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 | Translate: 翻譯：               US defense secretary expands pre-emptive war doctrine to include nuclear strikes美國國防部長拉姆斯菲爾德展開先發製人的戰爭理論，包括核打擊 Saturday, November 1st, 2008 星期六， 2008年11月1日 By通過 Alex Lantier亞歷克斯Lantier |In a remarkable speech on nuclear policy delivered October 28 at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (CEIP), US Defense Secretary Robert Gates painted a dire portrait of international affairs and argued that Washington should expand the doctrine of pre-emptive war formulated by the Bush administration to include possible nuclear strikes.在一個顯著的講話的核政策提供10月28日在卡內基國際和平基金會（ CEIP ） ，美國國防部長羅伯特蓋茨描繪了一幅可怕的畫像國際事務，並認為美國應擴大先發製人的戰爭制定了布什管理，包括可能的核攻擊。 It is widely rumored that, in the likely event that Democrat Barack Obama wins next week’s US presidential election, Obama will keep Gates as defense secretary.這是盛傳，在可能的事件，民主黨奧巴馬贏得下週的美國總統大選，奧巴馬將繼續蓋茨的國防部長。 Gates’ speech, given in the waning days of the Bush presidency, has the character of a policy declaration of the next US administration.蓋茨的講話，因為在減弱天的布什總統，有性質的政策宣言下屆美國政府。 Gates began by making extended and ominous parallels between the world situation today and that which prevailed at the founding of the Carnegie Institute in 1910, four years before the outbreak of World War I. At the time, he noted, Wall Street was passing through the panic of 1910-1911 and facing a credit crisis, the US had recently put down an insurgency in the Philippines at a cost of 4,200 American lives, comparable to today’s US death toll in Iraq, and “Europe was arming itself to the teeth and forming a series of alliances whose implications were obvious to anyone who cared to look.”蓋茨開始通過延長和不祥的相似之處世界形勢和今天盛行的成立卡內基研究所於1910年，四年前爆發的第一次世界大戰時，他指出，華爾街通過恐慌的10年至11年，並面臨信用危機，美國最近已平息叛亂在菲律賓的費用為4200美國人的生命相比，今天的美國死亡人數在伊拉克，和“歐洲武裝到了牙齒並形成了一系列的聯盟，其影響是顯而易見的任何人誰照顧尋找。 “ Gates argued that the pacifist illusions promoted by CEIP founder Andrew Carnegie—a US steel magnate at the turn of the 20th century, most famous in the working class movement for the brutal suppression of the 1892 Homestead strike against his company—— should not deter Washington from planning broader war.蓋茨認為，和平的幻想推動CEIP創始人安德魯卡耐基，美國鋼鐵大王之交的20世紀，最有名的工人階級運動的殘酷鎮壓的1892年宅地打擊，他的公司-不應阻止華盛頓從規劃更廣泛的戰爭。 He noted, “In August of 1913, Carnegie said that ‘the only measure required today for the maintenance of world peace is an agreement between three or four of the leading civilized powers… pledged to cooperate against disturbers of world peace.’” Gates pointed out that, writing four years later to President Woodrow Wilson, who had been elected in 1916 on a platform of keeping the US out of the world war, “the same Andrew Carnegie encouraged the president in the strongest terms to declare war, because, he wrote, ‘There is only one straight way of settlement.’”他指出， “在1913年8月，卡內基說， '唯一的衡量今天需要為維護世界和平是雙方之間的協議三或四個主要文明的權力...保證合作打擊disturbers世界和平。 ”蓋茨指出指出，寫作，四年後，以總統伍德羅威爾遜，誰被選為1916年的一個平台，對保持美國的世界戰爭“ ，同時鼓勵卡內基總統以最強烈的措辭宣戰，因為他寫道， '只有一個直接的方式解決。 “ Turning to US nuclear policy, Gates said, “As long as others have nuclear weapons, we must maintain some level of these weapons ourselves: to deter potential adversaries, and to reassure over two dozen allies and partners who rely on our nuclear umbrella for their security—making it unnecessary for them to develop their own.”在談到美國的核政策，蓋茨說， “只要其他國家擁有核武器，我們必須保持一定程度的這些武器自己：以阻止潛在敵人，並保證20多個盟國和夥伴誰依靠我們的核保護傘的安全成為不必要為他們發展自己的。 “ This comment gives a sense of the highly tense and unstable character of international relations, and the paranoia of US officials.這一評論給一種高度緊張和不穩定性質的國際關係，以及偏執的美國官員。 Gates’ fears about the spread of nuclear weapons are not limited to existing programs of “potential adversaries,” among which Gates included “rogue states such as North Korea and Iran, or Russian or Chinese strategic modernization programs.” His fears extend to the nuclear policy of all states, including current US allies.蓋茨擔心核武器擴散不局限於現有程序的“潛在對手” ，其中包括蓋茨“無賴國家，如朝鮮和伊朗，或俄羅斯或中國現代化建設的戰略計劃。 ”他的擔心擴展到核政策的所有國家，包括目前美國的盟國。 Gates later repeated this point: “We simply cannot predict the future.蓋茨後來重複了這一點： “我們根本無法預測未來。 [...] our adversaries and other nations will always seek whatever advantages they can find. [...]我們的對手和其他國家將始終尋求什麼優勢，他們可以找到。 Knowing that, we have to be prepared for contingencies we haven’t even considered.”明白這一點，我們必須準備應急我們甚至還沒有考慮。 “ Gates’ list of US-friendly states that have chosen not to develop nuclear weapons was significant: South Korea, Taiwan, Brazil, Argentina, South Africa, and Libya.蓋茨的名單親美指出，選擇不發展核武器，有顯著：韓國，台灣，巴西，阿根廷，南非和利比亞。 Two of the most obvious such countries—ex-World War II enemies Japan and Germany—were not included.兩個最明顯的這樣的國家當然第二次世界大戰的敵人日本和德國，不在此列。 Gates did not explain what political factors induced him to omit them.蓋茨沒有解釋什麼是政治因素所致他忽略他們。 Gates then issued a remarkable threat: “As long as other states have or seek nuclear weapons—and can potentially threaten us, our allies and friends—then we must have a deterrent capacity that makes it clear that challenging the US in the nuclear arena—or with other weapons of mass destruction—could result in an overwhelming, catastrophic response.蓋茨隨後發表了一份了不起的威脅： “只要其他國家或尋求核武器，並有可能威脅到我們，我們的盟國和朋友，然後我們必須有一種威懾能力，清楚地表明，挑戰美國在核領域，或與其他大規模殺傷性武器可能造成絕大多數，災難性的反應。 According to Gates, the US must be able to credibly threaten a nuclear holocaust against any state that “challenges” the US in the nuclear arena or with other “weapons of mass destruction.” By his own words, such a challenge does not require a nation to threaten to attack the US.據蓋茨，美國必須能夠令人信服地威脅核浩劫反對任何國家的“挑戰” ，美國在核領域或與其他“大規模殺傷性武器。 ”通過他自己的話說，這種挑戰並不需要國家威脅要攻擊美國。 It does not even require that a nation possess nuclear weapons or other WMD.它甚至沒有規定，一個國家擁有核武器或其他大規模殺傷性武器。 It is enough for a nation merely to “seek” such weapons for it to become a potential target for a preemptive “overwhelming, catastrophic response” from the United States.這是足以讓一個國家僅僅是為了“尋求”這種武器為它成為一個潛在的目標為先發製人“的絕大多數，災難性的反應”來自美國。 Such a doctrine has immense implications not only for US nuclear weapons programs, but for the totality of US foreign policy.這一理論具有巨大的影響不僅對美國核武器計劃，但對整個美國的外交政策。 It stipulates that every foreign power in the world must believe that attempting to develop nuclear weapons invites US nuclear attack.它規定，每個外國勢力在世界上必須相信，試圖發展核武器邀請美國的核攻擊。 Thus, the US would arguably be obliged to attack with nuclear weapons countries which it accused of developing nuclear weapons—such as Iran and North Korea—lest the rest of the world conclude that the US will not carry out its threats.因此，可以說美國將不得不攻擊，核武器國家指責它發展核武器，如伊朗和北朝鮮，否則世界其他地方的結束，美國將不會履行其威脅。 Gates is filling out the Bush doctrine of pre-emptive war—announced in advance of the unprovoked invasion of Iraq based on lies about supposed Iraqi weapons of mass destruction—with the proviso that a US first-strike can involve the large-scale use of nuclear weapons.蓋茨填寫布什先發製人的戰爭提前宣布的無端入侵伊拉克的謊言，理應伊拉克大規模殺傷性武器，但條件是美國第一次打擊可以參與大規模使用核武器。 In his speech, he called for a substantial increase in nuclear weapons spending, including the possible resumption of nuclear weapons testing.他在演說中要求大幅度增加核武器的開支，包括可能恢復核武器試驗。 “There is absolutely no way we can maintain a credible deterrent and reduce the number of weapons in our stockpile without either resorting to testing our stockpile or pursuing a modernization program,” he declared. “絕對沒有這樣我們可以保持可靠的威懾，減少數量的武器儲存在我們沒有任何訴諸測試我們的儲存或推行現代化計劃， ”他宣稱。 Citing a “bleak” prognosis for overcoming technical and staffing problems of US strategic nuclear weapons programs, Gates explained that his policies involved the largest and most powerful US weapons: “The program we propose is not about new capabilities—suitcase bombs or bunker-busters or tactical nukes.引用“暗淡”預後為克服技術和人員編制問題的美國的戰略核武計劃，蓋茨解釋說，他的政策，涉及最大和最強大的美國武器： “這項計劃，我們建議不是新的功能，手提箱炸彈或掩體破壞者或戰術核彈。 [...] It is about the future credibility of our strategic deterrent.” [...]這是對未來的信譽，我們的戰略威懾力量。 “ Gates also addressed concerns about the command structure of the US Air Force’s nuclear forces, sparked by his June 5 sackings of several top Air Force officials after it was discovered that US nuclear missile parts had been shipped to Taiwan.蓋茨還談到擔心的指揮結構美國空軍的核力量，其引發的6月5日解僱了前空軍官員後，人們發現美國的核導彈部件已運到台灣。 At the time, the World Socialist Web Site raised the question of whether the shipment to Taiwan had been part of an unofficial foreign policy carried out by rogue sections of the US military.當時，世界社會主義網站提出了一個問題，是否運到了台灣的一部分，一個非官方的外交政策進行了無賴部分美軍。 However, the bourgeois press accepted official explanations that this had been a simple technical oversight.然而，資產階級的新聞接受官方的解釋，這是一個簡單的技術監督。 But Gates’ proposals centered not on fixing technical problems with Air Force shipping protocols, but rather on controlling Air Force policy.但是，蓋茨的建議，中心沒有固定的技術問題，美國空軍出貨協議，而是在控制空軍的政策。 He announced measures to centralize “nuclear policy and oversight,” including a new headquarters office at the Air Staff and a Nuclear Weapons Center at Kirtland Air Force Base, which is to be tasked with “clearing up ambiguous chains of command that have created problems in the past.”他宣布的措施，集中“的核政策和監督” ，其中包括一個新的總部辦公室在空軍工作人員和核武器中心柯特蘭空軍基地，這是要負責“清理含糊不清的指揮系統已經建立的問題過去的。 “ Gates closed by listing several types of attack that the US might use “deterrence,” nuclear or otherwise, to prevent.蓋茨關閉上市幾種類型的攻擊，美國可能會使用“威懾， ”核或其他方式，以防止。 He spoke of developing “appropriate” responses to cyber-attacks on US computer systems, to deterring attacks on US communications satellites (which could be carried out only by countries with technologically advanced militaries) and of developing “new technologies to identify the forensic signature” of nuclear material, which would allow the US to “hold any state, terrorist group, or other non-state actor or individual fully accountable for supporting or enabling terrorist efforts to obtain or use weapons of mass destruction.”他說，發展中國家“適當”的反應，網絡攻擊美國的計算機系統，以阻止攻擊美國通信衛星（可以進行只有通過國家技術先進的軍隊）和發展中國家的“新技術，以查明法醫簽字”核材料，這將使美國“持有任何國家，恐怖組織，或其他非國家行為者或個別承擔全部責任或支持恐怖主義的努力能夠獲得或使用大規模殺傷性武器。 ” It should be pointed out that several of these types of attack—especially cyber-attack and terrorist attacks with weapons of mass destruction—are by their nature difficult to track, and leave open the possibility of manipulation by Washington.應當指出，一些這些類型的攻擊，特別是網絡攻擊和恐怖襲擊與大規模殺傷性武器是根據其性質難以追踪，離開的可能性操縱的華盛頓。 This is perhaps best shown by the 2001 anthrax attacks, which were carried out using spores from a US Army lab at Fort Detrick and ultimately blamed on a US civilian scientist working at Fort Detrick, but which the media long blamed on Muslim terrorists.這也許是最好的證明2001年的炭疽熱攻擊，進行了利用孢子從美國陸軍實驗室德特里克堡的指責，並最終在美國民警工作的科學家在德特里克堡，但只要媒體指責穆斯林恐怖分子。 In assessing the significance of Gates’ remarkably bellicose comments, it should be noted that Gates’ justification of pre-emptive nuclear war is not isolated.在評估的重要意義蓋茨的顯著好戰的意見，應當指出的是，蓋茨的理由先發製人的核戰爭不是孤立的。 In April, then-Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton said that if Iran attacked Israel, the US would respond by “obliterating” Iran.今年4月，當時的民主黨總統候選人希拉里克林頓說，如果伊朗攻擊以色列，美國將作出回應， “擦掉”伊朗。 These comments are further evidence that the US ruling class will pursue an even more aggressive foreign policy after the 2008 elections than before.這些意見進一步證明，美國統治階級將採取更積極的外交政策在2008年後，比以前的選舉。 Have Your Say: US defense secretary expands pre-emptive war doctrine to include nuclear strikes 你說：美國國防部長拉姆斯菲爾德展開先發製人的戰爭理論，包括核打擊 Please read our請仔細閱讀我們的 posting guidelines before posting張貼在發布前的指導方針 . 。 Alternatively或者 you can discuss this report here你可以討論這份報告在這裡 . 。 Related News 相關新聞
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