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 | Translate: 翻譯：               Big brother, big bother?大哥哥，大麻煩？ Thursday, September 4th, 2008 週四， 2008年9月4日 Is the proposed Communications Data Bill a step too far for the British way of life? 是擬議的通信數據條例草案的一個步驟太遠，為英國的生活方式呢？ Timothy Pitt-Payne reports 提摩太皮特-佩恩報告 By Timothy Pitt-Payne | On 15 July this year, the Information Commissioner, Richard Thomas, published his annual report.由提摩太皮特-佩恩| 7月15日，今年以來，信息專員理查德托馬斯，發表其年度報告。 At the launch of the report he commented on the Government’s proposed Communications Data Bill.在推出該報告的評論，他對政府的建議，通信數據的條例草案。 Referring to media suggestions that the Bill would make provision for a massive government database holding details of everyone’s telephone and internet communications, he stated that any such proposal would be “a step too far for the British way of life”.在談到媒體，有人認為，條例草案將作出規定龐大的數據庫，政府控股的詳情，每個人的電話和互聯網通訊，他表示，任何此類的建議，將“的一個步驟太遠，為英國的生活方式” 。 The way in which personal information is held by the Government is a subject of increasing public debate in the UK.以何種方式的個人資料是由政府是一個主題增加公共辯論中，英國。 There are concerns about the nature and the volume of information that is acquired and retained — this is one of the reasons why the Government’s identity card proposals are so controversial.人們關注的性質和數量的信息是獲得和保留-這是原因之一，政府的身份證的建議是如此具爭議性。 There are also concerns about security.也有對安全的關切。 Public confidence was severely damaged in November 2007, when CDs containing child benefit information about some 25 million individuals were lost by HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC).公眾的信心遭到嚴重破壞，在2007年11月，當光碟載有兒童福利的信息約25萬人失去了由陛下的收入與海關（ hmrc ） 。 Since then there has been a series of further security breaches; most recently on 19 August, when a private contractor informed the Home Office that it had lost a computer memory stick containing personal details of tens of thousands of criminals.自那時以來已出現了一系列進一步違反安全;最近8月19日，當一個私人承辦商告知家庭辦公室說，它已失去了一個計算機的Memory Stick載有個人資料，數以萬計的罪犯。 The legal background to the Communications Data Bill is complex, but needs to be set out in a little detail in order to make sense of the Commissioner’s concerns.法律背景，以通信的數據條例草案是複雜的，但需要載列於小細節，以使意識，廉政專員的關注。 The story begins with a European Union (EU) Directive of 2006 imposing requirements for the retention of “communications data” by telecoms providers and internet service providers (ISPs) across member states.故事開始與歐洲聯盟（歐盟）的指令2006年實施的要求，保留“數據通信”的電信供應商和互聯網服務提供商（ ISP ）全國會員國。 Communications data in this context essentially means information about who is communicating with whom, when and where they are communicating, and what means of communication they are using.數據通信在這方面基本上是指信息的溝通，誰是誰，何時，何地，他們的溝通，和什麼的通信手段，他們所使用的。 It does not include information about the actual content of the communication.它不包括有關的實際內容的溝通。 So in relation to telephone usage, communications data would include the timing and destination of phone calls, but not what was said.因此，在有關的電話使用，通信的數據將包括時間和目的地，電話，但不是所說的話。 In relation to internet usage, communications data would not include details of the actual websites visited from a particular computer, though it would include information about when and for how long that computer had been used to access the internet.在有關互聯網的使用，通信的數據將不包括詳細的網站訪問的實際，從某一台電腦，但它將包括資訊時，和多久的電腦已被用來存取網際網路。 Even with these limitations, the information covered by the directive can potentially tell you a great deal about ordinary individuals.即使這些限制，信息所涵蓋的指令可以告訴你潛在了大量關於普通個人。 This kind of information could be used, for example, in order to try and ascertain the whereabouts of a particular individual at a specific time.這種信息可以用來，例如，為了嘗試和確定的下落，某一個人在某一特定的時間。 Implementation of the Directive in the UK has proceeded in two stages.執行該指令，在英國已開始分兩個階段進行。 The first stage was the Data Retention Regulations 2007, which implemented the directive in relation to landlines and mobile phones (but not ISPs).第一階段是數據保留法規07年，實施的指令，在有關陸上和移動電話（但不包括互聯網服務供應商） 。 The regulations require telecoms providers to retain communications information for a minimum of 12 months.該規例的規定，電信供應商保留的通訊信息最低限度的12個月。 The regulations do not themselves confer any right for Government to obtain access to the retained information.條例本身不賦予任何權利，政府能獲得保留的信息。 Instead, access is governed by the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA 2000) and related regulations, under which various public bodies can access the retained information on request.相反，訪問是受到規管調查權力法2000 （ ripa 2000年）和有關的規例下，各種公共機構可以使用保留的資料的要求。 The potential bases for access are wide-ranging, and are not confined to national security or the prevention of crime.潛在基地准入範圍廣泛，並不局限於國家安全或預防犯罪。 For example, there is a right of access in the interests of the UK’s economic well-being, and another for the protection of public health.舉例來說，是有權利獲得在的利益，英國的經濟福祉，和另一為保障公眾健康。 A court order is not required, though an order can be sought if access is refused by the telecoms provider.法院命令，是不是必需的，雖然命令，可以要求如果是拒絕訪問，由電信供應商。 The Government’s draft legislative programme for 2008-09 was published in May.政府的草案的立法計劃，為2008-09年發表在5月。 This contained the first reference to a Communications Data Bill, intended to complete the implementation of the Directive.這包含了第一，參考一通信數據的條例草案，打算完成執行的指令。 The draft programme方案草案 Media concern about the implications of the Bill began with a story in The Times on 20 May, suggesting that the Bill will adopt a radically different approach from the 2007 Regulations.媒體關心的影響，條例草案開始一個故事，在時代5月20日，這表明該條例草案，將採取不同的方式，從根本上從2007年的規例。 According to the story, what is being contemplated is the creation of a central database under government control, containing all the retained records.根據這個故事，什麼是正在考慮的是建立一個中央數據庫，政府控制下的，包含所有保留的紀錄。 Instead of merely retaining communications data and providing it on request, providers would automatically pass all of their communications data to the database.而不是只保留通訊的數據和提供它的要求，供應商將自動通過他們所有的通信數據到數據庫。 Any proposal of this nature would prompt a number of important questions.任何建議，這種性質的提示了一些重要問題。 One is whether the database would be confined to ISP records, or whether it would also cover telecoms records (the story suggested that both would be covered). 1 ，是否該數據庫將限於ISP的記錄，或是否會還包括電信記錄（故事建議，都將涵蓋） 。 A second question is what kind of information would be held.第二個問題是什麼樣的信息將舉行。 Would the database be confined to communications data, as defined in the Directive?將數據庫只限於通信數據，所界定的指令？ Or would it include information about the actual content of telephone calls, emails and internet usage?或將它包括信息的實際內容的電話，電子郵件和互聯網的使用？ And the third and most important question is who would be entitled to use the database, and in what way?和第三和最重要的問題是誰有權使用該數據庫，以何種方式？ On any view a proposal of this nature would also raise some serious concerns, fully justifying the Information Commissioner’s comments.從任何角度來看一項建議，這種性質也將提出一些嚴重關切，完全有理由信息專員的意見。 There is the obvious risk of further security breaches.有明顯的風險，進一步的安全違規行為。 The possibilities range from accidental large-scale disclosure (as in the HMRC case) to isolated instances of unauthorised access by individual employees.的可能性，範圍從偶然的大型披露（如在hmrc案件） ，以孤立的事例在未獲授權下取用由個別僱員。 Imagine, for instance, an individual with access to the database who wants to know if his new partner still speaks to her ex-boyfriend on the phone.試想，舉例來說，個人對數據庫的訪問誰想知道，如果他的新的合作夥伴仍然是講她的前男友進行電話交談。 A second and even more serious risk is that, once the database has been created, more and more ways of using it will be found. 1秒，甚至更嚴重的風險是，一旦該數據庫已經建立，越來越多的使用方法，它會被發現。 Under RIPA 2000, both the range of authorities entitled to access communications data and the purposes for which they are permitted to have access can be amended without the need for primary legislation.根據ripa 2000年，無論是範圍，當局有權獲得的數據和通信的目的，而他們被允許訪問是可以修改的，而不需要為主要法例。 If the Bill adopts a similar approach, then there would be the risk of incremental extensions, with limited parliamentary scrutiny.如果條例草案採用了類似的做法，那麼，會有風險的增量擴展，有限的議會審議。 Interest in the database’s contents would not necessarily be confined to the UK.在我們的信息庫的內容不一定會局限於英國。 For instance, how would the UK Government respond if the US authorities asked for access to any information held on the new database about passengers intending to travel to the US?比如，如何將英國政府作出回應，如果美國當局要求獲得任何資料，舉行了關於新的數據庫乘客有意前往美國？ The Information Commissioner has repeatedly warned about the danger of developing a ‘surveillance society’.信息專員曾多次警告有關的危險，發展'監視社會' 。 The danger comes from a combination of legal and technological developments: legal developments that facilitate the collection of personal information on a wide scale, and technological developments that allow that information to be exploited in ever more sophisticated ways.危險是來自一個相結合的法律和技術的發展：法律的發展，促進個人信息的收集就範圍廣泛的規模，和技術的發展，使信息加以利用，在以往任何時候都更精密的方法。 In real life, the quintessentially British double-decker bus that played a starring role in the Olympic closing ceremony would undoubtedly have been monitored by CCTV cameras.在現實生活中，典型的英國雙層巴士，發揮了主演的角色，在奧運會閉幕式上，無疑已監察閉路電視攝影機。 Facial recognition software now allows CCTV images to be linked to databases of information about identifiable individuals.面部識別軟件，現在可以讓中央電視台的圖像聯繫起來的數據庫信息識別個人。 The more information about us is held on centralised databases, the greater the potential risk posed by this kind of linkage.信息越多，關於我們是日舉行的中央數據庫，更大的潛在危險所造成的這種聯繫。 For a description of what a surveillance society of the future might look like in practice, Cory Doctorow’s recent dystopian novel, Little Brother, is highly recommended.為說明什麼是監視社會的未來看起來可能會像在實踐中，多克托羅的Cory最近的dystopian小說，小兄弟，是強烈推薦。 Meanwhile, we wait to see the detail of the Communications Data Bill.與此同時，我們迫不及待地想看到詳細的數據通訊條例草案。 It is hoped that the fears expressed by The Times and the Information Commissioner will not be borne out when the Bill is published.這是希望的恐懼所表達的時代和信息專員將不會傳染時，條例草案公佈。 Public trust in the way in which personal information is held by Government is at a very low ebb.市民的信任，在以何種方式的個人信息是舉行由政府，是在一個非常低迷狀態。 Proposals for massive new databases are not the right way to win it back.建議龐大的新數據庫是不正確的方式爭取回來。 Timothy Pitt-Payne is a barrister at 11KBW and visiting professor of information law at Northumbria University. 提摩太皮特-佩恩是一個大律師在11kbw和訪問教授，信息法學northumbria大學。 Have Your Say: Big brother, big bother? 你說：大哥哥，大麻煩？ Please read our請閱讀我們的 posting guidelines before posting發布指引，然後再發布 . 。 Alternatively或者 you can discuss this report here您可以討論此報告在這裡 . 。 Related News 相關新聞
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