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 | Translate: 翻譯：               Ending Poverty: Moving Beyond More Aid and Fair Trade消除貧窮：超越更多的援助和公平貿易 Wednesday, November 19th, 2008 星期三， 2008年11月十九日
By Davinder Kaur |由文達河| As the United Nations seeks increased financial assistance from donor countries to help meet the flagging Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the inadequacy of international aid and fairer trade agreements has never been so clear.正如聯合國尋求更多的財政援助捐贈國，以幫助滿足衰退千年發展目標（ MDGs ） ，不足的國際援助和公平貿易協定從來沒有象現在這樣明確。 In 2007 alone, aid to developing countries僅在2007年，對發展中國家的援助 fell by 8.4%下跌8.4 ％ , leaving huge challenges ahead to meet the Gleneagles G-8 target of doubling aid to Africa by 2010. ，留下巨大的挑戰，以滿足未來的格倫伊格爾斯八國集團翻一番的目標對非洲的援助到2010年。 In July, the Doha round of trade talks collapsed again for the third time as developing countries refused to bow down to US pressure allowing increased access to their markets.今年7月，多哈回合貿易談判再次破裂的第三次作為發展中國家拒絕低頭彎腰美國的壓力使更多的市場准入。 These factors, alongside the rise in hunger as a result of the food crisis and the worsening這些因素，同時增加飢餓所造成的糧食危機和日益惡化 global financial crisis全球金融危機 , underline the low global priority given by rich nations to the world’s poor. ，強調低優先考慮全球豐富的國家對世界上的窮人。 Pledges and promises of aid to eradicate poverty made by rich nations over the past four decades have resulted in few changes for the Global South.保證和承諾的援助，以消除貧困所作的富裕國家過去40年來已導致一些改動的全球南方。 If genuinely concerned with poverty reduction, all OECD member states would have long ago reached the 0.7% target for aid, pledged via the United Nations in 1970.如果真正關心減貧，所有經合組織成員國將早已達到了0.7 ％的援助目標，承諾通過聯合國於1970年。 Thirty-eight years later, 38年後， not a single G8 country has met this target沒有任何一個國家都八國集團達到這一目標 . 。 Any reasons or excuses are rendered largely irrelevant when considering that it took a matter of days for Western governments to find an estimated three trillion dollars to bailout banks caught in the financial crisis.任何理由或藉口都變得無關緊要時，考慮到它在幾天內就為西方國家政府找到一個估計3萬億美元，以紓困銀行陷入財政危機。 The Jubilee Debt Campaign estimates that銀禧債務運動估計， less than a quarter of this amount不到一個季度的這一數額 is needed to wipe the debts of the poorest 100 countries - simply to allow them to meet their people’s most basic needs.需要消滅債務的最貧窮的100個國家-僅僅是為了使它們能夠滿足人民最基本的需要。 At a time when the rise in food prices has caused an在這個時候增加糧食價格造成了 additional 105 million people額外的1.05億人 to join the ranks of the hungry, the impact of the economic crisis is likely to see the needs of the developing countries further sidelined as Western governments rush to divert money to contain the problem.加入的行列餓了，影響了經濟危機是有可能看到的需要，發展中國家進一步休戰作為西方國家政府急於轉移資金，以控制問題。 Systemic Failures 系統性故障 As these crises worsen, the global trading system continues to do more harm than good.由於這些危機惡化，全球貿易體系，繼續弊大於利。 Import surges of heavily subsidized goods flood the markets of poor countries, wreaking havoc on domestic producers and driving many out of business and into進口激增的大量補貼的商品充斥市場的貧窮國家，嚴重破壞國內生產者和駕駛的許多企業和成 poverty貧困 . 。 Additionally, rich nations consistently force developing countries to lower their tariffs while refusing to do so themselves, thereby denying poor farmers the right to protect their livelihoods.此外，富裕國家一貫迫使發展中國家降低關稅，另一方面卻拒絕這樣做本身，從而使貧困農民有權保護他們的生計。 The situation is further exacerbated when considering that這種情況進一步惡化時，考慮到 two-thirds of developing countries are now net food importers三分之二的發展中國家現在糧食淨進口國 . 。 The WTO and the international trading system that it promotes has served to strengthen the status quo, keeping those at the top of the ladder in place while kicking away the ladder from those at the bottom. WTO與國際貿易體系，它促進有助於加強的現狀，讓那些在頂部的階梯，同時在踢了梯子從這些機器的底部。 Even if the targets for即使目標 aid援助 and trade were met in the near future, the underlying problems of how trade and aid are administered would continue.和貿易得到了滿足在不久的將來，根本問題是如何貿易和援助的管理將繼續下去。 Aid would still leave developing countries in a state of dependence upon rich nations and continue to come with conditions attached forcing them to open up their markets to foreign goods and services.援助將仍然離開發展中國家的狀態依靠豐富的國家，並繼續同來的附加條件迫使他們開放本國市場對外國商品和服務。 Furthermore, aid used by poor countries to pay their external debts would detract them from providing the most basic needs for their citizens.此外，用於援助窮國支付其外債將削弱他們提供最基本的需要為本國公民。 On a broader level, the在更廣泛的層面上， unaccountable不負責任 and undemocratic ways in which the World Bank, the IMF and the WTO function would not be addressed, much less resolved, while the enormous influence of corporate lobbying groups would persist.和不民主的方式，世界銀行，國際貨幣基金組織和世界貿易組織功能將不會得到解決，更談不上解決，而巨大的影響的企業遊說團體將持續下去。 Calling for better trade rules and more aid to reduce poverty and growing inequality is not enough to achieve real change.呼喚更好的貿易規則和更多的援助，減少貧困和日益加劇的不平等是不夠的，實現真正的變化。 The neoliberal ideologies of economic growth are enshrined in the very institutions that are designed to help developing countries prosper.新自由主義意識形態的經濟增長是體現在非常機構，旨在幫助發展中國家繁榮。 A belief in the free market, deregulation, privatization and corporate一種信仰的自由市場，放鬆管制，私有化和企業 globalization全球化 is the basis upon which these institutions operate.是依據這些機構的運作。 We have seen in recent weeks how unsustainable the current economic system is and how liable it is of causing a financial tsunami upon the lives of people everywhere.我們已經看到在最近幾個星期如何目前不可持續的經濟體系以及如何承擔賠償責任是導致金融海嘯對各地人民生活的。 The biggest financial crisis since the 1930s is not taking place in a vacuum - its roots are based in the neoliberal ideologies stemming from the Washington Consensus dating back to the 1980s.最大的金融危機以來， 1930年是不是在真空-其根源都設在新自由主義的意識形態源自華盛頓共識可以追溯到2 0世紀8 0年代。 Only a few weeks ago, it seemed we had reached a stage where the conceptual apparatus of neoliberalism had become “只有少數幾個星期前，我們似乎已經達到了這樣一個階段的概念儀器的新自由主義已成為“ so embedded in common sense as to be taken for granted and not open to question如此植根於常識，以是理所當然的，而不是開放的問題 .” Since then, the world’s most profitable banks have been part-nationalized, a worldwide recession is looming and a global crisis in confidence in the current economic model has become the norm. “ 。自那時以來，全球最賺錢的銀行已經部分國有化，一個世界性的經濟衰退是迫在眉睫的和全球性的信心危機，在目前的經濟模式已經成為規範。 Recent events have demonstrated that to continue working within the confines of the global economic framework may result in slight changes for a small proportion of the world’s poor, but will not be significant enough to achieve targets such as the UN’s Millennium Development Goal of halving hunger by 2015.最近的事件表明，繼續努力，在局限在全球經濟範圍內可能會導致一些細微的變化為一小部分世界上的窮人，但不會顯著足以實現目標，如聯合國的千年發展目標飢餓人口減少一半，到2015年。 This goal, which is already insufficient, was made further unattainable since the World Bank revised the international poverty line from $1.08 to $1.25 per day, effectively plunging a實現這一目標，這是已經不夠，是因為進一步做不到世界銀行修訂了國際貧困線從1.08美元至1.25美元，每天有效地使一 further 430 million people into extreme poverty overnight進一步的4.3億人陷入赤貧一夜之間 . 。 Securing Basic Human Needs 保障人的基本需求 The current economic system, based on ever-increasing economic growth as the overarching solution to fighting poverty, is both ineffective and目前的經濟制度的基礎上，不斷增加經濟增長的首要解決貧窮作鬥爭，是無效的和 unsustainable不可持續的 . 。 The key to tackling poverty and inequality must come from a change in principles and priorities from which practical steps can be taken to put long-term structures in place.主要解決貧困和不平等現象必須從改變原則和優先事項從實際步驟，可以採取把長期結構到位。 One such solution would be to define and這樣一個解決辦法將是確定和 redistribute essential resources必要的資源再分配 in order to immediately secure basic human needs.為了確保立即人類的基本需要。 The universal right to a life of dignity and survival has long been enshrined in article 25 of the普遍的權利有尊嚴的生活和生存早已載入第25條 1948 UN Declaration of Human Rights 1948年聯合國人權宣言 which states that “everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing, medical care and necessary social services.”其中規定， “人人有權享有適當生活水準的健康和福祉的他本人和家屬，其中包括食物，衣著，住房，醫療和必要的社會服務。 ” There is no reason why沒有理由 967 million people should go to bed hungry every day 967000000人民應該餓著肚子上床每一天 . 。 The problem is not defined by a scarcity of food, but by the insufficient access to resources for millions of the world’s poor who lack the necessary purchasing power to survive.問題不在於界定缺乏食物，但在得不到充分的資源，數以百萬計的世界上的窮人誰缺乏必要的購買力，才能生存。 The ‘trickle-down theory’ of economic growth, or the political promise that wealth accumulated by the rich would eventually permeate down through society, has proven to be grossly insufficient in dealing with the urgent demand for basic and essential needs.在'涓滴理論'的經濟增長，或政治承諾，財富積累的豐富的最終將滲透下來的社會，已被證明是嚴重不足在處理緊急需求的基本需要。 To immediately reduce inequality and end extreme poverty, a new international要立即減少不平等和終止極端貧困，一個新的國際 mechanism機制 is required which can facilitate a greater economic sharing of essential resources.需要可以促進更多的經濟交流必不可少的資源。 The most critical of these are land, basic agricultural produce, water, energy and essential medicines, which together need to be defined, withdrawn and protected from international markets and no longer traded by multinational corporations.最關鍵的是土地，基本農產品，水，能源和基本藥物，這些加在一起需要界定，收回和保護來自國際市場，並不再交易的跨國公司。 A字母a similar initiative類似的倡議 was supported by over 100 civil society organizations at the recent WTO talks.支持超過100個民間社會組織在最近的世貿組織談判。 Bolivia, Cuba, Venezuela and Nicaragua presented a proposal to remove healthcare, education, water, telecommunications and energy from the WTO “on the basis that these essential public services are human rights which governments have an obligation to provide, and should not be treated as tradable commodities.”玻利維亞，古巴，委內瑞拉和尼加拉瓜提出了一項建議，消除醫療，教育，供水，電信和能源從入世“的基礎上，這些基本的公共服務是人權，各國政府有義務提供，而不應被視為買賣的商品。 “ Although the UN is in need of considerable reform, it should play a lead role in redistributing essential resources.儘管聯合國是需要相當大的改革，它應該發揮主導作用，重新分配必要的資源。 It is the only international body with the experience, expertise and financial resources to initiate and coordinate such a crucial program.這是唯一的國際機構的經驗，專業知識和財政資源，以發起和協調這樣一個關鍵程序。 A new body within the UN needs to be responsible for a short-term emergency relief program to address the urgent needs of the 50,000 people who die each day from poverty, of which 30,000 are children.一個新的機構，聯合國需要負責短期緊急救濟程序來處理的迫切需要， 50000人死於誰每天從貧困，其中三點〇 〇 〇萬頃兒童。 Simultaneously, a同時，一個 long-term program長期計劃 could begin to coordinate securing the wider basic needs of the global public.可以開始協調爭取更廣泛的基本需求，全球公眾。 A genuine change in principles and a renewed sense of commitment is urgently needed to tackle extreme真正的改變，原則和新的承諾是迫切需要解決極端 poverty and inequality貧困和不平等 . 。 A global undertaking of this scale would not come without further challenges and complexities, but it would lead to rapid and progressive change as low-income countries lift themselves out of poverty without permanently relying on financial hand-outs.一個全球性的事業規模不會進一步的挑戰和複雜，但它會導致迅速，逐步改變低收入國家擺脫貧困的永久依靠財政施捨。 Campaigning for the redistribution of essential resources, rather than just more aid or fairer trade, is the first vital step to securing the basic needs of the world community.爭取重新分配必要的資源，而不僅僅是提供更多的援助或更公平的貿易，是第一個重要步驟，以確保基本需要國際社會。 Have Your Say: Ending Poverty: Moving Beyond More Aid and Fair Trade 你說：消除貧窮：超越更多的援助和公平貿易 Please read our請仔細閱讀我們的 posting guidelines before posting張貼在發布前的指導方針 . 。 Alternatively或者 you can discuss this report here你可以討論這份報告在這裡 . 。 Related News 相關新聞
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