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  | Translate: 翻譯：               US bails out Citigroup and prepares to give trillions more to banks bails了美國花旗集團，並準備給萬億更多的銀行 Tuesday, November 25th, 2008 星期二， 08年11月25日
By通過 Barry Grey巴里灰色 | The government bailout of Citigroup marks a new stage in the utilization of the public treasury to rescue Wall Street banks and finance houses. |政府紓困花旗標誌著一個新階段，利用國庫救援華爾街銀行和金融的房屋。 The deal reached shortly before midnight Sunday places an estimated $249 billion in taxpayer money at the disposal of Citigroup and the bank’s major shareholders, lenders and executives.協議達成不久星期日午夜前的地方，估計二千四百九十萬點零萬美元在納稅人的錢掌握在花旗集團和該銀行的主要股東，債權人和管理人員。 It marks the single biggest government bailout to date, outstripping the $200 billion allocated in the takeover of mortgage finance giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and the more than $150 billion given to insurance conglomerate American International Group.它標誌著最大單一政府救助迄今為止，超過了2,000億美元分配給收購抵押貸款巨頭Fannie Mae和Freddie Mac和超過1500億美元給保險巨頭美國國際集團。 The agreement reached between the failing bank and top federal regulators, headed by Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke and New York Federal Reserve Bank President Timothy Geithner, makes the government responsible for the vast bulk of a $306 billion pool of worthless or dubious residential and commercial loans and mortgage-backed assets, in addition to injecting $27 billion in government funds into Citigroup’s coffers in return for preferred shares of stock.之間達成的協議未能銀行和聯邦監管機構前，由財政部長保爾森，美聯儲主席伯南克和紐約聯邦儲備銀行總裁蓋特納，使政府機構，負責大部分的三千零六十〇點零零零億美元池或毫無價值可疑的住宅和商業貸款和住房抵押貸款資產，除了注入270億美元的政府資金投入花旗集團的庫房，以換取優先股股票。 The terms of the deal are extraordinarily favorable to the bank, which is allowed to pay lower-than-market interest on the preferred shares without having to accept any government control over its investment or lending policies.交易的具體條款是非常有利的銀行，這是可以支付低於市場利息的優先股，而毋須接受任何政府控制的投資或貸款的政策。 The current management, headed by CEO Vakrim Pandit, will remain in place.目前的管理，由公司首席執行官Vakrim潘迪特，將留在原地。 There are no requirements that the bank use the federal money to lend to other banks, businesses or consumers, restrictions on executive compensation are of the same token character as those included in the original $700 billion bank bailout package approved last month by Congress, and a requirement that the bank adjust the mortgage terms for some distressed homeowners mirrors a program already instituted by Citigroup.有沒有要求該銀行利用聯邦資金貸款給其他銀行，企業或消費者，限制行政賠償是同樣性質的那些包括在原來的7,000億美元的銀行包紓困上個月批准由美國國會，並要求銀行調整貸款方面的一些業主反映痛心的程序已經提起了花旗集團。 The three agencies that brokered the deal, the Treasury Department, the Fed and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), let it be known that the Citigroup bailout would set the pattern for similar rescue operations of other banks and financial institutions.這三個機構的調解協議，財政部，美聯儲和聯邦存款保險公司（ FDIC的） ，讓它知道，花旗集團將成立紓困的格局類似的救援行動的其他銀行和金融機構。 President George W. Bush underscored this point in remarks to the press Monday morning following a meeting with Paulson and other top economic advisers.布什總統強調了這一點的話向新聞界以下星期一上午會見了保爾森和其他高級經濟顧問。 “We have made these kinds of decisions in the past, made one last night, and if need be we’re going to make these kind of decisions to safeguard our financial system in the future,” Bush said. “我們取得了這樣的決定在過去，取得最後一個夜晚，如果需要，我們會作出這樣的決定，以保障我們的金融體系在未來， ”布什說。 He pointedly announced that he had informed President-Elect Barack Obama of the bailout agreement on Sunday.他尖銳地宣布，他已獲悉當選總統奧巴馬的紓困協議，星期日。 Obama, for his part, went out of his way to make it clear that the Wall Street bailout would continue when he takes office in January, telling the press that he was committed to do “whatever it takes” to shore up the financial system and announcing that he had spoken on Sunday with Bush and Fed Chairman Bernanke.奧巴馬，他的一部分，走出自己的方式作出明確指出，華爾街將繼續紓困時，他的職務在1月份，告訴新聞界表示，他決心做“不惜一切”以支撐金融系統和宣布，他已經在週日同布什總統和聯儲主席伯南克。 Standing behind Obama at a press conference called to announce his top economic advisers was Geithner, his pick for treasury secretary, who had spent the previous two days working out the terms of the government rescue of Citigroup.站在奧巴馬舉行的記者招待會上呼籲宣布他的首席經濟顧問蓋特納，他挑選的財政部長，誰花了前兩天的工作條件，政府拯救花旗集團。 According to a report posted Monday by Bloomberg News ,據週一公佈的彭博資訊 ， with the rescue of Citigroup the US government has to date provided $3.18 trillion to financial institutions in the form of loans, cash infusions and federal guarantees of assets.與拯救花旗集團，美國政府迄今已提供三萬一千八點零零零億美元金融機構形式的貸款，現金注入和聯邦政府擔保的資產。 Under conditions of a deepening US and world recession that is further undermining the financial markets, this represents only a down-payment on the vast social resources and taxpayer funds that will be channeled into securing the economic interests and personal fortunes of the American financial elite.條件下深化美國和世界經濟衰退的進一步破壞金融市場，這意味著只有下跌支付的巨大的社會資源和納稅人的資金，將轉化為爭取經濟利益和個人財富的美國金融精英。 As Kenneth S. Rogoff, a professor of economics at Harvard put it, “It will mean spending trillions of dollars.”正如肯尼思羅戈夫美國，經濟學教授在哈佛所說的那樣， “這將意味著支出萬億美元。 ” The United States is, quite literally, being bankrupted to rescue the Wall Street multi-millionaires whose reckless pursuit of bloated profits and compensation packages precipitated a breakdown of the global financial system that is threatening to plunge the world into a new Depression.美國是相當字面上看，正在破產拯救華爾街百萬富翁的魯莽臃腫的追求利潤和報酬沉澱的細目全球金融體系的威脅使世界進入了一個新蕭條。 Under the terms of the bailout, as reported in the press, the Treasury Department, the FDIC and the Federal Reserve will guarantee all but $40 billion of a pool of $306 billion of the $2.2 trillion in assets on Citigroup’s books, including residential mortgages, commercial real estate, leveraged loans, collateralized debt obligations and auction rate securities.根據救助，如新聞報導，美國財政部，聯邦存款保險公司和美國聯邦儲備將保證所有，但400億美元的一批三千零六十〇點零億美元的220000000萬美元資產的花旗集團的書籍，包括住宅按揭貸款，商業房地產，槓桿貸款，抵押債務和拍賣利率證券。 Citi will absorb the first $29 billion in losses from the government-backed asset pool, use $7 billion in reserve capital to cover additional losses and pay 10 percent of any further losses.花旗集團將吸收的第一個290億美元的損失由政府支持的資產池，利用70億美元的儲備資金，以支付額外的損失和支付百分之十的任何進一步的損失。 The Treasury will take on the next $5 billion in losses after the $36 billion covered by Citigroup, the FDIC will absorb the following $10 billion in losses, and the Fed will cover the rest.財政部將採取的下一個50億美元的損失後的360億美元所涵蓋的花旗集團，聯邦存款保險公司將承擔以下為100億美元的損失，美聯儲將涵蓋休息。 The Treasury Department will also inject $20 billion from the $700 billion Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP) into Citi in return for preferred stock, for which the bank will pay an annual dividend of 8 percent.美國財政部也將注入200億美元，從7,000億美元資產困境救濟計劃（篷布）到花旗集團，以換取優先股，該銀行將支付年度紅利百分之八。 Citigroup will receive an additional $7 billion in return for preferred shares issued to both the Treasury and the FDIC as recompense for their roles in guaranteeing the bank’s failing assets.花旗集團將獲得額外的70億美元，以換取優先股發行的財政部和聯邦存款保險公司作為報答他們的作用，保證銀行的資產沒有。 In addition to this $27 billion capital infusion, according to the Financial Times ,除了這個270億美元的資本注入，根據金融時報 the “reconstruction of Citi’s balance sheet in effect frees up an additional $13 billion, so the total capital benefit to Citi will be $40 billion.”在“重建花旗集團的資產負債表中解放出來，效果追加130億美元，因此，總資本有利於花旗集團將400億美元。 ” This cash infusion is over and above the $25 billion handed to Citi by the Treasury last month as part of $125 billion allocated to the nine biggest US banks.這是現金注入超過250億美元的花旗集團交給由財政部上個月的一部分， 1250億美元分配給9個美國最大的銀行。 Citi will also issue warrants to the US Treasury and the FDIC for some 254 million common shares at a strike price of $10.61.花旗集團也將問題令美國財政部和聯邦存款保險公司的一些2.54億股普通股在罷工的價格十點六一美元。 The only significant condition placed on Citigroup is a requirement that for the next three years it pay no more than a penny per share annually in stock dividends.唯一重要的條件放在花旗集團是一個要求，即今後三年的這所支付的費用不會超過每股1美分，每年的股票分紅。 This, however, is only a small penalty for big shareholders, whose equity investments would have been wiped out had the bank been allowed to fail.然而，這只是一個小刑罰為大股東，其股權投資將被消滅，該銀行已被允許失敗。 Neither the government nor Citi sought to conceal the extraordinarily lenient terms of the deal.無論是政府還是花旗集團尋求掩蓋非常寬鬆的交易條款。 The 8 percent dividend on the preferred shares is lower than what private shareholders have been offered.在百分之八的紅利優先股低於私人股東已提供。 Government officials said they did not want to impose punitive terms on Citigroup because its stability was crucial to protecting the financial system.政府官員表示，他們不希望徵收懲罰性條款花旗集團，因為它的穩定是至關重要的，以保護金融體系。 Citigroup’s chief financial officer, Gary Crittenden, repeated the same line, saying the agreement “was not about punitive, it was about financial stability.”花旗集團的首席財政官，蓋登，重複同樣的路線，話說，協議“並不是為了懲罰，這是對金融的穩定。 ” Crittenden added that the deal was deliberately packaged in “a plain vanilla flavor” so it could be applied to other lending institutions.登說，協議是蓄意包裝“純香草味” ，因此它可以適用於其他貸款機構。 Wall Street applauded the bailout, sending share prices soaring on Monday.華爾街讚揚救助，將股票價格週一飆升。 The Dow Jones Industrial Average surged 397 points, a gain of 4.9 percent.道瓊斯工業平均指數飆升397點，漲幅百分之四點九。 The other major indexes also rose sharply, with the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index climbing 6.5 percent and the Nasdaq Composite Index gaining 6.3 percent.其他主要指數也大幅上升，標準普爾500種股票指數上漲百分之六點五和納斯達克綜合指數上漲百分之6.3 。 On top of Friday’s surge following the announcement that Geithner would be Obama’s treasury secretary, Monday’s close marked the biggest two-day rally since 1987.上週五的上升後，蓋斯勒宣布，將奧巴馬的財政部長，週一收盤顯著最大的兩個交易日的漲勢自1987年以來。 Citigroup stock, which had plunged 60 percent just last week to a 16-year low of $3.77, bringing its decline to 87 percent over the past year, climbed 58 percent.花旗集團股票，已經下跌百分之六十就在上週， 16年來的低點3.77美元，將其下降到87比過去的一年中，上升百分之五十八。 Other financial stocks also rose sharply, with JPMorgan Chase and Bank of American jumping more than 21 percent.其它金融類股也大幅上漲，與摩根大通和美洲銀行的跳躍超過百分之二十一。 Citigroup, just two years ago the largest US bank by market value, came to ruin over the past 16 months as a result of its aggressive involvement over previous years in the highly lucrative subprime mortgage market.花旗集團，僅僅兩年前美國最大銀行的市場價值，來毀掉過去16個月，由於其積極參與過去幾年中非常賺錢的次級抵押貸款市場。 At the bidding of its senior counselor and board member, Robert Rubin, who joined Citi after ending his stint as treasury secretary in the Clinton administration, the bank took on added risk in order to increase profits.在競標的高級顧問和董事會成員，魯賓，誰加入花旗後，結束了他擔任財政部長在克林頓政府中，銀行就增加了風險，以增加利潤。 From 2003 to 2005, Citigroup more than tripled its issuance of collateralized debt obligations (CDOs)—securities based on bundles of subprime and other risky loans–to more than $20 billion from $6.28 billion, making Citi one of the industry’s biggest players.從2003年到2005年，花旗集團三倍以上的發行抵押債務（ CDOs ）證券的基礎上捆綁的優和其他風險的貸款，以超過200億美元來自六十二萬八點零萬美元，使花旗集團之一，該行業最大的球員。 As one person who worked in the bank’s CDO department told the New York Times , “As long as you could grow revenues, you could keep your bonus growing.”正如一個人工作，誰該銀行的債務抵押債券部門告訴紐約時報，他說： “只要你能增加收入，可以讓您的獎金越來越多。 ” When the credit and housing bubbles collapsed in the summer of 2007, Citigroup was hit with massive losses.當信貸和住房倒塌泡沫在2007年夏季，花旗集團遭受巨大損失。 It has to date registered more than $65 billion in losses, write-downs for bad assets and charges for future losses, more than half from mortgage-related assets.它迄今已註冊超過650億美元的損失，減記的不良資產，並為今後的費用損失，其中一半以上來自抵押貸款相關資產。 It reported net losses of $20 billion over the last four quarters.它報告淨虧損200億美元，在過去4個季度。 Obama’s economic team, it should be noted, is staffed by Rubin protégés, including Lawrence Summers as his top economic adviser, Geithner at Treasury, and Peter Orszag, his pick to head the Office of Management and Budget.奧巴馬的經濟班子，應該指出的是配備了魯賓protégés ，包括勞倫斯薩默斯他的首席經濟顧問，蓋特納在財政部和彼得扎格，他挑選擔任管理和預算辦公室。 Despite the market surge on Monday, it is unlikely that the government bailout will solve Citigroup’s solvency problem.儘管市場週一激增，這是不可能的，政府救助將解決花旗集團的償付能力問題。 It is the world’s largest issuer of credit cards, and the surge in unemployment is certain to result in a flood of defaults on credit card and other forms of consumer debt, further undermining the bank’s balance sheet.它是世界上最大的發行信用卡，以及失業率上升肯定會造成大量的拖欠的信用卡及其他形式的消費信貸，進一步削弱銀行的資產負債表。 In addition, Citi has $1.21 trillion in entities that are not reflected on its balance sheet, some of which are tied to mortgages and will likely have to be brought back onto the bank’s books.此外，花旗集團已一萬二千一百點零零億美元在實體上沒有反映其資產負債表，其中有些是與抵押貸款和可能將不得不被帶回到銀行的書籍。 Its large holdings in commercial real estate are being hit by defaults in that sector.其持有的大型商業地產正在受到違約在該部門。 Finally, Citigroup is heavily invested in so-called emerging markets, which are sliding rapidly into recession.最後，花旗集團正在大量投資於所謂的新興市場，這是滑動迅速陷入衰退。 The same, to a greater or lesser extent, can be said of virtually all of the major US banks.同樣的，一個或大或小的程度上，可以說幾乎所有主要的美國銀行。 The financial crisis triggered a deepening slump in the broader economy, which is now feeding back once again on the banking system, making inevitable further banking panics and more huge government bailouts.金融危機引發了深化不景氣在更廣泛的經濟，現在是回饋再次對銀行體系，從而不可避免地進一步銀行恐慌和更龐大的政府救助。 Citigroup itself could very well be returning for a new infusion of taxpayer money.花旗集團本身很可能是返回一個新的注入納稅人的錢。 For their part, the Treasury and the Fed are in a state of disarray and perplexity.對他們來說，美國財政部和美聯儲是在一個國家的混亂和迷惘。 Just last Tuesday, Treasury Secretary Paulson told a congressional committee that the government had “turned the corner as far as stabilizing the system” and said he did not plan to announce any new rescue efforts from the $700 billion bailout program.就在星期二，財政部長保爾森說，國會委員會，政府已“轉危為安盡可能穩定系統” ，並表示他不打算宣布任何新的救援工作從7,000億美元援助計劃。 Now he is preparing to ask Congress to authorize the remaining half of the $700 TARP fund and preparing to launch new rescue schemes to stave off a collapse in the consumer credit markets.現在，他正準備要求國會授權，其餘一半的700美元篷布基金和準備發動新的救援計劃，以阻止崩潰的消費信貸市場。 While the government hands out trillions to the banks, virtually nothing is allocated to provide relief for millions of workers who are losing their jobs, their homes and their life savings.儘管政府手中了萬億的銀行，幾乎沒有分配給提供救濟數以百萬計的工人誰是失去工作，他們的家園和生活儲蓄。 Instead, the banks that are receiving the government handouts are ruthlessly shrinking their workforces.相反，銀行，正在接受政府的施捨是無情地縮小它們的勞動力。 On November 17, a week before it received its bailout from the government, Citigroup announced plans to slash 52,000 jobs over the next several months. 11月17日，一個星期前收到了救助由政府，花旗集團宣布，計劃削減52000個職位在未來數月之久。 By early next year, the company is expected to reduce its worldwide workforce to 300,000, down 20 percent from a high of 375,000 workers in 2007.明年年初，該公司預計將減少其全球員工30.0萬，低於百分之二十的高點37.5萬工人在2007年。 Have Your Say: US bails out Citigroup and prepares to give trillions more to banks 你說： bails了美國花旗集團，並準備給萬億更多的銀行 Please read our請仔細閱讀我們的 posting guidelines before posting張貼在發布前的指導方針 . 。 Alternatively或者 you can discuss this report here你可以討論這份報告在這裡 . 。 Related News 相關新聞
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