是什么非法的“东西”是政府在2001-2004年做？

Wednesday, September 17th, 2008 周三， 2008年9月17日

Glenn Greenwald -格伦格林瓦德- Salon.com salon.com | For the second consecutive day, The Washington Post has published |为连续第2天， 华盛顿邮报已出版 an excerpt 1摘录 from reporter Barton Gellman’s从记者巴顿gellman的 new book on the Cheney Vice Presidency新著对切尼副总统 , and it provides still more details on the intense confrontation in March, 2004 between the Bush Justice Department and the Cheney-led White House over the DOJ’s refusal to certify the legality of the NSA’s domestic spying activities. ，它提供了更详细的激烈对抗，在2004年3月之间，布什司法部和切尼领导的白宫，美国司法部拒绝证明的合法性，国家安全局的国内间谍活动。 As has been known ever since作为已众所周知，自从 Deputy Attorney General James Comey testified before the Senate in May, 2007副总检察长詹姆斯Comey ）作证之前，美国参议院在2007年5月 , all of the top-level DOJ officials — including Attorney General John Ashcroft, Comey and FBI Director Robert Mueller — told President Bush they would resign immediately because Bush ordered the NSA surveillance program to continue even after his own Justice Department told him it was patently illegal . ，所有的高层律政司官员-其中包括美国司法部长阿什克罗夫特， C omey）和联邦调查局局长罗伯特米勒-告诉布什总统，他们会立刻辞职，因为布什下令国家安全局的监察计划继续，甚至后，他自己的司法部告诉他，这是很明显非法的 。 Comey Comey ） drafted his resignation letter起草辞职信 , calling Bush’s spying activities “an apocalyptic situation” because he had “been asked to be a part of something that is fundamentally wrong.” ，呼吁布什的间谍活动， “一世界末日的情况” ，因为他已“被要求一部份的东西，这是根本错误的” 。

Such an en masse resignation in the middle of an election year was averted only when Bush finally agreed to change certain aspects of the surveillance program in order to persuade these DOJ officials to endorse its legality.这种集体辞职在中东的一个选举年，避免了只有当布什终于同意改变某些方面的监察计划，以便说服这些律政司官员赞同其合法性。 The illegal NSA spying program revealed by The New York Times in December, 2005 that created so much political controversy — whereby the Bush administration was spying on Americans without the warrants required by law — was a program that was actually endorsed and authorized by these same DOJ officials.非法的国家安全局监听计划显示，由新的纽约时报在2005年12月创造了这么多的政治争论-即布什政府正在刺探有关美国人没有认股权证的法律规定-是一个程序，实际上是赞同，并授权由这些相同的律政司官员。 The program we learned about was the “compromise” program that Bush implemented in 2004 in order to avoid their resignation.该计划，我们了解是“妥协”计划，布什于2004年实施，以避免他们的辞职。 That’s how extreme — what right-wing, executive-power-loving ideologues — these DOJ officials are: they are the ones who authorized and endorsed the illegal NSA program that we came to learn about.这是如何的极端-什么右翼，行政权力的爱好理论家-这是美国司法部官员的是：他们是谁的授权，并获得通过非法的国家安全局的计划，我们来了解。

But whatever it was that the Bush administration was doing in spying on Americans for years prior to March, 2004 was so extreme, so patently illegal, so unconscionable that even these right-wing DOJ Bush appointees, who approved of the ultimate warrantless eavesdropping program , were ready to resign en masse if those spying activities continued.但无论如何，这是说，布什政府这样做是在从事间谍活动的美国人对多年之前， 2004年3月是如此极端，因此，很明显是非法的，因此，不合情理，即使这些右翼律政司布什任命的，谁批准的最终授权的窃听计划 ，正准备集体辞职 ，如果这些间谍活动仍在继续。 Here is how Gellman, in his book, describes the March, 2004 “compromise” that resulted in the “less illegal” and less extreme NSA spying program that the DOJ officials approved:这里是如何gellman ，在他的书中，描述了2004年3月“妥协” ，导致在“少非法的”和极端的国家安全局监听计划表示，美国司法部官员的批准：

The FBI director was no more tractable than Comey.联邦调查局主任没有更多tractable比Comey ）。 This was a rule-of-law question, he told the president, and the answer was in the Justice Department.这是一个法治的问题，他告诉总统，答案是在美国司法部。 The FBI could not participate in operations that Justice held to be in breach of criminal law.美国联邦调查局不能参加作战的正义举行将在违反刑法。 If those were [the President's] orders, he would respectfully take his leave.如果那些人[总统的]的订单，他会尊重他的离开。 . 。 . 。 . 。
Seven days later, Bush amended his March 11 directive.七天后，布什修订，他3月11日指令。 The legal certification belonged again to the attorney general. The surveillance program stopped doing some things, and it did other things differently .法律认证属于再次向总检察长。 监视程序停止做一些事情，并没有其他的东西不同 。 Much of the operation remained in place.大部分的运作仍留在地方。 Not all of it.并非所有的资讯科技。

Think about that: in order to persuade the DOJ officials not to resign, “the surveillance program stopped doing some things, and it did other things differently.” What “things” did the NSA stop doing in March, 2004 — and what “things” did it start doing differently — in order to convince Ashcroft, Mueller and Comey to remain in their jobs?想一想：在以说服美国司法部官员不要辞职， “监察计划停止做一些事情，并没有其他的东西不同。 ”什么“东西”没有国家安全局停止这样做，在2004年3月-什么“的东西， “没有开始做不同的-在以说服阿什克罗夫特，穆勒和C omey）留在自己的工作呢？ This is one of the greatest political scandals of the Bush era — not merely the commission of these illegal acts but the fact that they remain concealed from the public – and it’s also one of the most illustrative episodes of how our Government now works, of the extreme secrecy and illegality that characterizes it at its core, and of the complicity of both parties in all of this.这是其中一个最大的政治丑闻，布什时代-不仅仅是委员会对这些非法行为，但事实上他们仍然掩盖从公众-这也是一个最能说明情节如何，我们的政府现在工程，的极端保密和非法性的特点，它在其核心，和共谋，双方在所有这一切。

We know (even according to Bush’s own right-wing, highest-level DOJ officials) that, for years, the Government was violating the criminal law (ie, committing felonies) in how it spied on us, and did so in ways that were so severe that even the President’s own appointees — who proved they were willing to endorse plainly illegal spying programs — were nonetheless ready to destroy the President’s 2004 re-election bid by resigning if those activities continued.我们知道，（即使是根据布什的自己的右翼，级别最高的美国司法部官员）说，多年来，政府是违反了刑法 （即犯下重罪）在如何对我们的间谍，这样做的方式被如此严重，即使是总统自己的任命-谁证明，他们愿意支持显然是非法的间谍程式-然而，准备摧毁总统的2 0 04年竞选连任的出价辞职，如果这些活动继续下去。 At least according to what the Government claims, these illegal activities — what Gellman cryptically calls “these things” — stopped in March, 2004, when Bush ordered the program changed in order to satisfy the DOJ.至少根据什么政府宣称，这些非法活动-什么g ellmanc ryptically呼吁： “这些东西” -停止在2 0 04年3月，当布什下令计划改变，以满足美国司法部。 Thus, what possible rationale exists for continuing to conceal from the country the extreme lawbreaking in which our Government was engaged during this time — more than four years ago?因此，什么可能的理由存在，继续隐瞒从该国的极端违法，使我们的政府是从事在这段时间-四年多前？

Of course, we almost certainly would have learned the answers to these questions — or, at the very least, obtained a judicial ruling that the Government broke the law — had the telecom lawsuits been allowed to proceed.当然，我们几乎可以肯定将汲取了这些问题的答案-或者，至少，获得了司法裁决，认为政府违反了法律-电信的诉讼，被允许继续进行。 But thanks to the Congressional leadership of both parties, with the support of both major presidential candidates (though over the opposition of the Democratic Vice Presidential nominee), those lawsuits were killed, stopped in their tracks, when the telecom industry was retroactively immunized for their lawbreaking.但由于美国国会的领导，当事双方的支持下，与两个主要总统候选人（虽然超过反对党的民主党副总统候选人），这些诉讼被打死，停止在其轨道上，当电信业是溯及既往免疫接种，为他们的违法。

At this point, it is extremely easy to understand why not only the White House and Congressional Republicans, but also the Democratic leadership, was so eager to ensure that this law-breaking remain concealed from the public and that there are never any consequences for it.在这一点上，这是非常容易理解为什么不仅白宫和国会共和党人，而且民主党的领导下，是如此渴望，以确保这项违法仍然隐瞒了公众和有没有任何的后果，它。 It’s because,这是因为， as is true for so much of the Bush radicalism and lawbreaking over the years由于是真正的为这么多的布什激进主义和违法多年来 , top Democrats were ，顶端民主党人 fully aware of what was taking place充分意识到什么正在发生 and either explicitly endorsed the lawbreaking or, with full complicity, allowed it to continue.要么明确赞同或违法，充分共谋，允许它继续。 In his book, Gellman details a March 10, 2004 meeting convened by Dick Cheney regarding the DOJ’s objections to the NSA surveillance programs — in which various Bush national security officials were present along with “the four ranking members of the House and the Senate, and the chairmen and vice chairmen of the intelligence committees” — and this is what Gellman writes:在他的书中， gellman详情2004年3月10日召开的一次会议上切尼关于美国司法部的反对国家安全局的监视计划-在各种布什的国家安全官员当时在场随着“四个排名众议院议员和参议院，以及主席和副主席的情报委员会“ -这是什么g ellman写道：

With a nod from Cheney, [then-NSA Director Gen. Michael Hayden] walked through the program’s vital mission.与一点头，从切尼， [当时的美国国家安全局主任上将迈克尔海登]步行通过该计划的重要使命。 Gonzales said top lawyers at the NSA and Justice had green-lighted the program from the beginning.冈萨雷斯说，顶端的律师在美国国家安全局和司法绿色明亮的计划从一开始。 Now Attorney General John D. Ashcroft was in the hospital, and James B. Comey, Ashcroft’s deputy, refused to certify that the surveillance was legal.现在总检察长约翰阿什克罗夫特是在医院里，和James Comey ）乙，阿什克罗夫特的副手，拒绝出具证明，证明监察是合法的。
That was misleading at best.这是误导，在最好的。 Cheney and Gonzales knew that Comey spoke for Ashcroft as well.切尼和冈萨雷斯知道Comey ）发言阿什克罗夫特以及。 They also knew, but chose not to mention, that Jack L. Goldsmith, chief of the Office of Legal Counsel at Justice, had been warning of major legal problems for months.他们也知道，但选择不提，杰克属金，办公室主任，法律顾问在司法，已警告，主要的法律问题，为个月。
More than three years later, Gonzales would testify that there was “consensus in the room” from the lawmakers, “who said, ‘Despite the recommendation of the deputy attorney general, go forward with these very important intelligence activities.’” By this account — disputed by participants from both parties — four Democrats and four Republicans counseled Cheney to press on with a program that Justice called illegal .三年多后，冈萨雷斯将作证有“的共识，在房间内”从国会议员， “谁说， '尽管的建议，副检察长，往前走，与这些非常重要的情报活动” 。由此帐户-有争议的与会者来自双方-四民主党人和共和党人4辅导切尼记者，就与程序正义的所谓非法。
In fact, Cheney asked the lawmakers a question that came close to answering itself.事实上，在切尼要求国会议员的问题，接近回答本身。 Could the House and Senate amend surveillance laws without raising suspicions that a new program had been launched?可以众议院和参议院的修改监察法不需提高怀疑一项新的计划已经展开？ The obvious reply became a new rationale for keeping Congress out.明显的答复，成为新的理据保持国会。

Though there is dispute about whether these members of Congress expressly endorsed the continuation of the illegal program, there is no dispute that the meeting took place and that these members were repeatedly briefed on the spying program — not only after 2004, but before 2004.虽然有纠纷，是否这些美国国会议员明确表示赞同继续非法程序，有不争的事实举行了一次会议，并表示，这些委员多次听取了有关窃听计划-不仅是2 004年以后，但在2 004年之前。 This specific meeting described by Gellman, and the briefings generally, included Nancy Pelosi, Jane Harman, Steney Hoyer, and Jay Rockefeller — all of whom voted to put an end to the telecom lawsuits (and thereby ensure that these crimes remain concealed), and the latter two of whom were, far and away, the key forces behind the new law that killed the lawsuits looking into these spying activities (and then本次会议的具体描述gellman ，和一般的简报，包括佩洛西，哈曼， steney hoyer ，和杰伊洛克菲勒-所有这些人都投赞成票，以结束电信的诉讼（从而确保这些罪行保持隐蔽），以及后两个人，远远远离，关键势力背后的新法律，这项法律死亡的诉讼寻找到这些间谍活动，（然后 joined Bush and Cheney at a festive, bipartisan White House signing ceremony to celebrate their joint victory加入布什和切尼在一个节日，两党在白宫的签署仪式，以庆祝他们联合的胜利 ). ）。

If we had an even minimally transparent and open government, or an even theoretically extant opposition party, it would be unthinkable that these crimes would remain concealed, uninvestigated and unpunished.如果我们有一个甚至微透明和公开的政府，或什至在理论上现存的在野党，它会不堪设想，这些罪行将继续隐蔽， uninvestigated和受到惩罚。 Instead, we have deeply corrupt and complicit leadership in both parties that act in unison to protect the culpable actors (ie, themselves), while neither reporters nor citizens seem particularly interested in learning about the illegal “things” our Government did for years in spying on us and our communications.相反，我们深深舞弊及共犯的领导，在双方的这一行径异口同声地保护罪责的行动者（即自己），而既不是记者也不是公民，似乎特别有兴趣学习有关的非法“的事情： ”我们的政府没有为年在从事间谍活动对我们和我们的通讯。 Did they listen in on our exclusively domestic calls, read our emails, do physical searches by breaking into our homes all without warrants, engage in other types of equally intrusive and illegal surveillance?他们在听我们的专门国内电话，请阅读我们的电子邮件，这样做的物理搜寻闯入我们的家园，所有没有逮捕证，从事其他类型的同样的侵扰和非法监视？

As former DOJ official Marty Lederman wrote last year in the wake of the Comey revelations — after detailing how extraordinary were these threats to resign from these right-wing DOJ officials — in正如前美国司法部官员马蒂莱德曼写道，去年在因应Comey ）的启示-经过详细说明如何不平凡的被这些威胁辞职，从这些右翼律政司官员-在 a post entitled: “Can You Even Imagine How Bad it Must Have Been?”一个职位，题为： “你能想象有多糟糕，它必须是被” ？ : ：

If that’s the narrow version of the NSA program, just how broad and indiscriminate was the surveillance under the program that Ashcroft, et al.如果这是狭隘的版本的国家安全局的计划，只是如何广泛和不分青红皂白地被监视下的程序阿什克罗夫特，等人。 would not approve?会不会批准？ . 。 . 。 . 。 This is the real heart of the Comey story — What happened between September 2001 and October 2003, before Comey and Goldmsith came aboard?这才是真正的核心部分Comey ）的故事-发生了什么2 001年9月至2 003年1 0月，前C omey）和g oldmsith来到船上呢？ Just how radical were the Administration’s legal judgments?如何根治被政府当局的法律判决？ How extreme were the programs they implemented?如何极端的人的程序，他们实施？ How egregious was the lawbreaking?如何令人震惊的是违法？

We still have no idea, and we (meaning our political and media class) don’t seem to care all that much.我们仍然不知道，我们（指我们的政治和媒体班）似乎并不照顾所有的那么多。 We know the President committed felonies by engaging in activities which his own ideologically-sympathetic DOJ officials declared were violative of the criminal law.我们知道，总统承诺的重罪，从事的活动，其中他自己在思想上-同情司法部官员宣布，分别为违反刑事法。 We know this went on for years, and that he stopped only when it became clear that his political career would be destroyed by massive DOJ resignations if he continued.我们知道，这一过程持续了多年，他停止了，只有当人们清楚地看到他的政治生涯会被销毁大规模律政司辞职，如果他继续。 But we are content not to know what he did, what the extent of the lawbreaking was, and what was done with the criminally-obtained information about US citizens.但我们的内容不知道他的所作所为，什么程度是违法，什么是做与刑事责任-获得资讯的美国公民。

Have Your Say: What illegal “things” was the government doing in 2001-2004? 你说：什么非法的“东西”是政府在2001-2004年做？
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What illegal “things” was the government doing in 2001-2004?是什么非法的“东西”是政府在2001-2004年做？