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 | Translate: 翻译：               US defense secretary expands pre-emptive war doctrine to include nuclear strikes美国国防部长拉姆斯菲尔德展开先发制人的战争理论，包括核打击 Saturday, November 1st, 2008 星期六， 2008年11月1日 By通过 Alex Lantier亚历克斯Lantier |In a remarkable speech on nuclear policy delivered October 28 at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (CEIP), US Defense Secretary Robert Gates painted a dire portrait of international affairs and argued that Washington should expand the doctrine of pre-emptive war formulated by the Bush administration to include possible nuclear strikes.在一个显着的讲话的核政策提供10月28日在卡内基国际和平基金会（ CEIP ） ，美国国防部长罗伯特盖茨描绘了一幅可怕的画像国际事务，并认为美国应扩大先发制人的战争制定了布什管理，包括可能的核攻击。 It is widely rumored that, in the likely event that Democrat Barack Obama wins next week’s US presidential election, Obama will keep Gates as defense secretary.这是盛传，在可能的事件，民主党奥巴马赢得下周的美国总统大选，奥巴马将继续盖茨的国防部长。 Gates’ speech, given in the waning days of the Bush presidency, has the character of a policy declaration of the next US administration.盖茨的讲话，因为在减弱天的布什总统，有性质的政策宣言下届美国政府。 Gates began by making extended and ominous parallels between the world situation today and that which prevailed at the founding of the Carnegie Institute in 1910, four years before the outbreak of World War I. At the time, he noted, Wall Street was passing through the panic of 1910-1911 and facing a credit crisis, the US had recently put down an insurgency in the Philippines at a cost of 4,200 American lives, comparable to today’s US death toll in Iraq, and “Europe was arming itself to the teeth and forming a series of alliances whose implications were obvious to anyone who cared to look.”盖茨开始通过延长和不祥的相似之处世界形势和今天盛行的成立卡内基研究所于1910年，四年前爆发的第一次世界大战时，他指出，华尔街通过恐慌的10年至11年，并面临信用危机，美国最近已平息叛乱在菲律宾的费用为4200美国人的生命相比，今天的美国死亡人数在伊拉克，和“欧洲武装到了牙齿并形成了一系列的联盟，其影响是显而易见的任何人谁照顾寻找。 “ Gates argued that the pacifist illusions promoted by CEIP founder Andrew Carnegie—a US steel magnate at the turn of the 20th century, most famous in the working class movement for the brutal suppression of the 1892 Homestead strike against his company—— should not deter Washington from planning broader war.盖茨认为，和平的幻想推动CEIP创始人安德鲁卡耐基，美国钢铁大王之交的20世纪，最有名的工人阶级运动的残酷镇压的1892年宅地打击，他的公司-不应阻止华盛顿从规划更广泛的战争。 He noted, “In August of 1913, Carnegie said that ‘the only measure required today for the maintenance of world peace is an agreement between three or four of the leading civilized powers… pledged to cooperate against disturbers of world peace.’” Gates pointed out that, writing four years later to President Woodrow Wilson, who had been elected in 1916 on a platform of keeping the US out of the world war, “the same Andrew Carnegie encouraged the president in the strongest terms to declare war, because, he wrote, ‘There is only one straight way of settlement.’”他指出， “在1913年8月，卡内基说， '唯一的衡量今天需要为维护世界和平是双方之间的协议三或四个主要文明的权力...保证合作打击disturbers世界和平。 ”盖茨指出指出，写作，四年后，以总统伍德罗威尔逊，谁被选为1916年的一个平台，对保持美国的世界战争“ ，同时鼓励卡内基总统以最强烈的措辞宣战，因为他写道， '只有一个直接的方式解决。 “ Turning to US nuclear policy, Gates said, “As long as others have nuclear weapons, we must maintain some level of these weapons ourselves: to deter potential adversaries, and to reassure over two dozen allies and partners who rely on our nuclear umbrella for their security—making it unnecessary for them to develop their own.”在谈到美国的核政策，盖茨说， “只要其他国家拥有核武器，我们必须保持一定程度的这些武器自己：以阻止潜在敌人，并保证20多个盟国和伙伴谁依靠我们的核保护伞的安全成为不必要为他们发展自己的。 “ This comment gives a sense of the highly tense and unstable character of international relations, and the paranoia of US officials.这一评论给一种高度紧张和不稳定性质的国际关系，以及偏执的美国官员。 Gates’ fears about the spread of nuclear weapons are not limited to existing programs of “potential adversaries,” among which Gates included “rogue states such as North Korea and Iran, or Russian or Chinese strategic modernization programs.” His fears extend to the nuclear policy of all states, including current US allies.盖茨担心核武器扩散不局限于现有程序的“潜在对手” ，其中包括盖茨“无赖国家，如朝鲜和伊朗，或俄罗斯或中国现代化建设的战略计划。 ”他的担心扩展到核政策的所有国家，包括目前美国的盟国。 Gates later repeated this point: “We simply cannot predict the future.盖茨后来重复了这一点： “我们根本无法预测未来。 [...] our adversaries and other nations will always seek whatever advantages they can find. [...]我们的对手和其他国家将始终寻求什么优势，他们可以找到。 Knowing that, we have to be prepared for contingencies we haven’t even considered.”明白这一点，我们必须准备应急我们甚至还没有考虑。 “ Gates’ list of US-friendly states that have chosen not to develop nuclear weapons was significant: South Korea, Taiwan, Brazil, Argentina, South Africa, and Libya.盖茨的名单亲美指出，选择不发展核武器，有显着：韩国，台湾，巴西，阿根廷，南非和利比亚。 Two of the most obvious such countries—ex-World War II enemies Japan and Germany—were not included.两个最明显的这样的国家当然第二次世界大战的敌人日本和德国，不在此列。 Gates did not explain what political factors induced him to omit them.盖茨没有解释什么是政治因素所致他忽略他们。 Gates then issued a remarkable threat: “As long as other states have or seek nuclear weapons—and can potentially threaten us, our allies and friends—then we must have a deterrent capacity that makes it clear that challenging the US in the nuclear arena—or with other weapons of mass destruction—could result in an overwhelming, catastrophic response.盖茨随后发表了一份了不起的威胁： “只要其他国家或寻求核武器，并有可能威胁到我们，我们的盟国和朋友，然后我们必须有一种威慑能力，清楚地表明，挑战美国在核领域，或与其他大规模杀伤性武器可能造成绝大多数，灾难性的反应。 According to Gates, the US must be able to credibly threaten a nuclear holocaust against any state that “challenges” the US in the nuclear arena or with other “weapons of mass destruction.” By his own words, such a challenge does not require a nation to threaten to attack the US.据盖茨，美国必须能够令人信服地威胁核浩劫反对任何国家的“挑战” ，美国在核领域或与其他“大规模杀伤性武器。 ”通过他自己的话说，这种挑战并不需要国家威胁要攻击美国。 It does not even require that a nation possess nuclear weapons or other WMD.它甚至没有规定，一个国家拥有核武器或其他大规模杀伤性武器。 It is enough for a nation merely to “seek” such weapons for it to become a potential target for a preemptive “overwhelming, catastrophic response” from the United States.这是足以让一个国家仅仅是为了“寻求”这种武器为它成为一个潜在的目标为先发制人“的绝大多数，灾难性的反应”来自美国。 Such a doctrine has immense implications not only for US nuclear weapons programs, but for the totality of US foreign policy.这一理论具有巨大的影响不仅对美国核武器计划，但对整个美国的外交政策。 It stipulates that every foreign power in the world must believe that attempting to develop nuclear weapons invites US nuclear attack.它规定，每个外国势力在世界上必须相信，试图发展核武器邀请美国的核攻击。 Thus, the US would arguably be obliged to attack with nuclear weapons countries which it accused of developing nuclear weapons—such as Iran and North Korea—lest the rest of the world conclude that the US will not carry out its threats.因此，可以说美国将不得不攻击，核武器国家指责它发展核武器，如伊朗和北朝鲜，否则世界其他地方的结束，美国将不会履行其威胁。 Gates is filling out the Bush doctrine of pre-emptive war—announced in advance of the unprovoked invasion of Iraq based on lies about supposed Iraqi weapons of mass destruction—with the proviso that a US first-strike can involve the large-scale use of nuclear weapons.盖茨填写布什先发制人的战争提前宣布的无端入侵伊拉克的谎言，理应伊拉克大规模杀伤性武器，但条件是美国第一次打击可以参与大规模使用核武器。 In his speech, he called for a substantial increase in nuclear weapons spending, including the possible resumption of nuclear weapons testing.他在演说中要求大幅度增加核武器的开支，包括可能恢复核武器试验。 “There is absolutely no way we can maintain a credible deterrent and reduce the number of weapons in our stockpile without either resorting to testing our stockpile or pursuing a modernization program,” he declared. “绝对没有这样我们可以保持可靠的威慑，减少数量的武器储存在我们没有任何诉诸测试我们的储存或推行现代化计划， ”他宣称。 Citing a “bleak” prognosis for overcoming technical and staffing problems of US strategic nuclear weapons programs, Gates explained that his policies involved the largest and most powerful US weapons: “The program we propose is not about new capabilities—suitcase bombs or bunker-busters or tactical nukes.引用“暗淡”预后为克服技术和人员编制问题的美国的战略核武计划，盖茨解释说，他的政策，涉及最大和最强大的美国武器： “这项计划，我们建议不是新的功能，手提箱炸弹或掩体破坏者或战术核弹。 [...] It is about the future credibility of our strategic deterrent.” [...]这是对未来的信誉，我们的战略威慑力量。 “ Gates also addressed concerns about the command structure of the US Air Force’s nuclear forces, sparked by his June 5 sackings of several top Air Force officials after it was discovered that US nuclear missile parts had been shipped to Taiwan.盖茨还谈到担心的指挥结构美国空军的核力量，其引发的6月5日解雇了前空军官员后，人们发现美国的核导弹部件已运到台湾。 At the time, the World Socialist Web Site raised the question of whether the shipment to Taiwan had been part of an unofficial foreign policy carried out by rogue sections of the US military.当时，世界社会主义网站提出了一个问题，是否运到了台湾的一部分，一个非官方的外交政策进行了无赖部分美军。 However, the bourgeois press accepted official explanations that this had been a simple technical oversight.然而，资产阶级的新闻接受官方的解释，这是一个简单的技术监督。 But Gates’ proposals centered not on fixing technical problems with Air Force shipping protocols, but rather on controlling Air Force policy.但是，盖茨的建议，中心没有固定的技术问题，美国空军出货协议，而是在控制空军的政策。 He announced measures to centralize “nuclear policy and oversight,” including a new headquarters office at the Air Staff and a Nuclear Weapons Center at Kirtland Air Force Base, which is to be tasked with “clearing up ambiguous chains of command that have created problems in the past.”他宣布的措施，集中“的核政策和监督” ，其中包括一个新的总部办公室在空军工作人员和核武器中心柯特兰空军基地，这是要负责“清理含糊不清的指挥系统已经建立的问题过去的。 “ Gates closed by listing several types of attack that the US might use “deterrence,” nuclear or otherwise, to prevent.盖茨关闭上市几种类型的攻击，美国可能会使用“威慑， ”核或其他方式，以防止。 He spoke of developing “appropriate” responses to cyber-attacks on US computer systems, to deterring attacks on US communications satellites (which could be carried out only by countries with technologically advanced militaries) and of developing “new technologies to identify the forensic signature” of nuclear material, which would allow the US to “hold any state, terrorist group, or other non-state actor or individual fully accountable for supporting or enabling terrorist efforts to obtain or use weapons of mass destruction.”他说，发展中国家“适当”的反应，网络攻击美国的计算机系统，以阻止攻击美国通信卫星（可以进行只有通过国家技术先进的军队）和发展中国家的“新技术，以查明法医签字”核材料，这将使美国“持有任何国家，恐怖组织，或其他非国家行为者或个别承担全部责任或支持恐怖主义的努力能够获得或使用大规模杀伤性武器。 ” It should be pointed out that several of these types of attack—especially cyber-attack and terrorist attacks with weapons of mass destruction—are by their nature difficult to track, and leave open the possibility of manipulation by Washington.应当指出，一些这些类型的攻击，特别是网络攻击和恐怖袭击与大规模杀伤性武器是根据其性质难以追踪，离开的可能性操纵的华盛顿。 This is perhaps best shown by the 2001 anthrax attacks, which were carried out using spores from a US Army lab at Fort Detrick and ultimately blamed on a US civilian scientist working at Fort Detrick, but which the media long blamed on Muslim terrorists.这也许是最好的证明2001年的炭疽热攻击，进行了利用孢子从美国陆军实验室德特里克堡的指责，并最终在美国民警工作的科学家在德特里克堡，但只要媒体指责穆斯林恐怖分子。 In assessing the significance of Gates’ remarkably bellicose comments, it should be noted that Gates’ justification of pre-emptive nuclear war is not isolated.在评估的重要意义盖茨的显着好战的意见，应当指出的是，盖茨的理由先发制人的核战争不是孤立的。 In April, then-Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton said that if Iran attacked Israel, the US would respond by “obliterating” Iran.今年4月，当时的民主党总统候选人希拉里克林顿说，如果伊朗攻击以色列，美国将作出回应， “擦掉”伊朗。 These comments are further evidence that the US ruling class will pursue an even more aggressive foreign policy after the 2008 elections than before.这些意见进一步证明，美国统治阶级将采取更积极的外交政策在2008年后，比以前的选举。 Have Your Say: US defense secretary expands pre-emptive war doctrine to include nuclear strikes 你说：美国国防部长拉姆斯菲尔德展开先发制人的战争理论，包括核打击 Please read our请仔细阅读我们的 posting guidelines before posting张贴在发布前的指导方针 . 。 Alternatively或者 you can discuss this report here你可以讨论这份报告在这里 . 。 Related News 相关新闻
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