By 由 David Gutierrez 朱古铁雷斯

Only five states and the District of Columbia require that pharmaceutical companies report gifts they make to doctors, and even in these jurisdictions the laws are so poorly enforced that the details of these transactions remain a de facto secret, according to a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association .只有5个州和哥伦比亚特区要求制药公司报告，礼品，使他们向医生，甚至在这些司法管辖区的法律是如此执行不力，有关详情这些交易仍是一个事实上的秘密，据一项研究结果发表在杂志上根据美国医学协会 。

Researchers examined public records from Vermont and Minnesota, the only two states that require disclosure by pharmaceutical companies and make that data available to the public.研究人员公开记录由佛蒙特州和明尼苏达州，只有两个州要求披露的制药公司，并使该数据提供给公众。 By studying the data from 2002 to 2004, the researchers hoped to gain a better understanding of how money moves from the pharmaceutical to the medical industry.要通过学习数据，从2002年至2004年，研究人员希望能更好地了解如何赚钱的动作，从制药到医疗行业。

“What we really found was laws aren’t working,” said study author Joseph Ross, of the geriatrics department of Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. "我们真正发现的法律是没有工作，说： "研究报告的作者约瑟夫罗斯的老年病学部的西奈山医学院在纽约举行。

The researchers found that while reported payments were quite high, the details of those transactions were not available.研究人员发现，虽然报金相当高，细节的那些交易尚未备妥。 In other cases, reported payments were so low as to be suspicious.在其他案例中，据报金额分别得过低，将可疑。 For example, GlaxoSmithKline claimed zero dollars spent in例如，葛兰素史克声称零美元花在 Vermont 佛蒙特州 in the time period studied, yet the state attorney general listed the company as making more payments than any other.在这个时期内，研究了，但国家总检察长的上市公司，使更多的款项比任何其他。 In Minnesota, Amgen recorded zero dollars in payments in 2002 or 2004, but more than $4 million in 2003.在明尼苏达州， Amgen的记录零美元，在金在2002年或2004年，但超过了400万美元的2003年。

Part of the reason for this inconsistency is that gifts of drugs or items not yet on the market can be classified as “trade secrets” and not reported.部分原因是这一矛盾的是，赠送药品或物品尚未在市场上可以被归类为"商业秘密" ，并没有报案。 But Ross believes that this loophole is being exploited.但罗斯认为，这一漏洞是被剥削。

“To designate every payment made as a trade secret … seems improbable,” he said. "指定每个款项作为商业秘密…似乎难以琢磨的， "他说。

Pharmaceutical companies have been known to give制药公司已众所周知，让 doctors 医生 extravagant gifts including all-expense-paid vacations or gourmet dinners as part of their marketing campaigns.奢华礼物包括所有-牺牲-带薪休假或美食晚餐，将其作为市场营销手段。 According to Dr. Harlan Krumholz, an associate professor at the Yale University School of Medicine, this presents a conflict of interest that the public should know about.据叶文帕托克krumholz ，副教授，耶鲁大学医学院的，这是一个利益冲突，市民应该知道。

Ross agrees.罗斯表示赞同。 “If both parties think this payment is appropriate, then this information should be made available to the public,” he said. "如果双方都觉得这是支付适当的，那么这方面的资料应提供给公众的， "他说。

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