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              Τελείωμα της ένδειας: Κίνηση πέρα από την περισσότερα ενίσχυση και δίκαιο εμπόριο
Τετάρτη, 19η Νοεμβρίου 2008
Από Davinder Kaur | Δεδομένου ότι τα Ηνωμένα Έθνη επιδιώκουν την αυξανόμενη χρηματοδοτική συνδρομή από τις χώρες δότες για να βοηθήσουν να συναντήσουν τους στόχους ανάπτυξης χιλιετίας σημαιοστολισμού (MDGs), η ανεπάρκεια της διεθνούς ενίσχυσης και των δικαιότερων εμπορικών συμφωνιών δεν είναι ποτέ τόσο σαφής. Το 2007 μόνος, ενίσχυση στις αναπτυσσόμενες χώρες έπεσε κατά 8.4%, αφήνοντας τις τεράστιες προκλήσεις για να συναντήσει μπροστά το Gleneagles γ-8 στόχος του διπλασιασμού της ενίσχυσης στην Αφρική μέχρι το 2010. Τον Ιούλιο, ο κύκλος Doha των εμπορικών συζητήσεων κατέρρευσε πάλι για την τρίτη φορά δεδομένου ότι οι αναπτυσσόμενες χώρες αρνήθηκαν να υποκύψουν κάτω στην αμερικανική πίεση που επιτρέπει την αυξανόμενη πρόσβαση στις αγορές τους. Αυτοί οι παράγοντες, παράλληλα με την άνοδο στην πείνα ως συνέπεια η κρίση τροφίμων και η επιδείνωση σφαιρική οικονομική κρίση, υπογραμμίστε χαμηλή σφαιρική προτεραιότητα που δίνεται από τα πλούσια έθνη στον κόσμο; φτωχοί του s. Δεσμεύει και υπόσχεται της ενίσχυσης για να ξεριζώσει την ένδεια που γίνεται από τα πλούσια έθνη κατά τη διάρκεια των προηγούμενων τεσσάρων δεκαετιών έχει οδηγήσει σε λίγες αλλαγές για το σφαιρικό νότο. Εάν έχουν σχέση πραγματικά με τη μείωση ένδειας, όλα τα κράτη μέλη του ΟΟΣΑ θα είχαν φθάσει πολύ καιρό πριν στο 0.7% στόχο για την ενίσχυση, που δεσμεύεται μέσω των Ηνωμένων Εθνών το 1970. Τριάντα οκτώ έτη αργότερα, όχι μια ενιαία G8 χώρα έχει εκπληρώσει αυτόν τον στόχο. Οποιεσδήποτε λόγοι ή δικαιολογίες καθίστανται κατά ένα μεγάλο μέρος άσχετες κατά θεωρώντας ότι πήρε ένα θέμα ημερών για τις δυτικές κυβερνήσεις για να βρεί δολάρια κατ' εκτίμηση τρία τρισεκατομμυρίων στις τράπεζες εγκατάλειψης σκάφους που πιάστηκαν στην οικονομική κρίση. Η εκστρατεία χρέους ιωβηλαίου υπολογίζει αυτής ένα λιγότερο από τέταρτο αυτού του ποσού απαιτείται για να σκουπίσει τα χρέη των φτωχότερων 100 χωρών - απλά για να τους επιτρέψει για να συναντήσουν τους ανθρώπους τους; s οι περισσότερες πρώτες ανάγκες. Σε μία εποχή που έχει προκαλέσει η άνοδος στις τιμές τροφίμων πρόσθετοι 105 εκατομμύριο άνθρωποι για να ενώσει τις τάξεις του πεινασμένου, ο αντίκτυπος της οικονομικής κρίσης είναι πιθανό να δει τις ανάγκες των αναπτυσσόμενων χωρών που αποτρέπουνε περαιτέρω ως δυτικές κυβερνήσεις ορμά για να εκτρέψει τα χρήματα για να περιέχει το πρόβλημα. Συστημικές αποτυχίες Δεδομένου ότι αυτές οι κρίσεις επιδεινώνονται, το σφαιρικό σύστημα εμπορικών συναλλαγών συνεχίζει να κάνει περισσότερη ζημιά από καλή. Κύματα εισαγωγών της βαριά επιδοτούμενης πλημμύρας αγαθών οι αγορές των φτωχών χωρών, του λαμβάνοντας ολέθρου στους εσωτερικούς παραγωγούς και της οδήγησης πολλών από την επιχείρηση και ένδεια . Additionally, rich nations consistently force developing countries to lower their tariffs while refusing to do so themselves, thereby denying poor farmers the right to protect their livelihoods. The situation is further exacerbated when considering that two-thirds of developing countries are now net food importers. The WTO and the international trading system that it promotes has served to strengthen the status quo, keeping those at the top of the ladder in place while kicking away the ladder from those at the bottom. Even if the targets for aid and trade were met in the near future, the underlying problems of how trade and aid are administered would continue. Aid would still leave developing countries in a state of dependence upon rich nations and continue to come with conditions attached forcing them to open up their markets to foreign goods and services. Furthermore, aid used by poor countries to pay their external debts would detract them from providing the most basic needs for their citizens. On a broader level, the unaccountable and undemocratic ways in which the World Bank, the IMF and the WTO function would not be addressed, much less resolved, while the enormous influence of corporate lobbying groups would persist. Calling for better trade rules and more aid to reduce poverty and growing inequality is not enough to achieve real change. The neoliberal ideologies of economic growth are enshrined in the very institutions that are designed to help developing countries prosper. A belief in the free market, deregulation, privatization and corporate globalization is the basis upon which these institutions operate. We have seen in recent weeks how unsustainable the current economic system is and how liable it is of causing a financial tsunami upon the lives of people everywhere. The biggest financial crisis since the 1930s is not taking place in a vacuum - its roots are based in the neoliberal ideologies stemming from the Washington Consensus dating back to the 1980s. Only a few weeks ago, it seemed we had reached a stage where the conceptual apparatus of neoliberalism had become ?so embedded in common sense as to be taken for granted and not open to question.? Since then, the world?s most profitable banks have been part-nationalized, a worldwide recession is looming and a global crisis in confidence in the current economic model has become the norm. Recent events have demonstrated that to continue working within the confines of the global economic framework may result in slight changes for a small proportion of the world?s poor, but will not be significant enough to achieve targets such as the UN?s Millennium Development Goal of halving hunger by 2015. This goal, which is already insufficient, was made further unattainable since the World Bank revised the international poverty line from $1.08 to $1.25 per day, effectively plunging a further 430 million people into extreme poverty overnight. Securing Basic Human Needs The current economic system, based on ever-increasing economic growth as the overarching solution to fighting poverty, is both ineffective and unsustainable. The key to tackling poverty and inequality must come from a change in principles and priorities from which practical steps can be taken to put long-term structures in place. One such solution would be to define and redistribute essential resources in order to immediately secure basic human needs. The universal right to a life of dignity and survival has long been enshrined in article 25 of the 1948 UN Declaration of Human Rights which states that ?everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing, medical care and necessary social services.? There is no reason why 967 million people should go to bed hungry every day. The problem is not defined by a scarcity of food, but by the insufficient access to resources for millions of the world?s poor who lack the necessary purchasing power to survive. The ?trickle-down theory? of economic growth, or the political promise that wealth accumulated by the rich would eventually permeate down through society, has proven to be grossly insufficient in dealing with the urgent demand for basic and essential needs. To immediately reduce inequality and end extreme poverty, a new international mechanism is required which can facilitate a greater economic sharing of essential resources. The most critical of these are land, basic agricultural produce, water, energy and essential medicines, which together need to be defined, withdrawn and protected from international markets and no longer traded by multinational corporations. A similar initiative was supported by over 100 civil society organizations at the recent WTO talks. Bolivia, Cuba, Venezuela and Nicaragua presented a proposal to remove healthcare, education, water, telecommunications and energy from the WTO ?on the basis that these essential public services are human rights which governments have an obligation to provide, and should not be treated as tradable commodities.? Although the UN is in need of considerable reform, it should play a lead role in redistributing essential resources. It is the only international body with the experience, expertise and financial resources to initiate and coordinate such a crucial program. A new body within the UN needs to be responsible for a short-term emergency relief program to address the urgent needs of the 50,000 people who die each day from poverty, of which 30,000 are children. Simultaneously, a long-term program could begin to coordinate securing the wider basic needs of the global public. A genuine change in principles and a renewed sense of commitment is urgently needed to tackle extreme poverty and inequality. A global undertaking of this scale would not come without further challenges and complexities, but it would lead to rapid and progressive change as low-income countries lift themselves out of poverty without permanently relying on financial hand-outs. Campaigning for the redistribution of essential resources, rather than just more aid or fairer trade, is the first vital step to securing the basic needs of the world community. Have Your Say: Ending Poverty: Moving Beyond More Aid and Fair Trade Please read our posting guidelines before posting. Alternatively you can discuss this report here. Related News
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