Negar la libre circulación palestinos en la Ribera Occidental

Friday, May 2nd, 2008 Viernes, 2 de mayo de 2008

By Stephen Lendman | Por Stephen Lendman | RINF - This article summarizes an August 2007 B’Tselem report now available in print. -- Este artículo resume un augusto 2007 B'Tselem informe ahora está disponible en formato impreso. It’s one of a series of studies it conducts on life in Occupied Palestine to reveal what major media accounts suppress. Es uno de una serie de estudios que lleva a cabo sobre la vida en la Palestina ocupada a lo que revelan los principales medios de comunicación cuentas reprimir. This one is titled: “Ground to a Halt - Denial of Palestinians’ Freedom of Movement in the West Bank.” Este es uno titulado: "tierra a una Detener - Denegación de los palestinos libertad de movimiento en la Ribera Occidental." B’Tselem has a well-deserved reputation for accuracy and integrity. B'Tselem tiene una bien merecida reputación por la exactitud e integridad. It’s the Jerusalem-based independent Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT). Es la Jerusalén de base independiente Centro de Información Israelí para los Derechos Humanos en los Territorios Palestinos Ocupados (TPO). It was founded in 1989 by prominent academics, attorneys, journalists and Knesset members to “document and educate the Israeli public and policymakers about human rights violations in (Occupied Palestine), combat (the Israeli public’s) denial, and create a human rights culture in Israel” to convince government officials to respect human rights and obey international law. Fue fundada en 1989 por destacados académicos, abogados, periodistas y miembros del Knesset que "el documento y educar a la opinión pública israelí y los encargados de formular políticas en materia de derechos humanos en violaciónes (Palestina ocupada), lucha (la opinión pública israelí) la negación, y crear una en materia de derechos humanos la cultura en Israel "para convencer a los funcionarios del gobierno de respetar los derechos humanos y obedecer al derecho internacional.

Its work is detailed, wide-ranging, carefully researched, and based on hundreds of testimonies and dozens of on-the-ground observations. Su labor es detallado, amplio, cuidadosamente estudiado, y se basa en cientos de testimonios y decenas de controles sobre el terreno observaciones. For verification, it’s also cross-checked with relevant documents and other government sources. Para la verificación, es también controlaron de forma cruzada con los documentos pertinentes y otras fuentes gubernamentales. Work on this report was completed over a six month period in 2007. Los trabajos sobre este informe se completó durante un período de seis meses en 2007. It included information from other reports, statements from political and military officials, petitions to Israel’s High Court of Justice, and media accounts. Incluye información de otros informes, declaraciones de políticos y militares, las peticiones a Israel del Tribunal Superior de Justicia, los medios de comunicación y las cuentas.

B’Tselem states: “For the past seven years (since the September 2000 Second Intifada began), Israel has imposed restrictions and prohibitions on Palestinian movement that are unprecedented in scope and duration.” It refers to hundreds of permanent and temporary checkpoints, other obstacles, physical barriers, and Israel’s Separation Wall (ruled illegal by the World Court) on confiscated Palestinian land. B'Tselem afirma: "Durante los últimos siete años (desde septiembre de 2000 Segunda Intifada comenzó a), Israel ha impuesto restricciones y prohibiciones a la circulación de los palestinos que no tienen precedentes en alcance y duración." Se refiere a cientos de empleos permanentes y temporales los puestos de control, otros obstáculos, las barreras físicas, y de Israel el muro de separación (gobernó ilegal por la Corte Mundial) en tierras palestinas confiscadas.

Free movement in the West Bank is severely restricted and nearly always entails “intolerable and arbitrary delays, much uncertainty, friction with soldiers, and often substantial expense.” B’Tselem stresses that throughout 2008, it will continue to focus on this topic - with new maps, short videos, and various “public education and advocacy activities to highlight” Israel’s unnecessary, outlandish and illegal restrictive measures. Libre circulación en la Ribera Occidental es muy restringida y casi siempre implica "intolerable y arbitrario retrasos, mucha incertidumbre, la fricción con los soldados, ya menudo importantes gastos." B'Tselem hace hincapié en que a lo largo de 2008, seguirá ocupándose de este tema - con nuevos mapas, vídeos cortos, y varias "la educación pública y las actividades de promoción para destacar" Israel's innecesarias, outlandish ilegal y la adopción de medidas restrictivas. People need to know, and B’Tselem intends to tell them. La gente necesita saber, B'Tselem y la intención de decirles.

This is its 14th report on this topic since September 2000. Esta es su 14 informe sobre este tema desde septiembre de 2000. Previous ones covered specific type restrictions like checkpoints, for-Jews only roads, and the Separation Wall. Anteriores cubiertos tipo específico de control de restricciones como, por Judios sólo carreteras, y el muro de separación. The one is comprehensive. El uno es amplio. It surveys all of them and their collective effects on Palestinians’ lives. No todas las encuestas de ellos y de sus efectos sobre el colectivo de los palestinos vive.

The measures aren’t new or restricted to the West Bank. Las medidas no son nuevas o se limita a la Ribera Occidental. They’ve been ongoing since the early 1990s and have undergone expansion and refinement ever since. Han estado en curso desde comienzos del decenio de 1990 y hayan sido sometidos a la expansión y el perfeccionamiento desde entonces. Until 1991, Palestinians (except small numbers designated security threats) could move freely throughout the Territories and were able to enter and stay in Israel during daytime hours. Hasta 1991, los palestinos (salvo un pequeño número designado amenazas a la seguridad) podría circular libremente por todo los territorios y fueron capaces de entrar y permanecer en Israel durante el día horas. It helped Palestine establish social, cultural and commercial ties to its neighbor, Israeli Arab citizens in it, as well as between Gaza and the West Bank. Ayudó a establecer Palestina sociales, culturales y los lazos comerciales con su vecino, los ciudadanos árabes israelíes en el mismo, así como entre Gaza y la Ribera Occidental.

During the January 1991 Gulf war, everything changed. Durante el mes de enero la guerra del Golfo de 1991, todo cambió. General permits were cancelled and replaced by new restrictive policies. Otros permisos fueron anulados y sustituidos por las nuevas políticas restrictivas. Thereafter, all Palestinians needed (selectively authorized) permits to enter Israel and East Jerusalem. Posteriormente, todos los palestinos necesitan (selectiva autorizada) permiso para entrar en Israel y Jerusalén oriental. Checkpoints and barriers were erected for enforcement. Los puestos de control y se levantaron barreras para la ejecución. They’ve restricted movement ever since, and at times, like the 1993 killings of nine Israelis, became a general closure policy. Han restringido la circulación desde entonces y, a veces, al igual que el 1993 los asesinatos de nueve israelíes, se convirtió en un cierre general de política. All free movement was halted, Palestinians lost their jobs in Israel, few opportunities at home could replace them, and the Territories suffered great economic and social harm. Todos libre circulación se detuvo, los palestinos perdieron sus empleos en Israel, pocas oportunidades en el hogar podría reemplazarlos, y los territorios sufrido grandes penalidades económicas y sociales daño.

Closure also split the OPT into three areas: East Jerusalem, the remaining West Bank and Gaza. Cierre también dividir el territorio palestino ocupado en tres zonas: Jerusalén oriental, el resto de Cisjordania y Gaza. After September 2000, Israel tightened free movement further and continues harassing and containing relentlessly. Después de septiembre de 2000, Israel reforzó aún más la libre circulación y continúa hostigando sin tregua y que contenga. Two main factors explain how: Dos factores principales explican cómo:

– Israel’s “ever-expanding settlement enterprise….along the length and breadth of the West Bank;” they’re on strategically chosen and most valued lands; in areas designed to contain Palestinian city expansions; further harmed by Israel’s (for-Jews-only) bypass roads that constrict, isolate and divide West Bank areas; and -- Israel es "cada vez mayor asentamiento de empresas…. A lo largo de la longitud y ancho de la Ribera Occidental," que están en estratégicamente elegidos y más valoradas tierras, en zonas destinadas a contener ciudad palestina expansiones; más perjudicados por Israel ( Judios-para-solamente) las carreteras de circunvalación que se constriñen, aislar y dividir la Ribera Occidental zonas, y

– the effects of the Oslo Accords; they split the West Bank into three areas - Area A under Palestinian Authority (PA) security and civil affairs control; Area B under Israel security and right to restrict free movement; and Area C under total Israeli control, including on matters relating to land, planning and building; Areas B and C comprise 80% of the West Bank, including its main roads, so that lets Israel restrict movement how, when, for as long, and for whatever purpose it wishes over most of the Territory. -- Los efectos de los Acuerdos de Oslo; que dividir la Ribera Occidental en tres zonas - la zona A con arreglo a la Autoridad Palestina (AP) la seguridad y el control de asuntos civiles; Zona B Israel en virtud de seguridad y el derecho a restringir la libre circulación, y la zona C bajo total control israelí , En particular sobre las cuestiones relativas a la tierra, la planificación y la construcción; Zonas B y C, comprenden el 80% de la Ribera Occidental, incluidos sus principales carreteras, a fin de que permite restringir el movimiento de Israel cómo, cuándo, durante todo el tiempo, y cualquiera que sea la finalidad que desea más la mayor parte del Territorio.

After September 2000, its measures were hardened. Después de septiembre de 2000, sus medidas fueron endurecidas. It clamped down on free movement, isolated Palestinians in cantonized enclosures, and made a fundamental human right a privilege to grant or withhold as it pleases. Se fija sobre la libre circulación, los palestinos aislados en cantonized recintos, y un derecho humano fundamental un privilegio de conceder o denegar tal como le plazca. Its pretext is security but, in fact, that’s false. Su pretexto es la seguridad pero, de hecho, eso es falso. The real aim is harassment, land grab, and a state-sponsored expulsion plan so Israel can seize all the land it wants for Jews only. El verdadero objetivo es el acoso, apoderarse de la tierra, y un estado patrocinado por la expulsión plan para que Israel pueda aprovechar todas las tierras que quiere sólo para Judios. It’s gone on for decades and so far unchallenged by the world community. Es ido a por décadas y hasta ahora sin respuesta de la comunidad mundial. B’Tselem wants to stop it along with all other law violations so Palestinians can have their long denied justice they deserve and should get. B'Tselem quiere para detenerlo junto con todos los demás violaciónes ley para que los palestinos puedan tener su largo niega la justicia que merecen y deben recibir.

Israel’s Means to Control Movement Israel es un mecanismo de control de movimiento

B’Tselem divides Israeli control into three categories reflecting “different layers” of restrictive policy. B'Tselem control israelí divide en tres categorías, que reflejan los "diferentes niveles" de la política restrictiva. They, in turn, build on each other and are interrelated: Ellos, a su vez, se basan en unos de otros y están relacionados entre sí:

– physical means to divert movement to certain passageways and roads and prevent access to others; -- Medios físicos para desviar la circulación a determinados pasillos y caminos e impedir el acceso a otros;

– restrictions and prohibitions that first layer physical tools enforce; and -- Restricciones y prohibiciones que la primera capa, aplicar herramientas de física y

– the means to ease or tighten, selectively and under careful monitoring, second layer restrictions and prohibitions. -- Los medios para aliviar o endurecer, selectiva y bajo cuidadosa supervisión, la segunda capa restricciones y prohibiciones.

The essential idea is that in combination these layers represent a single control mechanism, all parts operate together, and determining their impact requires evaluating the combined effect of four types of control: La idea esencial es que la combinación de estas capas representan un solo mecanismo de control, todas las partes operar conjuntamente, y la determinación de su impacto requiere evaluar el efecto combinado de cuatro tipos de control:

(1) obstructions to deny access to main roads; they divert Palestinians to checkpoints where the army (IDF) supervises movement from one area to another or can deny it altogether; obstructions are in different forms - dirt mounds, concrete blocks, boulders, trenches, fences and iron gates; their numbers have gradually increased and in mid-2007 totaled 455 throughout the West Bank; they limit pedestrian and vehicular movement, and especially affect the elderly, the ill, pregnant women and small children; they’re even more restrictive in winter when water accumulation turns dirt areas muddy; (1) los obstáculos para impedir el acceso a las carreteras principales, sino que desviar a los puestos de control palestinos, donde el ejército (FDI) supervisa la circulación de una zona a otra, o puede negar por completo; obstrucciones se encuentran en diferentes formas - montículos de tierra, bloques de hormigón, rocas, zanjas , Cercas y portones de hierro; su número ha aumentado gradualmente y, a mediados-2007 ascendieron a 455 en toda la Ribera Occidental, sino que los peatones y limitar la circulación de vehículos, y afectan especialmente a los ancianos, los enfermos, las mujeres embarazadas y niños pequeños, que están aún más restrictivas en invierno cuando el agua se convierte acumulación de suciedad zonas fangosas;

(2) permanent staffed checkpoints; they’re fairly constant in number, and Israel has used them to some degree throughout 41 years of occupation; they gained prominence, however, after Israel cancelled general-entry (free movement) permits in 1991; they were then expanded during the Second Intifada; over time, they’ve become the most conspicuous occupation symbol and one of its most hated; (2) puestos de control con personal permanente, sino que está bastante constante en número, e Israel ha recurrido a ellos en cierta medida a lo largo de 41 años de ocupación, sino que ganó prominencia, sin embargo, después de que Israel canceló general de entrada (libre circulación) en 1991 los permisos, sino que Luego se amplió durante la segunda Intifada; lo largo del tiempo, se han convertido en el más conspicuo símbolo de la ocupación y uno de sus más odiado;

– in mid-2007, 80 were in place of which 33 were the last inspection point before entering Israel along the Green Line; the other 47 lie inside the West Bank, some with control towers; seven are to transfer goods; they’re called “back-to-back” because merchandise is unloaded on one side, checked, then reloaded on another truck on the other side; operating times vary - many open at 6AM and close at night; others are staffed around the clock but limit crossings to “urgent humanitarian” cases; -- A mediados-2007, 80 se encontraban en el lugar de los cuales 33 eran el último punto de control antes de entrar en Israel a lo largo de la Línea Verde, y los otros 47 se encuentran en el interior de la Ribera Occidental, algunos con torres de control, siete son para transferir el transporte de mercancías, sino que está llamado "Back-to-back", ya que la mercancía se descarga en un lado, marcada, recargadas en otro camión al otro lado; tiempos de funcionamiento varían - muchos 6 a.m. a abrir y cerrar por la noche, otros cuentan con personal las veinticuatro horas del día, pero limitar a los cruces "Humanitaria urgente" los casos;

– movement restrictions vary from one checkpoint to another and always at Israel’s discretion; to pass, travelers must show proper ID or crossing permits; searches may be conducted; procedures are at the discretion and mood of soldiers; some checkpoints are for pedestrians only; others are restricted to commercial and public transportation. -- Restricciones a la circulación varían de un puesto de control a otro y siempre a discreción de Israel; a pasar, los viajeros deben mostrar identificación apropiada o permisos de cruce; búsquedas se pueden realizar, los procedimientos son a discreción y de ánimo de los soldados, y algunos puestos de control son sólo para los peatones , Otros se limitan a comerciales y el transporte público.

(3) so-called flying checkpoints; they’re temporary, may be erected anywhere, and remain for hours or longer; in recent years, they’ve increased in numbers - from a weekly average of 73 in late 2005 to 136 in 2006 to about 150 in 2007 and at times up to 200. (3) los llamados puestos de control de vuelo; son temporales, puede ser levantada en cualquier lugar, y permanecer durante horas o más; en los últimos años, han aumentado en número - de una media semanal de 73 a finales de 2005 a 136 en 2006 a alrededor de 150 en 2007 y, a veces, hasta 200. Again, the pretext is security, their real aim is to harass, and no one does it better than Israelis. Una vez más, el pretexto es la seguridad, su verdadero objetivo es el de crear obstáculos, y nadie lo hace mejor que los israelíes.

Consider the effects of all checkpoints. Considere los efectos de todos los puestos de control. Since September 2000, they’ve become “the main (source of) friction (between) Palestinians and Israeli security forces.” They generate tension, create uncertainty, deny or delay passage, humiliate and overall makes things intolerable. Desde septiembre de 2000, se han convertido en "el principal (de fuente) de fricción (entre) los palestinos y las fuerzas de seguridad israelíes." Generar tensión, crear incertidumbre, negar o demorar el paso, humillar y, en general, hace las cosas intolerable. They’re also degrading by demanding that males expose their upper bodies in public simply as a way to harass them. También son degradantes al exigir que los hombres exponen sus órganos superiores en público simplemente como una forma de acosar.

It gets worse by selective detentions in so-called “positions” - isolated holding areas for additional “security” checks that, in fact, are to punish and further humiliate; they can last hours, in exposed heat or cold, without food or water, and at times include physical abuse; many Palestinians are affected daily; Israel’s high command has full knowledge; the government does as well; nominal recommendations are made to stop it, yet abuse continues and few offenders are ever punished. Se empeora por las detenciones selectivas en las llamadas "posiciones" - aislados de las zonas adicionales "de seguridad" los controles que, de hecho, son para castigar y humillar más, sino que puede durar horas, expuestos a calor o frío, sin comida ni agua , Y en ocasiones incluyen el maltrato físico; muchos palestinos se ven afectados a diario; Israel del alto mando tiene pleno conocimiento, el gobierno también; nominal se hacen recomendaciones para detenerlo, pero el abuso sigue y pocos los delincuentes cada vez son castigados.

(4) the Separation Wall; in June 2002, Israel decided to build it; again the claim was security; in fact, it was separation and theft of over 10% of Palestinian land, including for-Jews only roads to connect settlements with Israel and other settlements; most of the Wall is completed; its planned length is 721 kilometers; only 20% of it lies along the Green Line; most of it runs deep inside the West Bank; near Jerusalem, it surrounds the Ma’ale Adumim settlements about 14 km into the West Bank on stolen Palestinian land; (4) El muro de separación, en junio de 2002, Israel decidió construir; de nuevo la reclamación era la seguridad, de hecho, fue la separación y el robo de más de un 10% de tierras palestinas, incluidos los Judios-sólo carreteras para conectar los asentamientos con Israel y otros asentamientos, la mayoría del Muro se complete, su proyecto tiene una duración de 721 kilometros; sólo el 20% de ésta se encuentra a lo largo de la Línea Verde, la mayoría de los que puede correr lo más profundo de la Ribera Occidental, cerca de Jerusalén, que rodea la Ma'ale Adumim asentamientos unos 14 kilómetros de ancho en la Ribera Occidental en tierras palestinas robadas;

– its route creates two kinds of Palestinian enclaves - villages and farmland between the Wall and Green Line (in the “seam zone”) on the Israeli side of the barrier; another area comprises villages on the Palestinian side that are surrounded on three or more sides because of the route’s winding path or that the Wall meets roads on which Palestinian movement is forbidden or physical obstructions prevent it. -- Su ruta crea dos tipos de enclaves palestinos - las aldeas y tierras de cultivo entre el Muro y la Línea Verde (en la "zona de separación") en el lado israelí del muro; otra zona comprende las aldeas en la parte palestina de que están rodeados por tres o más porque las partes de la ruta del sinuoso camino o que el muro responde a las carreteras en que la circulación de los palestinos está prohibido o evitar obstrucciones físicas.

Physical restrictions and movement prohibitions give Israeli security forces more latitude, and they take full advantage through a fourfold layer of control: Física restricciones y prohibiciones de circulación dar las fuerzas de seguridad israelíes más latitud, y aprovechar al máximo a través de una cuádruple capa de control:

(1) by imposing a siege to completely or partially prevent Palestinians from crossing to or from a certain area as well as isolating the area from other parts of the West Bank; it’s done with physical obstructions to block access and force residents to pass through staffed checkpoints; closing off the area facilitates sweeping movement prohibitions on specific classifications of people by gender, age or place of residence; the IDF claims their “risk profile” makes them “potential terrorists;” targeting them by siege is a frequently used post-September 2000 tactic; large areas of the West Bank have been affected; their degree of harshness varies; and areas like the Jordan Valley, Area A and cities like Nablus, Jenin, Tulkarm and Hebron have been especially impacted. (1) mediante la imposición de un estado de sitio por completo o parcialmente de impedir que los palestinos cruzar hacia o desde una zona determinada, así como el aislamiento de la zona desde otras partes de la Ribera Occidental; se hace con obstrucciones físicas para bloquear el acceso y la fuerza a los residentes a pasar a través de personal de control; cierre del área de barrido facilita el movimiento de prohibiciones específicas en las clasificaciones de las personas por sexo, edad o lugar de residencia; las reclamaciones de las FDI su "perfil de riesgo" hace que sean "terroristas potenciales;" la orientación de ellos es un sitio de uso frecuente después A septiembre de 2000 táctica; grandes zonas de la Ribera Occidental se han visto afectadas; su grado de severidad varía, y zonas como el Valle del Jordán, la Zona A y ciudades como Nablus, Jenin, Tulkarem y Hebrón han sido especialmente afectados.

– in December 2001, the West Bank IDF commander signed the Proclamation Regarding the Closure of Area (Encirclement) (Area A); it classified it as a closed military area, was unlimited in duration and still remains in force; in April 2007, a separate order was issued for Nablus restricting entry to and exit from the city to certain checkpoints; again the army claims it’sa security measure “to prevent terrorists and materiel from leaving Palestinian towns in Judea and Samaria….” -- En diciembre de 2001, la Ribera Occidental comandante de las FDI firmado la Proclamación lo que respecta a la Clausura del Espacio (cerco) (Zona A), clasificado como una zona militar cerrada, es ilimitado en su duración y todavía sigue en vigor, en abril de 2007, un otra orden fue emitida por la restricción de Naplusa entrada y salida de la ciudad a ciertos puestos de control; de nuevo el ejército reclamaciones se trata de una medida de seguridad "para impedir que los terroristas y material de abandonar las ciudades palestinas en Judea y Samaria…."

(2) the “seam zone;” Israelis say it’s the enclosed area between the Green Line and Separation Wall; when its first section was completed (in October 2003), the IDF declared this section a closed military area with entry into it forbidden; later areas may also be closed off, but even ones that aren’t will have severe movement restrictions the way they’re imposed throughout the West Bank; all Palestinians are affected; Jews and foreigners have permits permitting easy entry and exit. (2) la "zona de separación;" los israelíes dicen que es el área cerrada entre la Línea Verde y el muro de separación, cuando su primera sección se terminó (en octubre de 2003), las FDI declararon esta sección una zona militar cerrada con la adhesión a la misma prohibido; zonas más tarde también puede ser cerrado, pero, incluso aquellas que no se va a tener graves restricciones a la circulación la forma en que está impuesto en toda la Ribera Occidental; todos los palestinos se ven afectados; Judios y los extranjeros tienen los permisos que permiten fácil acceso y de salida.

(3) prohibiting travel on certain roads for Jews only; on some roads, no Palestinian vehicles are allowed; on others, travel is allowed for ones with special permits; the Oslo Accords set the rules; most often (but not always), Palestinians may travel on Areas A and B roads but prohibited or restricted in Area C; they’re excluded from about 311 km of West Bank roads for Jews only; they connect settlements to Israel or other settlements. (3) la prohibición de viajes en determinadas carreteras de Judios sólo en algunas carreteras, los vehículos palestinos no se les permite; en otros, el viaje está previsto para los que tienen permisos especiales; los Acuerdos de Oslo establecen las normas; más a menudo (pero no siempre), los palestinos pueden viajar a las zonas A y B, pero las carreteras prohibidas o restringidas en la Zona C, que está excluido de unos 311 kilómetros de Cisjordania carreteras sólo para Judios, que conecta los asentamientos a Israel u otros asentamientos.

– rules are so harsh and convoluted that further restrictions are imposed on some roads Palestinians may use; an example is forbidding Palestinian vehicles from crossing a road, requiring passengers to leave their vehicles on one side, cross on foot, and get other transportation on the other side; this creates great hardship, is only to harass, and in cases of passenger illness or mothers in labor it may be life-threatening; in addition, Israeli security forces have great enforcement latitude; orders are issued verbally, not in writing, and soldiers at checkpoints can pretty much do as they please, depending on their mood. -- Normas son tan duras y tortuoso nuevas restricciones que se imponen en algunas carreteras los palestinos podrán utilizar, un ejemplo de ello es que prohíbe los vehículos palestinos de cruzar una carretera, que requieren los pasajeros a abandonar sus vehículos por un lado, cruzar a pie, y obtener otros medios de transporte en la otro lado, lo que crea grandes dificultades, es sólo para hostigar, y en los casos de enfermedad o de pasajeros en trabajo de las madres puede ser la vida en peligro y, además, las fuerzas de seguridad israelíes tienen una gran aplicación de latitud; se emiten órdenes verbalmente, no por escrito, y los soldados en los puestos de control puede hacer casi lo que quieran, dependiendo de su estado de ánimo.

(4) harsh travel laws act as deterrence; they impose high fines and/or insurance requirements; Palestinian violators are treated discriminatorily; and a high percentage of drivers are affected. (4) las leyes duras de viaje actuar como disuasión, sino que imponen elevadas multas y / o requisitos de seguro; palestinos son tratados los infractores discriminatoria, y un alto porcentaje de los conductores se ven afectados.

To counter public criticism, Israel issued two selective easing measures; they help some Palestinians but tighten movement restrictions for others: Para contrarrestar las críticas públicas, Israel emitió dos medidas de reducción selectiva, que ayudan a algunos palestinos, sino endurecer las restricciones a la circulación para los demás:

(1) the permits regime; since 1991, Israel required Palestinians to have personal entry permits to enter its territory and East Jerusalem; after 1996, Palestinians also needed permits to enter West Bank jurisdictional areas; post-September 2000, rules were further tightened; some Palestinians must have permits to enter, remain in, or leave large areas inside the West Bank, including the “seam zone” and areas under siege; other permits are needed to arrange (passenger and commercial) vehicular checkpoint crossings; a limited number are allowed based on the capacity of security forces to inspect vehicles, goods and passengers; (1) el régimen de permisos, desde 1991, Israel exige a palestinos han personales permisos de entrada para entrar en su territorio y Jerusalén oriental, a partir de 1996, los palestinos también necesitan permiso para entrar en Cisjordania áreas jurisdiccionales; después de septiembre de 2000, fueron más las normas más estrictas; algunos palestinos deben tener permiso para entrar, permanecer, o salir de grandes zonas dentro de la Ribera Occidental, incluida la "zona de separación" y las zonas en estado de sitio; otros permisos son necesarios para organizar (de pasajeros y comerciales) de control de cruces de vehículos, un número limitado son permite, basándose en la capacidad de las fuerzas de seguridad para inspeccionar los vehículos, mercancías y pasajeros;

– B’Tselem lists nine different type permits for passenger vehicles - commercial ones; public ones for taxis and buses; movement in areas under encirclement; humanitarian ones; for permanent “seam zone” residents; for daily “seam zone” entry; “seam zone” entry for farming or work; and to enter the Jordan Valley; -- B'Tselem nueve listas diferentes tipos de permisos para vehículos de pasajeros - los comerciales; públicos de taxis y autobuses; circulación en las zonas bajo el encierro; de carácter humanitario; permanente de "zona de separación" residentes en el país; para el día a día "zona de separación" entrada "; costura zona de "entrada para la agricultura o el trabajo, y para entrar en el valle del Jordán;

– movement restrictions and prohibitions are so onerous and for so many reasons that Israelis consider permits a privilege; for Palestinians, they’re essential to meet daily needs; West Bank District Coordination Offices (DCOs) issue them, but procedures are unclear and lack transparency; B’Tselem believes “two general and sweeping criteria must be met” to get one: -- Restricciones a la circulación y las prohibiciones son tan onerosas y por tantas razones que los israelíes consideran un privilegio permisos; para los palestinos, son esenciales para satisfacer las necesidades diarias; Ribera Occidental Coordinación de las Oficinas de Distrito (DCOs) cuestión, pero no están claros los procedimientos y la falta de transparencia ; B'Tselem considera "dos generales y amplios criterios deben cumplirse" para obtener uno:

(a) “lack of ‘prevention,’ either for security or police-related reasons relating to the applicant,” and (a) "la falta de« prevención », ya sea por seguridad o policiales relacionadas con motivos relacionados con la demandante," y

(b) having documents to show justification for the request. (b) los documentos para demostrar la justificación de la solicitud.

Quotas exist in all cases; when they’re filled, many qualified residents are left out; in addition, other qualifying procedures exist but are unstated; ultimately DCO officials have total discretion in awarding or denying permits and can be pretty arbitrary about it; “seam zone” residents provide an example of what all Palestinians endure; to get a permit to their own home area, they must prove they reside there from their ID card address on the day the declaration of closed military area was made or in some other way show their center of life is there; those getting one are allowed entry via one checkpoint only; Los cupos existen en todos los casos, cuando están llenos, muchos residentes calificados son dejados de lado; además, otros procedimientos de calificación existen, pero son tácita; ACA en última instancia, los funcionarios tienen total discreción en la concesión o denegación de permisos y pueden ser muy arbitraria al respecto; " zona de separación "residentes proporcionar un ejemplo de lo que todos los palestinos soportar; para obtener un permiso para su propia zona de origen, deben demostrar que residen allí de su tarjeta de identificación de dirección en el día en que la declaración de zona militar cerrada se hizo o de alguna otra manera demostrar su centro de la vida está ahí, los recibiendo uno se permite la entrada a través de un sólo puesto de control;

(2) So-called “fabric of life” roads for Palestinians only; the West Bank’s main roads are only for Jews; initially, those for Palestinians passed through villages and city centers, but because of criticism an alternate plan was developed - creating a separate, contiguous road network running north-south in the West Bank; it’s based on separate levels in places where Israeli and Palestinian roads meet; bridges and interchanges achieve separation with Israelis able to travel on top at high speed; lower level “fabric of life” roads comprising 20% of the West Bank’s total are for Palestinians; elements of the plan have been implemented and “fabric of life” roads are being built; they represent another part of Israel’s repressive apartheid scheme. (2) La denominada "trama de la vida" carreteras sólo para los palestinos, la Ribera Occidental de la principales carreteras son sólo para los Judios, inicialmente, para los palestinos pasa a través de las aldeas y centros urbanos, sino porque la crítica de un plan alternativo fue desarrollado -- la creación de un separado, contiguo red de carreteras corriendo de norte a sur en la Ribera Occidental, sino que está basada en separar los niveles en los lugares donde israelíes y palestinos cumplir con las carreteras; puentes e intercambiadores lograr la separación con los israelíes pueden viajar en la parte superior a alta velocidad; nivel más bajo "Tejido de la vida" que comprende las carreteras un 20% de la Ribera Occidental del total son para los palestinos; elementos del plan se han llevado a cabo y "trama de la vida" las carreteras se están construyendo, sino que representan a otra parte de Israel del represivo régimen del apartheid.

Splitting the West Bank La división de la Ribera Occidental

Article 13 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights states: El artículo 13 del 1948 Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos dice lo siguiente:

(1) “Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state. (1) "Toda persona tiene derecho a la libertad de circulación y residencia dentro de las fronteras de cada estado.

(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.” (2) Toda persona tiene derecho a salir de cualquier país, incluso del propio, ya regresar a su país. "

Israel is a serial international law and human rights abuser. Israel es una serie derecho internacional y los derechos humanos abusador. For Palestinians, it believes allowing free movement is a privilege, denying it is the norm, and actions no matter how outlandish require no explanation or justification. Para los palestinos, considera que permitan la libre circulación es un privilegio, por lo que no es la norma, y las acciones no importa cómo outlandish no requieren explicación ni justificación.

Israel divided the West Bank into three control areas - A, B and C. For purposes of restricting movement, it further split the Territory into six geographical units: Israel divide la Ribera Occidental en tres zonas de control - A, B y C. A los efectos de la restricción de circulación, además dividir el territorio en seis unidades geográficas:

– North that includes the Jenin, Tulkarm, Tubas and Nablus districts, except for those in the Jordan Valley and Separation Wall enclaves; about 840,000 Palestinians lived in this area as of summer 2007; today the number is somewhat higher; -- Norte que incluye la de Jenin, Tulkarem, Naplusa y Tubas distritos, a excepción de aquellos en el Valle del Jordán y el muro de separación enclaves; unos 840000 palestinos vivían en esta zona a partir del verano de 2007, hoy el número es algo mayor;

– Central that includes the Salfit, Ramallah, and Jericho districts, except for parts in the Separation Wall enclaves; in summer 2007, the Palestinian population exceeded 400,000; -- Central que incluye la Salfit, Ramallah, Jericó y distritos, excepto para las partes en el muro de separación enclaves; en el verano de 2007, la población palestina superó 400000;

– South that includes the Hebron and Bethlehem districts, except for the northern Dead Sea and Separation Wall enclaves; Palestinians here number over 700,000; -- Sur que incluye el de Hebrón y Belén distritos, a excepción de la zona norte del Mar Muerto y el muro de separación enclaves; aquí palestinos ascienden a más de 700000;

– the Jordan Valley and northern Dead Sea that includes the eastern strip of the West Bank, except for Jericho and nearby refugee camps; the Palestinian population is around 10,000; -- El valle del Jordán y al norte del Mar Muerto que incluye la franja oriental de la Ribera Occidental, con excepción de Jericó y los alrededores de los campamentos de refugiados, la población palestina es de alrededor de 10000;

– the Separation Wall-created “seam zone” and inside the West Bank “internal” enclaves; when the Wall is completed, the “seam zone” Palestinian population will number about 30,000; an additional 25,000 will be in “internal” enclaves; the “seam zone” also contains thousands of Palestinian farmland dunams (a dunam equals about one fourth of an acre) and 39 settlements; unlike the other geographical units, the enclaves are dozens of non-contiguous sections that are separated from the rest of the West Bank; and -- El muro de separación creada "zona de separación" y dentro de la Ribera Occidental "interior" enclaves, cuando el Muro se complete, la "zona de separación" población palestina se acerca el número 30000, un adicional de 25000 será en "interior" enclaves; el "Zona de separación" también contiene miles de tierras agrícolas palestinas dunams (un dunam equivale a aproximadamente una cuarta parte de un acre) y 39 asentamientos, a diferencia de las otras unidades geográficas, los enclaves son decenas de no contiguas secciones que se separan del resto de Occidente Banco, y

– East Jerusalem that includes all the area Israel annexed in 1967 and is attached to the Jerusalem Municipality, except for the Shu’afat refugee camp and Kfar Aqeb that the Wall separates from the city; around 200,000 Palestinians live in this section. -- Jerusalén oriental, que incluye toda el área anexa Israel en 1967 y se adjunta a la municipalidad de Jerusalén, excepto para el campamento de refugiados de Shu'afat y Kfar Aqeb que el muro separa de la ciudad, alrededor de 200000 palestinos viven en esta sección.

All geographical units are constricted by Israel’s rigid control system explained above. Todas las unidades geográficas son limitadas por parte de Israel del rígido sistema de control se ha explicado anteriormente. Below are the checkpoints that control movement from one section to another: Abajo están los puestos de control que controlan el movimiento de una sección a otra:

– Za’tara (Tupuah) Checkpoint controls North to Central sections movement; in addition, the IDF directs to this checkpoint all west and east traffic along the Trans-Samaria highway and from Route 60 from Nablus in the north and Ramallah in the southwest and south; Palestinians may generally pass freely heading north; those traveling south encounter ID and sometimes vehicle checks; delays are common; males aged 16 - 35 often aren’t allowed to go south. -- Za'tara (Tupuah) puestos de control a Central Norte secciones circulación; además, las FDI dirige a este punto de verificación todos oeste y el este tráfico a lo largo de la Trans-Samaria y de la autopista Ruta 60 de Naplusa, al norte de Ramallah y en el sudoeste y sur; palestinos lo general pasan libremente en dirección norte, los que viajan al sur ID encuentro y, a veces, los controles de vehículos; las demoras son comunes; varones de 16 años de edad - 35 a menudo no se les permite ir al sur.

– Container Checkpoint almost totally controls movement between the South and Central sections; Border Police staff it round the clock; from 2002 to February 2007, passenger cars were prohibited without a special permit; it’s now cancelled; since September 2000, Palestinians have been prohibited from using Route 398 that runs from the checkpoint to the Ma’ale Adumim and Qedar settlements; Palestinians are diverted to other worn roads of nearby villages; Palestinian traffic passing through the checkpoint are subjected to lengthy delays and at times searches; when Israel declares a comprehensive closure, it applies to this checkpoint; it severs the southern West Bank from the rest of the Territory and requires Palestinians traveling to or from the South to do it by foot. -- Container Checkpoint casi totalmente controla el movimiento entre el Sur y Central secciones; Policía de Fronteras personal que ronda el reloj; de 2002 a febrero de 2007, los turismos fueron prohibidos sin un permiso especial, es ahora cancelado; desde septiembre de 2000, los palestinos han sido prohibido el uso de la Ruta 398 que va desde el puesto de control a la Ma'ale Adumim y Qedar asentamientos palestinos se desvían a otros desgastados caminos de las aldeas cercanas; palestino tráfico que pasa por el puesto de control se ven sometidos a largas demoras y, a veces, las búsquedas, cuando Israel declara un cierre, se aplica a este puesto de control, sino que rompe el sur de la Ribera Occidental del resto del territorio y requiere de palestinos que viajan desde o hacia el sur a hacerlo a pie.

– Tayasir, Hamra, Gittit and Yitav checkpoints control movement to and from the Jordan Valley. -- Tayasir, Hamra, Gittit y Yitav los puestos de control de control de circulación hacia y desde el valle del Jordán. In May 2005, Israel instituted sweeping Palestinian movement prohibitions here, except for residents with ID cards and persons with special permits. En mayo de 2005, Israel instituido movimiento radical palestino prohibiciones aquí, excepto para los residentes con tarjetas de identificación y las personas con permisos especiales. They were cancelled in April 2007, it affects only pedestrians and those using public transportation (that also requires a permit), and applies only to the Tayasir and Hamra crossings. Ellos fueron cancelados en abril de 2007, que sólo afecta a los peatones y los que utilizan el transporte público (que también requiere un permiso), y sólo se aplica a la Tayasir Hamra y cruces.

– Almog Checkpoint that controls movement to and from the northern Dead Sea; generally only Palestinians with work permits for nearby settlements and/or to enter Israel may pass; since May 2007, the latter category was cancelled. -- Almog Checkpoint que controla el movimiento hacia y desde el norte del Mar Muerto; general, sólo los palestinos con permisos de trabajo para los asentamientos cercanos y / o para entrar en Israel pueden pasar; desde mayo de 2007, la última categoría ha sido anulada.

– the Separation Wall directs movement between the “seam zone” enclaves and the rest of the West Bank to several gates in the Wall; only Palestinians with special entry permits may pass; 38 gates are in place; only six operate daily from 12 to 24 hours continuously; 17 others open two or three times a day for 30 minutes to two hours; 13 additional ones operate during farming season; two other gates allow movement of residents of a few houses that are enclosed by the Wall and separated from their village; still other crossings are for Israeli travel between the West Bank and Israel; they operate round the clock. -- El muro de separación dirige el movimiento entre la "zona de separación" enclaves y el resto de la Ribera Occidental a varias puertas en el muro; sólo los palestinos con permisos especiales de entrada pueden pasar 38; puertas están en su lugar; sólo seis funcionan todos los días de 12 a 24 horas continuamente; otros 17 abrir dos o tres veces al día durante 30 minutos a dos horas, 13 nuevos puestos en funcionamiento durante la temporada agrícola; otras dos puertas de permitir el movimiento de los residentes de algunas casas que están cercadas por el muro y separada de su aldea; otros cruces son para viajar entre los israelíes de Cisjordania y de Israel, sino que operan alrededor del reloj.

– the Separation Wall also directs movement between East Jerusalem and the rest of the West Bank; this section is called the “Jerusalem envelope” and has 12 checkpoints; crossing (permitted only through four of them) requires a valid ID and permit and submitting to stringent checks; they include exiting vehicles, having them searched, and passing through a revolving gate equipped with a metal detector; the remaining eight checkpoints are for settlers, Israeli residents and East Jerusalem Palestinians with Israeli IDs. -- El muro de separación también dirige el movimiento entre Jerusalén oriental y el resto de la Ribera Occidental; esta sección se llama "sobre Jerusalén" y cuenta con 12 puestos de control; cruce (permitida sólo a través de cuatro de ellos) requiere un número de identificación válido y permiso y presentar al estrictos controles, que incluyen vehículos de salir, después de haber buscado ellos, y que pasa a través de una puerta giratoria equipado con un detector de metales; los restantes ocho puestos de control son para los colonos israelíes residentes en Jerusalén oriental y los palestinos con Israel IDs.

In addition to area to area restrictions, Israel tightens them further with others within areas by breaking them into sub-areas and controlling movement between them. Además de una zona a otra restricciones, Israel refuerza más a fondo con otros dentro de las zonas de ruptura en sub-zonas y el control de movimiento entre ellos. Nablus in the North is separated from nearby villages and from other northern West Bank districts. Naplusa en el norte se separa de las aldeas cercanas y de otras norte de la Ribera Occidental distritos.

The Nablus area includes the city, three refugee camps and 15 villages that contain over 200,000 Palestinians combined. La zona de Naplusa incluye la ciudad, tres campos de refugiados y 15 aldeas que contienen más de 200000 palestinos combinado. It’s been under siege for seven years; entry and exit is through four surrounding checkpoints; passage through them entails stringent personal and vehicle checks, including for all merchandise in both directions; and special permits are required for passenger vehicle entry. Ha sido sitiada durante siete años; entrada y salida es a través de cuatro puestos de control que rodean; paso a través de ellos implica personales y estrictos controles de vehículos, incluso para toda la mercancía en ambas direcciones, y permisos especiales son necesarios para la entrada de vehículos de pasajeros.

Collective Nablus movement prohibitions are harsh and unique in the Territory. Colectivo de Naplusa el movimiento prohibiciones son duras y único en el Territorio. Males between 16 and 35 are especially affected, but they overall disrupt life for everyone. Los hombres entre 16 y 35 se ven especialmente afectados, pero en general perturbar la vida de todos. The restricted male population alone affects 26,000 persons. La población masculina restringida solo afecta a 26000 personas. If the age is lowered to 15, it rises to 36,000, and if females are included (as sometimes happens) it totals 73,000. Si la edad se reduce a 15, que se eleva a 36000, y si se incluyen las mujeres (como ocurre a veces) que asciende a 73000. This group is the area’s main work force, its entire economic life depends on them, and prohibiting their movement brings it to a halt. Este grupo es el área principal de la fuerza de trabajo, toda su vida económica depende de ellos, así como la prohibición de su movimiento aporta a la suspensión.

When it’s in force, siege conditions vary by checkpoint for those allowed through. Cuando está en vigor, las condiciones varían de sitio de control para los autorizados a través de. The two main Beit Iba and Huwara ones inflict the longest and most burdensome delays and restrictions. Los dos principales Beit Iba Huwara y los infligir los más largos y onerosos retrasos y restricciones. In addition, all persons having a “risk profile” because of age are forbidden to leave the area and need a “movement permit in area under encirclement” if they want to exit. Además, todas las personas que tengan un "perfil de riesgo" a causa de edad tienen prohibido salir de la zona y la necesidad de un "permiso de circulación en la zona bajo cerco" si quieren salir. However, it’s not easy getting one with a convoluted system in place that requires a party permitted to cross to apply for persons who aren’t and even they can’t do it easily. Sin embargo, no es fácil conseguir uno con un sistema tortuoso en el lugar que requiere una de las partes permite cruzar a aplicar para las personas que no son y aún no pueden hacerlo fácilmente. In addition, permits aren’t issued for “ordinary” needs, such as work, family visits or school. Además, los permisos no son publicados para "ordinarias" las necesidades, como el trabajo, las visitas familiares o de la escuela. Those considered are only for “humanitarian” reasons like needed medical care. Los que se consideran son solo para "humanitaria" razones como la atención médica necesaria. Few overall are issued. Pocos general se emiten.

The Nablus siege also restricts movement in the Jenin Tulkarm and Tubas districts. El asedio de Naplusa también restringe la circulación en Jenin y Tulkarem Tubas distritos. Nablus is vital for them and for years was the West Bank’s economic and industrial center. Naplusa es vital para ellos y para los años fue la Ribera Occidental y económica del centro industrial. Now these districts are separated, and major roads between them are blocked. Ahora estos barrios están separados, y las principales carreteras entre ellas están bloqueadas. In the past, traveling from Jenin to Nablus took about 40 minutes on the main road. En el pasado, viajando de Jenin a Naplusa tomó unos 40 minutos en la carretera principal. It now takes one to three hours on narrow, winding roads plus a long wait at one of the Nablus area checkpoints. Ahora toma una a tres horas en estrechas y sinuosas carreteras además de una larga espera en una de la zona de Naplusa los puestos de control.

Over the past two years especially, accessing Nablus has been hard and complicated for villagers located to its north. En los dos últimos años especialmente, el acceso a Naplusa ha sido difícil y complicado para que los aldeanos se encuentra a su norte. Checkpoint access is limited, some are closed to traffic, and those that operate have delays running up to hours. De control de acceso es limitada, algunos están cerrados al tráfico, y las que operan tienen retrasos en funcionamiento hasta horas. In addition, soldiers at times block road traffic for several hours, no advance notice is given, and it causes undue hardship for travelers having to wait or use alternate routes. Además, los soldados a veces bloquear el tráfico por carretera durante varias horas, previo aviso no se da, y que causa un gravamen excesivo para los viajeros tener que esperar o utilizar rutas alternativas. The IDF is also at times punitive. Las FDI también es a veces punitivas. It sets up indiscriminate flying checkpoints, uses them for punishment, and makes it harsher with instances of violence and confiscation of permits and identity cards that can only be redeemed at a permanent checkpoint that may or may not be operating. En él se establecen puestos de control indiscriminado de vuelo, las utiliza para el castigo, y lo hace con los casos más severos de violencia y la confiscación de los permisos y tarjetas de identidad que sólo pueden ser canjeados en un puesto de control permanente que pueden o no estar en funcionamiento.

The Central Section splitting caused much the same type hardships. La sección central de reparto causado mucho el mismo tipo de penurias. It created two principal sub-areas around Salfit and Ramallah. Creó dos principales sub-áreas alrededor de Ramallah y Salfit. It detached some of these cities’ villages and separated them from their residents’ farmland. Por separado algunas de estas ciudades y aldeas separadas de sus residentes "las tierras de cultivo.

After the IDF blocked Salfit’s main entrance road from the north, alternate routes became necessary, and they lengthened travel times considerably. Después de las FDI Salfit bloqueado la entrada principal carretera del norte, se convirtieron en rutas alternativas necesarias, y se alargó considerablemente los tiempos de viaje. It created great hardship for travelers who rely on Nablus for basic services and also for villagers who are blocked from their farmland. Creó grandes dificultades para los viajeros que dependen de Naplusa para los servicios básicos y también para que los aldeanos que están bloqueadas desde sus tierras de cultivo. Sixty-six thousand people are affected. Sesenta y seis mil personas se ven afectadas.

It’s even worse for the 300,000 Ramallah district residents in a city that’s the West Bank’s seat of government because Israel denies East Jerusalem that status. Es aún peor para los 300000 residentes en el distrito de Ramallah en una ciudad que es la Ribera Occidental asiento del gobierno de Israel ya Jerusalén oriental niega esa condición. In addition, after undo restrictions and hardships caused many Palestinian entrepreneurs to leave Nablus and the northern West Bank, Ramallah developed into the Territory’s cultural and economic center. Además, después de deshacer las restricciones y penurias causadas muchos los empresarios palestinos a abandonar Naplusa y el norte de Cisjordania, Ramala desarrollado en el territorio cultural y centro económico. Obstructions, checkpoints and the Separation Wall demarcate the area and combined make movement just as hard as throughout the rest of the West Bank. Obstrucciones, los puestos de control y el muro de separación demarcar la zona y circulación combinada de sólo hacer tan difícil como todo el resto de la Ribera Occidental.

It’s the same for Jericho’s 40,000 residents. Es la misma de Jericó para 40.000 residentes. In addition, for 10,000 of them in the north in the besieged Jordan Valley, they’re separated from the city, and for those in the east there’s another obstacle - 19 km of trenches and land east of it that’sa closed military area. Además, para 10000 de ellos en el norte en el valle del Jordán sitiados, que están separados de la ciudad, y para aquellos en el este hay otro obstáculo - 19 kilómetros de trincheras y la tierra al este de que eso es militar cerrada zona.

The South section’s splitting has been less conspicuous, but it hasn’t made movement easier. El Sur de la sección de reparto ha sido menos conspicua, pero no ha hecho más fácil circulación. Most notably since September 2000, have been restrictions in Route 60’s southern section that runs the entire length of the southern West Bank and is this subsection’s principal roadway. Cabe destacar que desde septiembre de 2000, han sido las restricciones en la Ruta 60 sur de la sección que corre a todo lo largo del sur de la Ribera Occidental y es esta subsección de la carretera principal. Access roads to the Route are now blocked, over time some have been eased, but use of the road remains limited. Las carreteras de acceso a las carreteras están bloqueadas ahora, con el tiempo algunos se han reducido, pero la utilización de la carretera sigue siendo limitada.

Most harmed are residents in towns and villages in Hebron’s southern area. La mayoría de perjudicados son los residentes en las ciudades y aldeas, en Hebrón, al sur del área. To reach the city, they must use long, winding, beat-up roads that are no substitute for decent ones. Para llegar a la ciudad, se debe utilizar de largo, sinuoso, beat-up caminos que no son sustitutos de decente. Once the Separation Wall is completed east of the Efrat and Gush Atzion settlements, Route 60’s northern quarter in the South section will be on the Wall’s Israeli side and completely off-limits to Palestinians. Una vez que el muro de separación se ha completado el este de Efrat y los asentamientos de Gush Atzion, Ruta 60 del norte en la cuarta sección del Sur será en el muro del lado israelí y completamente fuera de los límites a los palestinos. As a result, Bethlehem will be separated from Jerusalem as well as the main road to Hebron with all the hardships that will create. Como resultado, Belén serán separados de Jerusalén, así como la carretera principal a Hebrón con todas las dificultades que va a crear.

Consider how they affect Hebron. Considere la manera en que afectan a Hebrón. It’s the only Palestinian West Bank city (other than East Jerusalem that Israel annexed in 1967) with an Israeli settlement in its center. Es la única Ribera Occidental palestina la ciudad (con excepción de Jerusalén oriental que Israel se anexa en 1967) con un asentamiento israelí en su centro. Because of it, the IDF created a contiguous strip of land through the city over which Palestinian vehicles are prohibited. Por ello, las FDI creado una contigua franja de tierra a través de la ciudad sobre la que los vehículos palestinos están prohibidas. It runs from the Kiryat Arba settlement in the east to the Palestinian Tel Rumeida neighborhood in the west, and in many sections along its center, Palestinian pedestrians are banned. Funciona desde el asentamiento de Kiryat Arba en el este a los palestinos barrio Tel Rumeida, en el oeste, y en muchas secciones a lo largo de su centro, los palestinos están prohibidos los peatones. The main Shuhada Street is most affected. La principal calle Shuhada es el más afectado. In addition, the strip blocks Hebron’s main north-south artery harming the entire Palestinian population. Además, la franja de Hebrón bloques principales de norte-sur arteria perjudicar a toda la población palestina.

Jordan Valley and northern Dead Sea restrictions involve the use of Route 90 that runs the entire length of the section. Valle del Jordán y al norte del Mar Muerto restricciones implican el uso de la Ruta 90 que corre a todo lo largo de la sección. Israel operates five checkpoints here for control. Israel opera cinco puestos de control para el control aquí. Only public transportation and vehicles with special permits may pass. Sólo el transporte público y vehículos con permisos especiales pueden pasar. That frees the Route for settlers and Israelis traveling between Jerusalem and the Beit She’an Valley, the Sea of Galilee, or the Galilee area in the north. Que libera la ruta para los colonos y los israelíes que viajan entre Jerusalén y el Valle de Beit She'an, el Mar de Galilea, o la zona de Galilea en el norte. It also allows the IDF to use large Jordan Valley sections as fire-exercise zones and close off much of their water and grazing areas to Palestinians. También permite el uso de las FDI a gran valle del Jordán secciones como el fuego ejercicio zonas y cerrar gran parte de su agua y áreas de pastoreo a los palestinos.

Dozens of non-contiguous “seam-zone” enclaves are also affected. Docenas de no contiguos "costura la zona" enclaves también se ven afectados. The Separation Wall separates them by winding back and forth between the Green Line and deep into the West Bank. El muro de separación separa de disolución de ida y vuelta entre la Línea Verde y profunda en la Ribera Occidental. They all contain Palestinian farmland on the barrier’s Israeli side. Todos ellos contienen las tierras de cultivo palestinas en la barrera del lado israelí. Some also include villages where 30,000 Palestinians live. Algunos también incluyen pueblos donde viven 30000 palestinos. Because they aren’t connected, crossing from one subsection to another at best is hard and at worst impossible. Debido a que no están conectados, cruce de la subsección uno a otro, en el mejor es muy duro y en el peor, imposible. It forces travelers to cross the Wall twice with all the hardships that entails. Obliga a los viajeros para cruzar el Muro en dos ocasiones con todas las dificultades que entraña. Further, since permits are for one enclave only, entering another one requires a second permit. Además, puesto que los permisos son para un enclave único, a otro requiere un permiso de un segundo.

The Separation Wall then can be divided into five sections plus the Jerusalem area, and each one contains separate enclaves. El muro de separación entonces puede ser dividido en cinco secciones además de la zona de Jerusalén, y cada uno contiene enclaves separados. Combined they form a crazy quilt isolation pattern with physical obstacles and human repression used against a defenseless civilian population. Combinados forman una loca colcha patrón de aislamiento con obstáculos físicos y humanos utilizados represión contra una población civil indefensa.

Internal community and farmland enclaves are affected as well but not by having to pass through the Wall or obtain permits. Interior de la Comunidad y los enclaves agrícolas se ven afectados también pero no por tener que pasar a través de la pared o en obtener permisos. However, roads that used to connect them have been closed making travel times longer and more complicated. Sin embargo, las carreteras que utilizan para conectar ellos se han cerrado los tiempos de viaje más largos y complicados. When completed, the Wall’s route will create 13 non-contiguous internal enclaves for about 240,000 Palestinians in dozens of towns and villages. Cuando se haya completado, el muro de la ruta creará 13 no contiguas interior enclaves alrededor de 240000 palestinos en docenas de ciudades y pueblos.

East Jerusalem is the final section. Jerusalén Oriental es la última sección. Israeli Arabs with identity cards may move about fairly freely with one notable exception. Los árabes israelíes con los documentos de identidad pueden circular libremente acerca bastante con una notable excepción. It’s the use of temporary checkpoints (so-called “collection” ones) to collect resident tax debts. Es el uso temporal de los puestos de control (los llamados "colección" queridos) para recoger residentes deudas tributarias. They operate a few hours at a time on main neighborhood roads where Israeli Police (usually Border Police) provide security along with tax officials to do the collecting. Ellos operan unas pocas horas en un momento en las principales carreteras barrio donde la Policía israelí (por lo general la policía de fronteras) prestar servicios de seguridad junto con los funcionarios fiscales para hacer la recogida. Police stop cars, collectors do the rest, but never to Jerusalem’s Jewish residents. Policía detener los automóviles, coleccionistas de hacer el resto, pero nunca a Jerusalén de los residentes judíos.

Harm to Palestinians’ Fabric of Life El daño a los palestinos' Fabric of Life

West Bank separation and division inflicts great harm to Palestinians’ fabric of life in the short and longer term. This section examines how.

First consider health as a fundamental human right and how restricting movement affects it. Ill persons needing treatment are greatly impeded reaching medical centers. The quality and availability of service is hampered as well by delaying or restricting physicians and staff. First aid crews also aren’t able to reach the sick and injured quickly. Even when situations aren’t life threatening, movement restrictions increase morbidity chances and may shorten a life span.

Overall, West Bank Palestinians have limited or no access to medical care, and residents of villages and outlying areas are most gravely affected. Then consider so-called “risk profile” people being denied passage through checkpoints. Another example is persons needing a permit for access to Jerusalem hospital treatment. To get one, patients must provide medical documents testifying to their illness and confirming their appointment at a specific hospital.

The situation is especially problematic for pregnant women when their time to deliver approaches and their hospital is in Jerusalem. Permits are valid only for one or two days, as it is for all ill persons, but the moment when it’s needed is uncertain. They must thus be continually renewed, and there are times when it’s impossible. It thus forces mothers to give birth at checkpoints because they’re denied passage through them.

In 1996, the Physicians for Human Rights petitioned the State Attorney’s office for relief and nominally got it - to allow passage through checkpoints without permits in cases of medical emergency so ill persons can be treated. All checkpoint locations are supposed to comply, but it turns out they don’t. Soldiers don’t treat Palestinians kindly, are unresponsive to their needs, and are untrained medically to recognize emergencies.

Patients encounter other obstacles as well. Their travel is slowed by having to use long, winding and worn roads; they’re sometimes blocked causing long delays; they have no access to ambulances or other transportation; must pass through checkpoints when they do or by foot; be up against closed ones; be forced to wait at open ones; and undergo searches. Their travel is slowed by having to use long, winding and worn roads; they’re sometimes blocked causing long delays; they have no access to ambulances or other transportation; must pass through checkpoints when they do or by foot; be up against closed ones ; be forced to wait at open ones; and undergo searches.

These problems make people more dependent on first aid that can’t cope in emergency cases where special expertise is required. At times, long distances are involved, and when need is greatest, it means lives are endangered. This is what Palestinians endure daily.

Movement restrictions also affect hospitals, especially East Jerusalem ones that are considered the OPT’s best because they provide services unavailable elsewhere in the Territories. East Jerusalem’s separation from the rest of the West Bank and needing a permit to enter is the problem. It affects staff and patients with the situation at al-Makassed Hospital typical. Twelve of its workers live outside the city and are classified “prevented entry.” They have no permits. Even workers with them face long checkpoint delays or their closure when Israel wishes.

Restricting free movement also impacts health care professionals from developing their skills through in-service training. Students as well are affected, are unable to complete their studies or receive a lower professional training degree. It places Palestinians needing medical care in a hopeless situation. They’re unable to move freely or receive expert care if they can.

B’Tselem’s report is on the West Bank. Gaza is another matter, and since Israel’s June 2007 siege, 130 in the Territory have died because they couldn’t be treated. Their deaths are in addition to the hundreds of others from near daily incursions that continue without letup.

Movement restrictions also greatly affect the OPT’s economy and trade. Post-September 2000, it’s been in deep depression. GDP has declined around 40%, unemployment stands at about 80%, and the poverty level is punishing. It’s how Israel and Washington planned it to bring the Territories to their knees and demand surrender as the price for relief.

At present, look how working conditions and transport of goods are affected. Palestinians could once travel freely outside their communities to jobs. No longer, and many lost out and have no means of employment. Employers as well are affected. They lost workers, had to scale back their operations or shut them down entirely.

The same hardships apply to transporting goods. They can no longer move freely, permits are required, they’re hard to get, travel times are longer even with them, at much greater cost, and an example is trade between Nablus and Ramallah. The cost is fourfold what it was in 2002, the result is greatly reduced trade, it’s forced merchants to concentrate more on their own communities and those nearby, and the result is far less commerce overall that severely impacts everyone.

Here’s what’s involved to move goods between Nablus and East Jerusalem:

– permits are needed;

– a quota restricts the number;

– goods allowed to be transported endure the so-called “back-to-back” method; at point of shipment they’re loaded; then stopped at a checkpoint; unloaded; inspected by mechanical scanner, manually, and/or by dogs; they’re then reloaded on another truck for delivery; – goods allowed to be transported endure the so-called “back-to-back” method; at point of shipment they’re loaded; then stopped at a checkpoint; unloaded; inspected by mechanical scanner, manually, and/or by dogs; they’re then reloaded on another truck for delivery;

– damage is frequent because of extra handling and Israelis aren’t too gentle about it;

– delays are the rule and they’re costly;

– transport requires passing through other checkpoints and repeating the whole procedure again that may be more or less stringent depending on the whims of inspectors;

– when the Separation Wall is completed, transport will be even harder and its cost greater.

Tourism is also affected. Between the Oslo Accords and September 2000, cities like Bethlehem were desired destinations. No longer because of difficulties getting there and how hard it is to move around. The result is privately owned tourist sites throughout the West Bank have closed or have greatly cut back. An example is the Barahameh family’s park in al-Badhan, a village 10 km north of Nablus. Getting there from Ramallah means passing through four permanent checkpoints plus whatever flying ones are up for the day. The result is wasted hours to spend a day at the park, and most tourists won’t do it.

Small businesses like stores, souvenir shops and restaurants are also impacted. Many close down or operate at a fraction of their former levels. A World Bank West Bank report cites movement restrictions and their costs as two major obstacles affecting a healthy Palestinian economy.

They affect farming as well in areas like the Jordan Valley and “seam zone.” Agriculture is an important source of Palestinians’ income. Farmers need permits for it in these areas. Many are denied and their livelihoods destroyed or greatly impacted. Farm workers are also affected. They, too, need permits, but even having them means putting up with long travel times and exhausting days. Many workers won’t do it it so farmers lose a vital work force and the ability to grow their crops productively.

Farmer and merchant Husni Muhammad ‘Adb a-Rahman Sawafteh is an example of what others like him endure:

– he lives, works and farms in Tubas; he and his brothers have a house and 250 dunams of land in Bardala, a northern Jordan Valley village; they also have livestock;

– to reach Bardala, they must pass through Tayasir checkpoint; doing it involves “much difficulty;” it affects their workers as well;

– to sell their produce, they need to reach Bardala, but the hardship forces Sawafteh to manage things by phone; it’s inadequate because it’s vital to be current on prices and dealer payments that requires being in Bardala to do it;

– sometimes he can’t be for a month; the result is dealers send “payment on account” and pay less than the amount owed; their back due debts accumulate; being there is essential to handle things; when he can’t do it, he hasn’t enough money for materials to fertilize the land and grow crops; – sometimes he can’t be for a month; the result is dealers send “payment on account” and pay less than the amount owed; their back due debts accumulate; being there is essential to handle things; when he can’t do it , he hasn’t enough money for materials to fertilize the land and grow crops;

– caring for the livestock is another problem; they need daily care; Sawafteh had to build a new Tubas farm to do it, but it was lacking; Tubas hasn’t enough grazing land so the flock can’t do it daily as they need to; he thus has to buy them food; it’s an additional expense he can’t afford; – caring for the livestock is another problem; they need daily care; Sawafteh had to build a new Tubas farm to do it, but it was lacking; Tubas hasn’t enough grazing land so the flock can’t do it daily as they need to; he thus has to buy them food; it’s an additional expense he can’t afford;

– he and other farmers have an additional problem as well; they need permits for themselves but also for their tractors and farm vehicles; it forces most of them to go long distances on foot or donkeys;

– it also restricts what crops can be grown; restrictions forced farmers like Sawafteh to forgo higher revenue-generating ones like tomatoes and cucumbers and switch to less labor intensive ones like wheat;

– some farmers give up altogether and let their land lie fallow rather than risk economic failure or work under onerous conditions.

Family and social life are also affected. Palestinian community life is based on extended familial ties even though members don’t often live in the same towns and villages. Movement restrictions and inability to get permits prevent their ability to see each other, and it’s especially felt in the “seam zone,” Jordan Valley and Nablus under siege.

Ni’ma ‘Ali Salameh Abu Sahara from Nablus is a case in point:

– her daughter married and moved to the Jordan Valley;

– no one has been able to see her, not even during holidays, because “the army doesn’t let us cross the Hamra checkpoint;”

– she wasn’t able to visit her first grandson and only saw him two months after his birth when her daughter visited her;

– her daughter just had a second child by Caesarean section; Abu Sahara went to the checkpoint to get through to see her; soldiers refused to let her pass; she begged them; they still refused; Abu Sahara “went home and cried.”

This story and many others like it are commonplace, and it’s caused the splitting up of nuclear families. Students leave parents to be near school. Wage earners and tradesmen leave families to be close to work. The ill live in cities to be near essential medical care facilities. From the time they leave homes to whenever they try to return, they encounter problems. For most Palestinians, they’re painful to impossible.

Restrictions prevent routine family gatherings as well as special ones like weddings, funerals, and caring for the sick. Palestinians once could take vacations, and a favorite spot was the northern Dead Sea area with its 25 km of coastline. No longer. The ‘Ein Fascha nature reserves there (one of the most popular recreational sites) are now operated by Israel’s Nature Reserves and Parks Authority for Jews only.

Movement restrictions affect all facets of daily life, including basic services and law enforcement - urban infrastructure, social services, mail, governance, rescue operations, electricity and gas, water, and locally-based security. When breakdowns occur and repairs are needed or other vital services have to be performed, district government employees get no preferential treatment crossing checkpoints to handle them. The result is long delays fixing essential public services or dealing with problems like medical emergencies.

“Fabric of life” roads for Palestinians are also affected, including the way they were built. They’re on expropriated private land, inefficiently use public property, and take other Palestinian land for the Separation Wall. An example is a road Israel built between the village of Shufa (south of Tulkarm) and a-Ras, northeast of the Sal’it settlement. Israel took village lands for it - from Far’on, a-Ras and ‘Izbat Shufa. To connect the two district seats, Israel seized private land, destroyed olive and citrus orchards on them, asked no permission to do it, and paid no compensation for the losses.

Israel unilaterally chooses routes for new roads, Palestinians’ interests aren’t considered, and injuries and losses they incur get no redress. They’re also harmed in other ways. Roads often demarcate villages, they limit their ability to build and expand for their growing populations, their costs outweighs their benefits, the harm affects whole communities, and it’s long-term.

Restrictions on Free Movement from the Perspective of International Law

Besides Article 13 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international humanitarian law, the UN’s International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is very clear about free movement. Its Article 12 states:

1. “Everyone lawfully within the territory of a State shall, within the territory, have the right to liberty of movement and freedom to choose his residence.

2. Everyone shall be free to leave any country, including his own.

3. The above-mentioned rights shall not be subject to any restrictions except those which are provided by law, are necessary to protect national security, public order, public health or morals or the rights and freedoms of others, and are consistent with the other rights recognized in the present Covenant. The above-mentioned rights shall not be subject to any restrictions except those which are provided by law, are necessary to protect national security, public order, public health or morals or the rights and freedoms of others, and are consistent with the other rights recognized in the present Covenant.

4. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of the right to enter his own country.”

Besides legitimate national security and military necessity, restricting free movement must meet another requirement - proportionality. Under Israeli administrative law as well, the state must prove the legitimate necessity of restrictions, that security can’t be achieved by less harmful means, and that the end result justifies the cost under international law. The UN Human Rights Committee states that the principle of proportionality requires that movement restrictions be incorporated in clear and justifiable legislation. Failure to do so violates international law under which Israel is accountable.

Israel claims justification for its occupation policies - that they’re vital to secure its West Bank settlers as well as Israelis traveling on the Territory’s roads. Clearly, the threat is real, but unasked is why. It’s because of Israel’s longstanding belligerency forcing Palestinians to respond in self-defense and at times take Israeli lives. There’s no secret how to stop it, but Israel abjures - stop attacking Palestinians so they stop fighting back. Long ago it was that way before Palestine became Israel. Arabs and Jews lived peacefully at a time the population imbalance heavily favored Palestinians and the great Jewish immigration wave hadn’t begun.

Today, it’s another matter, Israel manufactures its own security problem, then unjustifiably claims the right to react, and in the process, inflict great harm on a mostly-civilian population. Its actions are unrelated to security, are entirely political and stem from its annexation aims - to seize the West Bank’s most valued areas, remove the Palestinian population, and resettle them in isolated cantons unconnected to the others except by a crazy quilt patchwork of obstructive checkpoints, barriers, and hard to traverse road network. Its actions are unrelated to security, are entirely political and stem from its annexation aims - to seize the West Bank’s most valued areas, remove the Palestinian population, and resettle them in isolated cantons unconnected to the others except by a crazy quilt patchwork of obstructive checkpoints, barriers, and hard to traverse road network.

Israel acts illegally on occupied lands, and its draconian restrictions follow as a result. They’re less for security and mainly to let settlers (on stolen land) move around freely. They’re heavily protected, isolated from their Arab neighbors, able to travel on for-Jews only roads, live in Jewish-only communities, and get all the conveniences of a modern state that denies them to non-Jews in a country claiming to be a model democracy. They’re heavily protected, isolated from their Arab neighbors, able to travel on for-Jews only roads, live in Jewish-only communities, and get all the conveniences of a modern state that denies them to non-Jews in a country claiming to be a model democracy.

All West Bank settlements are illegal under international law. So is the main road network forbidden to Palestinians that’s built on annexed land. Israel’s justifications are unfounded. Security is a non-starter. So is the claim that it’s to protect against terrorist attacks that are, in fact, self-defense measures in an unfair fight. Palestinians are matched against the world’s fourth most powerful military that flexes its muscles by attacking civilians and claims its occupation is just. International law says otherwise, but Israel ignores it.

It also acts disproportionately. It fails the test by all measures:

– there’s no rational connection between the harm restrictions cause and Israel’s declared security objective; independent security and human rights experts concur on this; their view is that there’sa converse relationship between restrictions imposed and security desired; the greater the former, the less of the latter; – there’s no rational connection between the harm restrictions cause and Israel’s declared security objective; independent security and human rights experts concur on this; their view is that there’sa converse relationship between restrictions imposed and security desired; the greater the former , the less of the latter;

– a second failure is the lack of an alternative that causes less harm to achieve a security goal; in some instances, Israel admitted it hasn’t used other methods that would have caused less harm; the Separation Wall is the clearest example of a measure causing great harm with little payback except for confiscated land; after that, the Wall is purely punitive and the Palestinian response justifiable anger; – a second failure is the lack of an alternative that causes less harm to achieve a security goal; in some instances, Israel admitted it hasn’t used other methods that would have caused less harm; the Separation Wall is the clearest example of a measure causing great harm with little payback except for confiscated land; after that, the Wall is purely punitive and the Palestinian response justifiable anger;

– a third failure is the lack of a proper relationship between the harm caused and security benefit gained; whatever reasons Israel claims for its policy, it must still justify that it acted in proper proportion to the benefit achieved; sweeping and protracted West Bank restrictions clearly fail the test; they affect all aspects of Palestinians’ lives, infringe on their human rights and deny them the right to family life, health, education, work, and all else Israelis take for granted and get; and in cases of Nablus under siege, the effects are much worse on a locked-down population; there’s no justification for causing so much harm for whatever benefits Israel claims to be getting; they’re disproportionately way out of whack. – a third failure is the lack of a proper relationship between the harm caused and security benefit gained; whatever reasons Israel claims for its policy, it must still justify that it acted in proper proportion to the benefit achieved; sweeping and protracted West Bank restrictions clearly fail the test; they affect all aspects of Palestinians’ lives, infringe on their human rights and deny them the right to family life, health, education, work, and all else Israelis take for granted and get; and in cases of Nablus under siege , the effects are much worse on a locked-down population; there’s no justification for causing so much harm for whatever benefits Israel claims to be getting; they’re disproportionately way out of whack.

Israel also imposes its might without military legislation or written orders. For measures this far-reaching and causing so much harm, orders are merely passed down the chain of command verbally with lots of latitude on their implementation on the ground no matter how harsh. Such a system begs for abuse, and that’s exactly what happens repeatedly.

Without official restrictions in writing, it’s near impossible to monitor how the IDF administers them or judge what’s right or wrong. By its policy, Israel has, in fact, given the army unlimited latitude, made it unaccountable, and instituted a system guaranteed to punish and abuse.

Under international humanitarian law, it’sa system of strictly prohibited collective punishment. Article 50 of the Hague Regulations states: “No general penalty, pecuniary or otherwise, shall be inflicted upon the population on account of the acts of individuals for which they cannot be regarded as jointly and severally responsible.”

Article 33 of the Fourth Geneva Convention also states: “No protected person may be punished for an offense he or she has not personally committed. Collective penalties and likewise all measures of intimidation or of terrorism are prohibited.” The UN’s International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (quoted above) concurs. So do all independent human rights experts.

Israel claims it acts to deter, not collectively punish, but evidence on the ground proves otherwise. The vast majority of Palestinians affected are innocent civilians, they’re suspected of nothing, they’re made to endure great suffering, and Israel’s actions have been imposed continuously and repressively for over seven and a half years plus the punitive effects of 41 years under occupation. The vast majority of Palestinians affected are innocent civilians, they’re suspected of nothing, they’re made to endure great suffering, and Israel’s actions have been imposed continuously and repressively for over seven and a half years plus the punitive effects of 41 years under occupation.

These are actions of one ethnic group against another, thus constituting another international law violation. It’s prohibited by the 1966 (UN General Assembly-adopted) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination that Israel ratified in 1979. Article 1.1 defines racial discrimination as follows:

“Any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, color, descent, or national origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life.” “Any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, color, descent, or national origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life.”

Article 5(d)(1) gives every person the right of free movement within the borders of the state without discrimination. Article 4 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights prohibits all measures that discriminate solely on the basis of race, color, sex, language, religion, or social origin. Israel violates all of the above. Its claims otherwise hold no water and are, in fact, convoluted. It denies legitimate citizens their legal rights on their own land, but provides preferential treatment for illegal settlers in stark breach of the law.

Conclusion Conclusión

Israel’s repressive measures force West Bank Palestinians to live in a constant state of uncertainty, prevent them from making plans, deny them their basic rights, harm them when emergencies arise, and overall consign their lives to the will and whims to an illegal occupier. Israel’s repressive measures force West Bank Palestinians to live in a constant state of uncertainty, prevent them from making plans, deny them their basic rights, harm them when emergencies arise, and overall consign their lives to the will and whims to an illegal occupier .

Beyond the immediate harm that’s considerable, the West Bank’s geographical division causes severe long-term detriment to the entire Palestinian fabric of life - affecting their economic, political and social welfare. The result is an entire nation locked down, punished for being unwanted and in the way, and denied their right of self-determination and free movement on their own land.

Israel’s justification is fraudulent on its face, yet goes unchallenged by the world community as well as by neighboring Arab states. Shamefully and willfully, they turn a blind eye to a human calamity they won’t confront and denounce publicly as illegal and unacceptable.

B’Tselem has no such hesitancy. It ends its report by calling on Israel to:

– “immediately remove all the permanent and sweeping restrictions on movement inside the West Bank (including the Separation Wall ruled illegal by the International Court of Justice). In their place, Israel should” protect its citizens along the Green Line and inside the Jewish state according to the rule of law;

– “act immediately to evacuate all the settlements in the West Bank. Until this is done, Israel” has every right to protect its settlers security, but not to the detriment of the Palestinian people who are the lawful occupants of their own land; and

– “verify, before any temporary restriction….is approved (while settlements remain in place),” that it’s “needed for a legitimate security purpose and that the resultant harm to the Palestinian population will be proportionate,” according to international law. – “verify, before any temporary restriction….is approved (while settlements remain in place),” that it’s “needed for a legitimate security purpose and that the resultant harm to the Palestinian population will be proportionate,” according to international law . Restrictions in place “must be incorporated in a written order that specifies the nature of the restriction and the period of time it will remain in force.”

Until Israel takes these measures and begins ending its 41 year occupation, it will continue violating international law and remain in violation of dozens of UN resolutions condemning it for its actions, deploring it for committing them, and demanding they be ended. So far, Israel shows no signs of complying and continues acting with impunity, arrogance and defiance of the rule of law it disdains.

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