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De doelstellingen van de burgerrechtenklacht de classificatiefirma's van Wall Street

Zaterdag, 29 November, 2008
Berokkenden de hoge classificaties van Moody's en van Fitch van subprimepandbrieven onevenredig zwarte en Latino huiskopers, beweert de Nationale Communautaire Coalitie van de Herinvestering.
Door Kenneth R. Harney |
In wat blijkbaar de eerste gerechtelijke stappen van zijn soort is, heeft een vereniging van de organisaties van communautaire aard een federale burgerrechtenklacht tegen twee van de drie grootste de classificatiefirma's van Wall Street ingediend laden, die dat hun opgeblazen classificaties op subprimepandbrieven onevenredig financieel kwaad aan Afrikaanse Amerikaanse en Latino huiskopers over het land veroorzaakten.

De klacht, die door de Nationale Communautaire Coalitie van de Herinvestering wordt ingediend, beweert dat de Dienst van de Investeerders van Moody's en de Classificaties zich Fitch door hoge classificaties aan banden verrijkten toe te wijzen die door hypotheken „worden gesteund die om“ wegens „oneerlijke betalingstermijnen en de ontoereikende niveaus van het lenersinkomen werden ontworpen te ontbreken.“

De firma's „wisten het of zouden moeten het geweten hebben“ dat subprime de leningen onevenredig aan minderheidsconsumenten op de markt werden gebracht - een proces dat als „omgekeerde wordt bekend dat“ als krottengebied afschrijft - en dat die leners uiteindelijk in gebreke zouden blijven en in verhindering aan hoge tarieven, volgens de klacht van de coalitie zouden gaan.

Zei Leidende Directeur David Weinfurter van Fitch NCRC die „volledig zonder verdienste is indient, en Fitch bedoelt krachtig te verdedigen.“ Moody's had geen directe commentaar.

Het indienen haalt veelvoudige studies aan die vonden dat Afrikaanse Amerikanen en Latinos een onevenredig aandeel subprimeleningen tijdens de jaren van de huisvestingsboom ontvingen. Een studie van de Federale Reserve in 2006 schatte dat 45% van hypotheken zich tot Latinos uitbreidde en 55% van leningen aan Afrikaanse Amerikanen waren subprime - een bezettingsgraad „drie tot vier keer dat van nietSpaans wit.“

Omdat de leningen zelf vaak met termijnen kwamen die leners' waarschijnlijkheid van gebrek verhoogden - upfront teaser tarieven die door de onbetaalbare aanpassingen van de het terugstellenbetaling, geen vereiste documentatie van kandidaten' inkomens of activa worden gevolgd, plus hefty vooruitbetalingssancties - Afrikaanse Amerikanen met subprimehypotheken worden ontworpen om $71 miljard tot $92 miljard door verhinderingen te verliezen, terwijl Latinos wordt ontworpen om $75 miljard tot $98 miljard, volgens één studie te verliezen die in de klacht wordt aangehaald.

„Subprime waren de leningen billijk verdeeld,“ de klachtenramingen, „verliezen want het wit 44.5% hoger zou zijn en de verliezen voor mensen van kleur zouden 24%.“ ongeveer lager zijn

Een derde classificatiefirma met zware betrokkenheid in de subprimeboom, de Norm & Corp. van Armen, werd niet genoemd is in de klacht maar „in besprekingen“ met NCRC, bovengenoemd David Berenbaum, de uitvoerende ondervoorzitter van de groep geweest. If the discussions with S&P prove “unsatisfactory,” he said, the company could be the subject of a separate action.

The NCRC filed its complaint with the Department of Housing and Urban Development’s fair housing and equal opportunity unit. After a review, HUD could either dismiss the allegations or refer the case to the Justice Department of the incoming Obama administration for litigation next year. If HUD fails to respond adequately, the NCRC says it may file a federal civil lawsuit.

The civil rights complaint is the latest in a series of lawsuits, regulatory investigations and congressional criticism of the rating firms’ roles and conduct during the mortgage bond heyday years of 2003-05. In dollar terms, subprime and so-called Alt-A no-documentation loans accounted for 32% of all mortgage originations in 2005. Their share had been 10% two years before. Virtually all of those high-risk loans were sold to Wall Street firms for inclusion in complex bond structures that were resold, often in bits and pieces, to pension funds and financial institutions.

The traditional function of the rating firms has been that of Wall Street’s “gatekeepers,” evaluating the risks involved in the collateral backing bonds. Their assignment of investment-grade ratings to securities based on high-risk mortgages — and their subsequent mass lowering of those ratings as default losses piled up — has earned them scorching criticism from investors, regulators and Congress.

Much of the criticism focused on the fact that the firms are paid lucrative fees for their ratings by bond issuers themselves — not investors — thereby creating potential conflicts of interest. The firms also competed with one another to rate subprime loan securitizations, creating additional pressure to provide the most favorable possible ratings.

The Securities and Exchange Commission investigated the rating firms this year and found “serious shortcomings” at Moody’s, Fitch and S&P, including lack of oversight of conflicts of interest. Investigators also turned up evidence that employees apparently knew that some of the mortgage pools they were rating were potentially toxic.

In one instant-message exchange, an analyst reportedly called a deal “ridiculous. . . . We should not be rating it.” A colleague responded: “We rate every deal. It could be structured by cows and we would rate it.”

Critics such as Berenbaum contend that without mass securitizations of high-risk mortgages — with stamps of approval from the rating firms — far fewer subprime loans would have been made, and far fewer minority home buyers would have ended up in foreclosure.


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This entry was posted on Saturday, November 29th, 2008 at 10:05 am and is filed under Business News, Surveillance, Civil Liberties & Human Rights News . You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
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