restrictions. Les deux principaux Beit Iba Huwara et ceux infliger la plus longue et plus lourde retards et les restrictions. In addition, all persons having a “risk profile” because of age are forbidden to leave the area and need a “movement permit in area under encirclement” if they want to exit. En outre, toutes les personnes ayant un "profil de risque" en raison de leur âge sont interdits de quitter la zone et ont besoin d'un "permis de circulation dans la zone sous encerclement" s'ils veulent quitter. However, it’s not easy getting one with a convoluted system in place that requires a party permitted to cross to apply for persons who aren’t and even they can’t do it easily. Toutefois, il n'est pas facile à obtenir un alambiquée un système en place qui exige une partie autorisée à franchir à appliquer pour les personnes qui ne sont pas et même ils ne peuvent le faire facilement. In addition, permits aren’t issued for “ordinary” needs, such as work, family visits or school. En outre, les permis ne sont pas délivrés pour "ordinaire" doit, comme le travail, des visites de leur famille ou à l'école. Those considered are only for “humanitarian” reasons like needed medical care. Sont ceux qui sont considérés uniquement pour les "humanitaires" des raisons comme les soins médicaux nécessaires. Few overall are issued. Peu de l'ensemble sont émis.

The Nablus siege also restricts movement in the Jenin Tulkarm and Tubas districts. Le siège de Naplouse également en mouvement restreint de Djénine et de Tulkarem districts de Tubas. Nablus is vital for them and for years was the West Bank’s economic and industrial center. Naplouse est vital pour eux et pour les années a été la Cisjordanie et économique du centre industriel. Now these districts are separated, and major roads between them are blocked. Maintenant, ces quartiers sont séparés, et les routes principales entre eux sont bloqués. In the past, traveling from Jenin to Nablus took about 40 minutes on the main road. Dans le passé, les voyages de Jénine à Naplouse a pris environ 40 minutes sur la route principale. It now takes one to three hours on narrow, winding roads plus a long wait at one of the Nablus area checkpoints. Il prend maintenant une à trois heures sur étroites et sinueuses routes plus une longue attente dans l'un des postes de contrôle de région de Naplouse.

Over the past two years especially, accessing Nablus has been hard and complicated for villagers located to its north. Au cours des deux dernières années en particulier, l'accès à Naplouse a été difficile et compliqué pour les villageois situés au nord. Checkpoint access is limited, some are closed to traffic, and those that operate have delays running up to hours. Contrôle l'accès est limité, certains sont fermés à la circulation, et ceux qui ont des retards fonctionner jusqu'en heures. In addition, soldiers at times block road traffic for several hours, no advance notice is given, and it causes undue hardship for travelers having to wait or use alternate routes. En outre, des soldats parfois bloquer la route pendant plusieurs heures, aucun préavis n'est donné, et elle cause un préjudice injustifié pour les voyageurs d'avoir à attendre ni d'utiliser d'autres itinéraires. The IDF is also at times punitive. Le FDI est également parfois punitifs. It sets up indiscriminate flying checkpoints, uses them for punishment, and makes it harsher with instances of violence and confiscation of permits and identity cards that can only be redeemed at a permanent checkpoint that may or may not be operating. Elle met en place des postes de contrôle volants aveugle, les utilise pour la peine, et le rend plus sévères les cas de violence et la confiscation des permis et des cartes d'identité qui ne peuvent être rachetées à un poste de contrôle permanent que les mai mai ou pas être en fonctionnement.

The Central Section splitting caused much the same type hardships. La section centrale scission provoquée à peu près le même type de difficultés. It created two principal sub-areas around Salfit and Ramallah. Il a créé deux principaux sous-zones autour de Salfit et à Ramallah. It detached some of these cities’ villages and separated them from their residents’ farmland. Il individuelle certaines de ces villes et villages séparés de leurs habitants des terres agricoles.

After the IDF blocked Salfit’s main entrance road from the north, alternate routes became necessary, and they lengthened travel times considerably. Après la Salfit FDI ont bloqué l'entrée principale route du nord, d'autres routes est devenu nécessaire, et ils allongée considérablement les temps de trajet. It created great hardship for travelers who rely on Nablus for basic services and also for villagers who are blocked from their farmland. Il a créé de grandes difficultés pour les voyageurs qui comptent sur Naplouse pour les services de base et aussi pour les villageois qui sont bloqués de leurs terres agricoles. Sixty-six thousand people are affected. Soixante-six mille personnes sont touchées.

It’s even worse for the 300,000 Ramallah district residents in a city that’s the West Bank’s seat of government because Israel denies East Jerusalem that status. Il est même pire pour le district de Ramallah 300000 habitants dans une ville qui est la Rive occidentale du siège du gouvernement parce que Israël nie que Jérusalem-Est. In addition, after undo restrictions and hardships caused many Palestinian entrepreneurs to leave Nablus and the northern West Bank, Ramallah developed into the Territory’s cultural and economic center. En outre, après annulation des restrictions et des difficultés causées nombreux entrepreneurs palestiniens à quitter Naplouse et le nord de la Cisjordanie, à Ramallah développés dans le territoire culturel et centre économique. Obstructions, checkpoints and the Separation Wall demarcate the area and combined make movement just as hard as throughout the rest of the West Bank. Obstructions, de contrôle et le mur de séparation délimiter la zone et faire mouvement combiné tout aussi difficile que dans le reste de la Cisjordanie.

It’s the same for Jericho’s 40,000 residents. Il en est de même pour de Jéricho 40.000 résidents. In addition, for 10,000 of them in the north in the besieged Jordan Valley, they’re separated from the city, and for those in the east there’s another obstacle - 19 km of trenches and land east of it that’sa closed military area. En outre, pour 10000 d'entre eux dans le nord de la vallée du Jourdain assiégée, ils sont séparés de la ville, et pour ceux de l'est il ya un autre obstacle - 19 km de tranchées et de la terre est de celui-ci c'est un militaire fermée .

The South section’s splitting has been less conspicuous, but it hasn’t made movement easier. La section Sud du fractionnement a été moins visible, mais il n'a pas fait mouvement plus facile. Most notably since September 2000, have been restrictions in Route 60’s southern section that runs the entire length of the southern West Bank and is this subsection’s principal roadway. Plus particulièrement depuis Septembre 2000, ont été restrictions Route 60 sud qui court tout le long du sud de la Cisjordanie et la présente sous-section est la principale autoroute. Access roads to the Route are now blocked, over time some have been eased, but use of the road remains limited. Les routes d'accès à la route sont maintenant bloqués, au fil du temps certains ont été assouplies, mais l'utilisation de la route reste limitée.

Most harmed are residents in towns and villages in Hebron’s southern area. La plupart des résidents sont lésés dans les villes et villages du sud d'Hébron. To reach the city, they must use long, winding, beat-up roads that are no substitute for decent ones. Pour atteindre la ville, ils doivent utiliser de long, sinueux, beat-des routes qui ne sont pour remplacer décent. Once the Separation Wall is completed east of the Efrat and Gush Atzion settlements, Route 60’s northern quarter in the South section will be on the Wall’s Israeli side and completely off-limits to Palestinians. Une fois le mur de séparation est achevé est de la Efrat et colonies de Gush Atzion, 60 Route du Nord trimestre dans la section du Sud sera mis sur le mur du côté israélien et complètement hors-limites pour les Palestiniens. As a result, Bethlehem will be separated from Jerusalem as well as the main road to Hebron with all the hardships that will create. En conséquence, Bethléem seront séparés de Jérusalem ainsi que la route principale à Hébron avec toutes les difficultés que va entraîner.

Consider how they affect Hebron. Envisager la manière dont elles affectent d'Hébron. It’s the only Palestinian West Bank city (other than East Jerusalem that Israel annexed in 1967) with an Israeli settlement in its center. C'est la seule Cisjordanie palestinienne ville (autres que Jérusalem-Est annexé par Israël en 1967) avec une implantation de colonies israéliennes en son centre. Because of it, the IDF created a contiguous strip of land through the city over which Palestinian vehicles are prohibited. À cause de cela, les FDI ont créé une bande contiguë de terres à travers la ville sur lesquelles les véhicules palestiniens sont interdits. It runs from the Kiryat Arba settlement in the east to the Palestinian Tel Rumeida neighborhood in the west, and in many sections along its center, Palestinian pedestrians are banned. Il va de la colonie de Kiryat Arba à l'est pour les Palestiniens Tel Rumeida dans le quartier ouest, et dans de nombreux articles ainsi que son centre, les piétons palestiniens sont interdits. The main Shuhada Street is most affected. La principale rue Shuhada est la plus touchée. In addition, the strip blocks Hebron’s main north-south artery harming the entire Palestinian population. En outre, la bande de blocs Hébron principal nord-sud artère nuire à l'ensemble de la population palestinienne.

Jordan Valley and northern Dead Sea restrictions involve the use of Route 90 that runs the entire length of the section. Vallée du Jourdain et dans le nord de la Mer Morte restrictions prévoient l'utilisation de la route 90 qui fonctionne sur toute la longueur de la section. Israel operates five checkpoints here for control. Israël exploite cinq postes de contrôle pour le contrôle ici. Only public transportation and vehicles with special permits may pass. Seuls les transports publics et des véhicules avec des autorisations spéciales mai passer. That frees the Route for settlers and Israelis traveling between Jerusalem and the Beit She’an Valley, the Sea of Galilee, or the Galilee area in the north. Cela libère la route pour les colons et les Israéliens circulant entre Jérusalem et la vallée de Beit She'an, la mer de Galilée, la Galilée ou dans la zone nord. It also allows the IDF to use large Jordan Valley sections as fire-exercise zones and close off much of their water and grazing areas to Palestinians. Il permet également de l'armée israélienne d'utiliser de grandes sections vallée du Jourdain que le feu-exercice zones et fermer une grande partie de leur eau et les zones de pâturage à des Palestiniens.

Dozens of non-contiguous “seam-zone” enclaves are also affected. Des dizaines de non-contigus "joint-zone" enclaves sont également touchés. The Separation Wall separates them by winding back and forth between the Green Line and deep into the West Bank. Le mur de séparation sépare par enroulement-et-vient entre la Ligne verte et profondément en Cisjordanie. They all contain Palestinian farmland on the barrier’s Israeli side. Ils contiennent tous des terres agricoles palestiniennes sur la barrière du côté israélien. Some also include villages where 30,000 Palestinians live. Certains incluent également les villages où vivent 30000 Palestiniens. Because they aren’t connected, crossing from one subsection to another at best is hard and at worst impossible. Parce qu'ils ne sont pas connectés, un passage à niveau dans le paragraphe à l'autre, au mieux, est dur et au pire impossible. It forces travelers to cross the Wall twice with all the hardships that entails. Il oblige les voyageurs à traverser le mur à deux reprises avec toutes les difficultés que cela comporte. Further, since permits are for one enclave only, entering another one requires a second permit. En outre, depuis les permis sont pour une enclave seulement, une entrée dans un autre demande une seconde autorisation.

The Separation Wall then can be divided into five sections plus the Jerusalem area, and each one contains separate enclaves. Le mur de séparation peut ensuite être divisé en cinq sections ainsi que la région de Jérusalem, et chacun d'entre eux contient des enclaves séparées. Combined they form a crazy quilt isolation pattern with physical obstacles and human repression used against a defenseless civilian population. Combinées, elles forment une courtepointe isolement modèle avec les obstacles physiques et humaines de répression utilisés contre une population civile sans défense.

Internal community and farmland enclaves are affected as well but not by having to pass through the Wall or obtain permits. Intérieur de la Communauté et des enclaves de terres agricoles sont affectées à bien, mais pas par avoir à passer par le mur ou obtenir des permis. However, roads that used to connect them have been closed making travel times longer and more complicated. Toutefois, des routes utilisées pour connecter entre eux ont été fermées en temps de trajet plus longue et plus compliquée. When completed, the Wall’s route will create 13 non-contiguous internal enclaves for about 240,000 Palestinians in dozens of towns and villages. Une fois terminé, le Mur de la route permettra de créer 13 non-contigus intérieur des enclaves pour environ 240000 Palestiniens dans des dizaines de villes et villages.

East Jerusalem is the final section. Jérusalem-Est est la dernière section. Israeli Arabs with identity cards may move about fairly freely with one notable exception. Les Arabes israéliens avec des cartes d'identité mai déplacer assez librement avec une exception notable. It’s the use of temporary checkpoints (so-called “collection” ones) to collect resident tax debts. C'est l'utilisation temporaire de postes de contrôle (ce que l'on appelle la "collecte") pour recueillir des résidents des dettes fiscales. They operate a few hours at a time on main neighborhood roads where Israeli Police (usually Border Police) provide security along with tax officials to do the collecting. Ils fonctionnent quelques heures à la fois sur les grandes routes quartier où la police israélienne (en général la police des frontières) assurer la sécurité ainsi que des agents du fisc de faire la collecte. Police stop cars, collectors do the rest, but never to Jerusalem’s Jewish residents. Arrêter les voitures de police, de collection font le reste, mais jamais à Jérusalem de résidents juifs.

Harm to Palestinians’ Fabric of Life Le dommage causé à des Palestiniens en tissu de la vie

West Bank separation and division inflicts great harm to Palestinians’ fabric of life in the short and longer term. This section examines how.

First consider health as a fundamental human right and how restricting movement affects it. Ill persons needing treatment are greatly impeded reaching medical centers. The quality and availability of service is hampered as well by delaying or restricting physicians and staff. First aid crews also aren’t able to reach the sick and injured quickly. Even when situations aren’t life threatening, movement restrictions increase morbidity chances and may shorten a life span.

Overall, West Bank Palestinians have limited or no access to medical care, and residents of villages and outlying areas are most gravely affected. Then consider so-called “risk profile” people being denied passage through checkpoints. Another example is persons needing a permit for access to Jerusalem hospital treatment. To get one, patients must provide medical documents testifying to their illness and confirming their appointment at a specific hospital.

The situation is especially problematic for pregnant women when their time to deliver approaches and their hospital is in Jerusalem. Permits are valid only for one or two days, as it is for all ill persons, but the moment when it’s needed is uncertain. They must thus be continually renewed, and there are times when it’s impossible. It thus forces mothers to give birth at checkpoints because they’re denied passage through them.

In 1996, the Physicians for Human Rights petitioned the State Attorney’s office for relief and nominally got it - to allow passage through checkpoints without permits in cases of medical emergency so ill persons can be treated. All checkpoint locations are supposed to comply, but it turns out they don’t. Soldiers don’t treat Palestinians kindly, are unresponsive to their needs, and are untrained medically to recognize emergencies.

Patients encounter other obstacles as well. Their travel is slowed by having to use long, winding and worn roads; they’re sometimes blocked causing long delays; they have no access to ambulances or other transportation; must pass through checkpoints when they do or by foot; be up against closed ones; be forced to wait at open ones; and undergo searches. Their travel is slowed by having to use long, winding and worn roads; they’re sometimes blocked causing long delays; they have no access to ambulances or other transportation; must pass through checkpoints when they do or by foot; be up against closed ones ; be forced to wait at open ones; and undergo searches.

These problems make people more dependent on first aid that can’t cope in emergency cases where special expertise is required. At times, long distances are involved, and when need is greatest, it means lives are endangered. This is what Palestinians endure daily.

Movement restrictions also affect hospitals, especially East Jerusalem ones that are considered the OPT’s best because they provide services unavailable elsewhere in the Territories. East Jerusalem’s separation from the rest of the West Bank and needing a permit to enter is the problem. It affects staff and patients with the situation at al-Makassed Hospital typical. Twelve of its workers live outside the city and are classified “prevented entry.” They have no permits. Even workers with them face long checkpoint delays or their closure when Israel wishes.

Restricting free movement also impacts health care professionals from developing their skills through in-service training. Students as well are affected, are unable to complete their studies or receive a lower professional training degree. It places Palestinians needing medical care in a hopeless situation. They’re unable to move freely or receive expert care if they can.

B’Tselem’s report is on the West Bank. Gaza is another matter, and since Israel’s June 2007 siege, 130 in the Territory have died because they couldn’t be treated. Their deaths are in addition to the hundreds of others from near daily incursions that continue without letup.

Movement restrictions also greatly affect the OPT’s economy and trade. Post-September 2000, it’s been in deep depression. GDP has declined around 40%, unemployment stands at about 80%, and the poverty level is punishing. It’s how Israel and Washington planned it to bring the Territories to their knees and demand surrender as the price for relief.

At present, look how working conditions and transport of goods are affected. Palestinians could once travel freely outside their communities to jobs. No longer, and many lost out and have no means of employment. Employers as well are affected. They lost workers, had to scale back their operations or shut them down entirely.

The same hardships apply to transporting goods. They can no longer move freely, permits are required, they’re hard to get, travel times are longer even with them, at much greater cost, and an example is trade between Nablus and Ramallah. The cost is fourfold what it was in 2002, the result is greatly reduced trade, it’s forced merchants to concentrate more on their own communities and those nearby, and the result is far less commerce overall that severely impacts everyone.

Here’s what’s involved to move goods between Nablus and East Jerusalem:

– permits are needed;

– a quota restricts the number;

– goods allowed to be transported endure the so-called “back-to-back” method; at point of shipment they’re loaded; then stopped at a checkpoint; unloaded; inspected by mechanical scanner, manually, and/or by dogs; they’re then reloaded on another truck for delivery; – goods allowed to be transported endure the so-called “back-to-back” method; at point of shipment they’re loaded; then stopped at a checkpoint; unloaded; inspected by mechanical scanner, manually, and/or by dogs; they’re then reloaded on another truck for delivery;

– damage is frequent because of extra handling and Israelis aren’t too gentle about it;

– delays are the rule and they’re costly;

– transport requires passing through other checkpoints and repeating the whole procedure again that may be more or less stringent depending on the whims of inspectors;

– when the Separation Wall is completed, transport will be even harder and its cost greater.

Tourism is also affected. Between the Oslo Accords and September 2000, cities like Bethlehem were desired destinations. No longer because of difficulties getting there and how hard it is to move around. The result is privately owned tourist sites throughout the West Bank have closed or have greatly cut back. An example is the Barahameh family’s park in al-Badhan, a village 10 km north of Nablus. Getting there from Ramallah means passing through four permanent checkpoints plus whatever flying ones are up for the day. The result is wasted hours to spend a day at the park, and most tourists won’t do it.

Small businesses like stores, souvenir shops and restaurants are also impacted. Many close down or operate at a fraction of their former levels. A World Bank West Bank report cites movement restrictions and their costs as two major obstacles affecting a healthy Palestinian economy.

They affect farming as well in areas like the Jordan Valley and “seam zone.” Agriculture is an important source of Palestinians’ income. Farmers need permits for it in these areas. Many are denied and their livelihoods destroyed or greatly impacted. Farm workers are also affected. They, too, need permits, but even having them means putting up with long travel times and exhausting days. Many workers won’t do it it so farmers lose a vital work force and the ability to grow their crops productively.

Farmer and merchant Husni Muhammad ‘Adb a-Rahman Sawafteh is an example of what others like him endure:

– he lives, works and farms in Tubas; he and his brothers have a house and 250 dunams of land in Bardala, a northern Jordan Valley village; they also have livestock;

– to reach Bardala, they must pass through Tayasir checkpoint; doing it involves “much difficulty;” it affects their workers as well;

– to sell their produce, they need to reach Bardala, but the hardship forces Sawafteh to manage things by phone; it’s inadequate because it’s vital to be current on prices and dealer payments that requires being in Bardala to do it;

– sometimes he can’t be for a month; the result is dealers send “payment on account” and pay less than the amount owed; their back due debts accumulate; being there is essential to handle things; when he can’t do it, he hasn’t enough money for materials to fertilize the land and grow crops; – sometimes he can’t be for a month; the result is dealers send “payment on account” and pay less than the amount owed; their back due debts accumulate; being there is essential to handle things; when he can’t do it , he hasn’t enough money for materials to fertilize the land and grow crops;

– caring for the livestock is another problem; they need daily care; Sawafteh had to build a new Tubas farm to do it, but it was lacking; Tubas hasn’t enough grazing land so the flock can’t do it daily as they need to; he thus has to buy them food; it’s an additional expense he can’t afford; – caring for the livestock is another problem; they need daily care; Sawafteh had to build a new Tubas farm to do it, but it was lacking; Tubas hasn’t enough grazing land so the flock can’t do it daily as they need to; he thus has to buy them food; it’s an additional expense he can’t afford;

– he and other farmers have an additional problem as well; they need permits for themselves but also for their tractors and farm vehicles; it forces most of them to go long distances on foot or donkeys;

– it also restricts what crops can be grown; restrictions forced farmers like Sawafteh to forgo higher revenue-generating ones like tomatoes and cucumbers and switch to less labor intensive ones like wheat;

– some farmers give up altogether and let their land lie fallow rather than risk economic failure or work under onerous conditions.

Family and social life are also affected. Palestinian community life is based on extended familial ties even though members don’t often live in the same towns and villages. Movement restrictions and inability to get permits prevent their ability to see each other, and it’s especially felt in the “seam zone,” Jordan Valley and Nablus under siege.

Ni’ma ‘Ali Salameh Abu Sahara from Nablus is a case in point:

– her daughter married and moved to the Jordan Valley;

– no one has been able to see her, not even during holidays, because “the army doesn’t let us cross the Hamra checkpoint;”

– she wasn’t able to visit her first grandson and only saw him two months after his birth when her daughter visited her;

– her daughter just had a second child by Caesarean section; Abu Sahara went to the checkpoint to get through to see her; soldiers refused to let her pass; she begged them; they still refused; Abu Sahara “went home and cried.”

This story and many others like it are commonplace, and it’s caused the splitting up of nuclear families. Students leave parents to be near school. Wage earners and tradesmen leave families to be close to work. The ill live in cities to be near essential medical care facilities. From the time they leave homes to whenever they try to return, they encounter problems. For most Palestinians, they’re painful to impossible.

Restrictions prevent routine family gatherings as well as special ones like weddings, funerals, and caring for the sick. Palestinians once could take vacations, and a favorite spot was the northern Dead Sea area with its 25 km of coastline. No longer. The ‘Ein Fascha nature reserves there (one of the most popular recreational sites) are now operated by Israel’s Nature Reserves and Parks Authority for Jews only.

Movement restrictions affect all facets of daily life, including basic services and law enforcement - urban infrastructure, social services, mail, governance, rescue operations, electricity and gas, water, and locally-based security. When breakdowns occur and repairs are needed or other vital services have to be performed, district government employees get no preferential treatment crossing checkpoints to handle them. The result is long delays fixing essential public services or dealing with problems like medical emergencies.

“Fabric of life” roads for Palestinians are also affected, including the way they were built. They’re on expropriated private land, inefficiently use public property, and take other Palestinian land for the Separation Wall. An example is a road Israel built between the village of Shufa (south of Tulkarm) and a-Ras, northeast of the Sal’it settlement. Israel took village lands for it - from Far’on, a-Ras and ‘Izbat Shufa. To connect the two district seats, Israel seized private land, destroyed olive and citrus orchards on them, asked no permission to do it, and paid no compensation for the losses.

Israel unilaterally chooses routes for new roads, Palestinians’ interests aren’t considered, and injuries and losses they incur get no redress. They’re also harmed in other ways. Roads often demarcate villages, they limit their ability to build and expand for their growing populations, their costs outweighs their benefits, the harm affects whole communities, and it’s long-term.

Restrictions on Free Movement from the Perspective of International Law

Besides Article 13 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international humanitarian law, the UN’s International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is very clear about free movement. Its Article 12 states:

1. “Everyone lawfully within the territory of a State shall, within the territory, have the right to liberty of movement and freedom to choose his residence.

2. Everyone shall be free to leave any country, including his own.

3. The above-mentioned rights shall not be subject to any restrictions except those which are provided by law, are necessary to protect national security, public order, public health or morals or the rights and freedoms of others, and are consistent with the other rights recognized in the present Covenant. The above-mentioned rights shall not be subject to any restrictions except those which are provided by law, are necessary to protect national security, public order, public health or morals or the rights and freedoms of others, and are consistent with the other rights recognized in the present Covenant.

4. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of the right to enter his own country.”

Besides legitimate national security and military necessity, restricting free movement must meet another requirement - proportionality. Under Israeli administrative law as well, the state must prove the legitimate necessity of restrictions, that security can’t be achieved by less harmful means, and that the end result justifies the cost under international law. The UN Human Rights Committee states that the principle of proportionality requires that movement restrictions be incorporated in clear and justifiable legislation. Failure to do so violates international law under which Israel is accountable.

Israel claims justification for its occupation policies - that they’re vital to secure its West Bank settlers as well as Israelis traveling on the Territory’s roads. Clearly, the threat is real, but unasked is why. It’s because of Israel’s longstanding belligerency forcing Palestinians to respond in self-defense and at times take Israeli lives. There’s no secret how to stop it, but Israel abjures - stop attacking Palestinians so they stop fighting back. Long ago it was that way before Palestine became Israel. Arabs and Jews lived peacefully at a time the population imbalance heavily favored Palestinians and the great Jewish immigration wave hadn’t begun.

Today, it’s another matter, Israel manufactures its own security problem, then unjustifiably claims the right to react, and in the process, inflict great harm on a mostly-civilian population. Its actions are unrelated to security, are entirely political and stem from its annexation aims - to seize the West Bank’s most valued areas, remove the Palestinian population, and resettle them in isolated cantons unconnected to the others except by a crazy quilt patchwork of obstructive checkpoints, barriers, and hard to traverse road network. Its actions are unrelated to security, are entirely political and stem from its annexation aims - to seize the West Bank’s most valued areas, remove the Palestinian population, and resettle them in isolated cantons unconnected to the others except by a crazy quilt patchwork of obstructive checkpoints, barriers, and hard to traverse road network.

Israel acts illegally on occupied lands, and its draconian restrictions follow as a result. They’re less for security and mainly to let settlers (on stolen land) move around freely. They’re heavily protected, isolated from their Arab neighbors, able to travel on for-Jews only roads, live in Jewish-only communities, and get all the conveniences of a modern state that denies them to non-Jews in a country claiming to be a model democracy. They’re heavily protected, isolated from their Arab neighbors, able to travel on for-Jews only roads, live in Jewish-only communities, and get all the conveniences of a modern state that denies them to non-Jews in a country claiming to be a model democracy.

All West Bank settlements are illegal under international law. So is the main road network forbidden to Palestinians that’s built on annexed land. Israel’s justifications are unfounded. Security is a non-starter. So is the claim that it’s to protect against terrorist attacks that are, in fact, self-defense measures in an unfair fight. Palestinians are matched against the world’s fourth most powerful military that flexes its muscles by attacking civilians and claims its occupation is just. International law says otherwise, but Israel ignores it.

It also acts disproportionately. It fails the test by all measures:

– there’s no rational connection between the harm restrictions cause and Israel’s declared security objective; independent security and human rights experts concur on this; their view is that there’sa converse relationship between restrictions imposed and security desired; the greater the former, the less of the latter; – there’s no rational connection between the harm restrictions cause and Israel’s declared security objective; independent security and human rights experts concur on this; their view is that there’sa converse relationship between restrictions imposed and security desired; the greater the former , the less of the latter;

– a second failure is the lack of an alternative that causes less harm to achieve a security goal; in some instances, Israel admitted it hasn’t used other methods that would have caused less harm; the Separation Wall is the clearest example of a measure causing great harm with little payback except for confiscated land; after that, the Wall is purely punitive and the Palestinian response justifiable anger; – a second failure is the lack of an alternative that causes less harm to achieve a security goal; in some instances, Israel admitted it hasn’t used other methods that would have caused less harm; the Separation Wall is the clearest example of a measure causing great harm with little payback except for confiscated land; after that, the Wall is purely punitive and the Palestinian response justifiable anger;

– a third failure is the lack of a proper relationship between the harm caused and security benefit gained; whatever reasons Israel claims for its policy, it must still justify that it acted in proper proportion to the benefit achieved; sweeping and protracted West Bank restrictions clearly fail the test; they affect all aspects of Palestinians’ lives, infringe on their human rights and deny them the right to family life, health, education, work, and all else Israelis take for granted and get; and in cases of Nablus under siege, the effects are much worse on a locked-down population; there’s no justification for causing so much harm for whatever benefits Israel claims to be getting; they’re disproportionately way out of whack. – a third failure is the lack of a proper relationship between the harm caused and security benefit gained; whatever reasons Israel claims for its policy, it must still justify that it acted in proper proportion to the benefit achieved; sweeping and protracted West Bank restrictions clearly fail the test; they affect all aspects of Palestinians’ lives, infringe on their human rights and deny them the right to family life, health, education, work, and all else Israelis take for granted and get; and in cases of Nablus under siege , the effects are much worse on a locked-down population; there’s no justification for causing so much harm for whatever benefits Israel claims to be getting; they’re disproportionately way out of whack.

Israel also imposes its might without military legislation or written orders. For measures this far-reaching and causing so much harm, orders are merely passed down the chain of command verbally with lots of latitude on their implementation on the ground no matter how harsh. Such a system begs for abuse, and that’s exactly what happens repeatedly.

Without official restrictions in writing, it’s near impossible to monitor how the IDF administers them or judge what’s right or wrong. By its policy, Israel has, in fact, given the army unlimited latitude, made it unaccountable, and instituted a system guaranteed to punish and abuse.

Under international humanitarian law, it’sa system of strictly prohibited collective punishment. Article 50 of the Hague Regulations states: “No general penalty, pecuniary or otherwise, shall be inflicted upon the population on account of the acts of individuals for which they cannot be regarded as jointly and severally responsible.”

Article 33 of the Fourth Geneva Convention also states: “No protected person may be punished for an offense he or she has not personally committed. Collective penalties and likewise all measures of intimidation or of terrorism are prohibited.” The UN’s International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (quoted above) concurs. So do all independent human rights experts.

Israel claims it acts to deter, not collectively punish, but evidence on the ground proves otherwise. The vast majority of Palestinians affected are innocent civilians, they’re suspected of nothing, they’re made to endure great suffering, and Israel’s actions have been imposed continuously and repressively for over seven and a half years plus the punitive effects of 41 years under occupation. The vast majority of Palestinians affected are innocent civilians, they’re suspected of nothing, they’re made to endure great suffering, and Israel’s actions have been imposed continuously and repressively for over seven and a half years plus the punitive effects of 41 years under occupation.

These are actions of one ethnic group against another, thus constituting another international law violation. It’s prohibited by the 1966 (UN General Assembly-adopted) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination that Israel ratified in 1979. Article 1.1 defines racial discrimination as follows:

“Any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, color, descent, or national origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life.” “Any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, color, descent, or national origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life.”

Article 5(d)(1) gives every person the right of free movement within the borders of the state without discrimination. Article 4 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights prohibits all measures that discriminate solely on the basis of race, color, sex, language, religion, or social origin. Israel violates all of the above. Its claims otherwise hold no water and are, in fact, convoluted. It denies legitimate citizens their legal rights on their own land, but provides preferential treatment for illegal settlers in stark breach of the law.

Conclusion

Israel’s repressive measures force West Bank Palestinians to live in a constant state of uncertainty, prevent them from making plans, deny them their basic rights, harm them when emergencies arise, and overall consign their lives to the will and whims to an illegal occupier. Israel’s repressive measures force West Bank Palestinians to live in a constant state of uncertainty, prevent them from making plans, deny them their basic rights, harm them when emergencies arise, and overall consign their lives to the will and whims to an illegal occupier .

Beyond the immediate harm that’s considerable, the West Bank’s geographical division causes severe long-term detriment to the entire Palestinian fabric of life - affecting their economic, political and social welfare. The result is an entire nation locked down, punished for being unwanted and in the way, and denied their right of self-determination and free movement on their own land.

Israel’s justification is fraudulent on its face, yet goes unchallenged by the world community as well as by neighboring Arab states. Shamefully and willfully, they turn a blind eye to a human calamity they won’t confront and denounce publicly as illegal and unacceptable.

B’Tselem has no such hesitancy. It ends its report by calling on Israel to:

– “immediately remove all the permanent and sweeping restrictions on movement inside the West Bank (including the Separation Wall ruled illegal by the International Court of Justice). In their place, Israel should” protect its citizens along the Green Line and inside the Jewish state according to the rule of law;

– “act immediately to evacuate all the settlements in the West Bank. Until this is done, Israel” has every right to protect its settlers security, but not to the detriment of the Palestinian people who are the lawful occupants of their own land; and

– “verify, before any temporary restriction….is approved (while settlements remain in place),” that it’s “needed for a legitimate security purpose and that the resultant harm to the Palestinian population will be proportionate,” according to international law. – “verify, before any temporary restriction….is approved (while settlements remain in place),” that it’s “needed for a legitimate security purpose and that the resultant harm to the Palestinian population will be proportionate,” according to international law . Restrictions in place “must be incorporated in a written order that specifies the nature of the restriction and the period of time it will remain in force.”

Until Israel takes these measures and begins ending its 41 year occupation, it will continue violating international law and remain in violation of dozens of UN resolutions condemning it for its actions, deploring it for committing them, and demanding they be ended. So far, Israel shows no signs of complying and continues acting with impunity, arrogance and defiance of the rule of law it disdains.

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