By由 Stephen Soldz斯蒂芬soldz

Last month Vanity Fair online published上個月名利場上網發布 Katherine Eban’s account 凱瑟琳eban的帳戶 of the psychologist-designed torture of Abu Zubaydah, designed and conducted by CIA consultants Mitchell and Jessen, former Suvival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape (SERE) psychologists.該心理學家設計的酷刑的阿布祖貝達，設計和進行的中央情報局顧問米切爾和傑森，前者存活，逃避，反抗與逃脫（序列）的心理學家。 This week, the New Yorker publishes a companion piece by Jane Mayer on the CIA torture of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed [本星期， 新的紐約客出版同伴一塊由簡mayer對中情局酷刑的哈立德謝赫穆罕默德[ The Black Sites 黑網站 ]. ] 。 In the course of a long piece, the article sheds more light on the role of psychologists in US torture.在這個過程中一項長期的作品，文章更雞舍光照對角色的心理學家在美國的酷刑。

Here are a few excerpts on the role of psychologists:下面是一些摘錄上的作用心理學家：

The CIA program’s first important detainee was Abu Zubaydah, a top Al Qaeda operative, who was captured by Pakistani forces in March of 2002.中情局計劃的第一個重要的被拘留者被阿布祖貝達，一個基地組織的高級操作，又被抓了由巴基斯坦軍隊在2002年3月。 Lacking in-house specialists on interrogation, the agency hired a group of outside contractors, who implemented a regime of techniques that one well-informed former adviser to the American intelligence community described as “a ‘Clockwork Orange’ kind of approach.” The experts were retired military psychologists, and their backgrounds were in training Special Forces soldiers how to survive torture, should they ever be captured by enemy states.缺乏內部專家的審訊，該機構聘請了一批外部承包商，他們實施了一項制度，技術，其中一項好消息靈通的前顧問，美國情報界形容為" '發條橙'種辦法"的專家被軍隊離退休心理學家，他們的背景都是在訓練特種部隊士兵如何生存酷刑，他們應該永遠不會被敵對國家。 The program, known as SERE—an acronym for Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape—was created at the end of the Korean War.該計劃被稱為序列-縮寫為生存，逃避，抗拒，並能夠防止被設定於朝鮮戰爭結束。 It subjected trainees to simulated torture, including waterboarding (simulated drowning), sleep deprivation, isolation, exposure to temperature extremes, enclosure in tiny spaces, bombardment with agonizing sounds, and religious and sexual humiliation.它受到學員模擬酷刑，包括waterboarding （模擬溺水） ，剝奪睡眠，孤立，暴露在極端的溫度，附文在小小的空間中，轟擊與苦悶的聲音，以及宗教和性侮辱。 The SERE program was designed strictly for defense against torture regimes, but the CIA’s new team used its expertise to help interrogators inflict abuse.該序列程序設計，專守防衛，禁止酷刑的政權，但美國中央情報局的新的研究小組利用其專業知識，協助審問造成濫用。 “They were very arrogant, and pro-torture,” a European official knowledgeable about the program said. "他們都是非常傲慢，並親酷刑， "歐洲官員了解有關的節目。 “They sought to render the detainees vulnerable—to break down all of their senses. "他們設法使被拘留脆弱-打破，他們的所有感官。 It takes a psychologist trained in this to understand these rupturing experiences.”它需要受過訓練的心理學家在這一認識這些破裂的經驗" 。

The use of psychologists was also considered a way for CIA officials to skirt measures such as the Convention Against Torture.使用心理學家也被認為是一個辦法，為中情局官員裙措施，如禁止酷刑公約。 The former adviser to the intelligence community said, “Clearly, some senior people felt they needed a theory to justify what they were doing.前顧問，以情報部門表示， "很明顯，一些資深人士認為，他們需要一種理論來證明他們做些什麼。 You can’t just say, ‘We want to do what Egypt’s doing.’ When the lawyers asked what their basis was, they could say, ‘We have Ph.Ds who have these theories.’ ” He said that, inside the CIA, where a number of scientists work, there was strong internal opposition to the new techniques.你不能只是說， '我們不想做什麼埃及的做'當律師問他們的依據是，他們可以說， '我們有博士學位的人，這些理論' " ，他說，內中央情報局，而一些科學家的工作，有強烈內部反對這項新技術。 “Behavioral scientists said, ‘Don’t even think about this!’ They thought officers could be prosecuted.” "行為科學家說， '想都不要想！ ' ，他們認為人員可被檢控" 。

Nevertheless, the SERE experts’ theories were apparently put into practice with Zubaydah’s interrogation.然而，序列專家們的理論，顯然是付諸實踐與zubaydah的審問。 Zubaydah told the Red Cross that he was not only waterboarded, as has been previously reported; he was also kept for a prolonged period in a cage, known as a “dog box,” which was so small that he could not stand. zubaydah告訴紅十字會表示，他不只是waterboarded ，如以前所報導，他還不斷作長時間在籠子裡，被稱為"狗盒子" ，這是這麼小，他不能立場。 According to an eyewitness, one psychologist advising on the treatment of Zubaydah, James Mitchell, argued that he needed to be reduced to a state of “learned helplessness.” (Mitchell disputes this characterization.)據現場目擊者，一名心理學家提供意見，就如何處理zubaydah ，詹姆斯米切爾爭辯說，他需要將減少到一個國家的"習得性無助" （米切爾糾紛，這表徵） 。

Steve Kleinman, a reserve Air Force colonel and an experienced interrogator who has known Mitchell professionally for years, said that “learned helplessness was his whole paradigm.” Mitchell, he said, “draws a diagram showing what he says is the whole cycle.史蒂夫亞瑟克雷曼，利用儲備空軍上校和一名經驗豐富的翻譯說，他們已被稱為米切爾專業多年，說： "習得性無助於他的整個範式"米切爾，他說： "制定一個圖表，顯示他說了什麼，是整個週期。 It starts with isolation.它始於孤立。 Then they eliminate the prisoners’ ability to forecast the future—when their next meal is, when they can go to the bathroom.然後他們消除犯人的能力，預測未來的時候，他們的下一頓飯的是，當他們可以去洗手間。 It creates dread and dependency.它造成恐懼和依賴。 It was the KGB model.這是克格勃模式。 But the KGB used it to get people who had turned against the state to confess falsely.但克格勃利用它獲得的人已變成了對國家招供附有虛假產地來源標籤。 The KGB wasn’t after intelligence.”克格勃是不是經過情報" 。

As the CIA captured and interrogated other Al Qaeda figures, it established a protocol of psychological coercion.作為中央情報局逮捕和審訊其他基地組織的數字，它確立了一項議定書的心理脅迫。 The program tied together many strands of the agency’s secret history of Cold War-era experiments in behavioral science.該計劃聯繫在一起，許多束，該機構的秘密歷史上的冷戰時代的實驗，在行為科學。 (In June, the CIA declassified long-held secret documents known as the Family Jewels, which shed light on CIA drug experiments on rats and monkeys, and on the infamous case of Frank R. Olson, an agency employee who leaped to his death from a hotel window in 1953, nine days after he was unwittingly drugged with LSD.) The CIA’s most useful research focussed on the surprisingly powerful effects of psychological manipulations, such as extreme sensory deprivation. （ 6月開始，美國中央情報局的解密長期持有的秘密文件，命名為家庭寶藏，它揭示了美國中央情報局的藥物試驗，對老鼠和猴子，以及臭名昭著的案件坦誠傳譯奧爾森，一個機構的員工跳樓身亡一間酒店的窗口，在1953年，九天後，他無意中在藥物與迷幻劑） 。中央情報局的最有用的研究主要集中在對出乎意料的強大影響，心理操作，例如極端感官剝奪。 According to Alfred McCoy, a history professor at the University of Wisconsin, in Madison, who has written a history of the CIA’s experiments in coercing subjects, the agency learned that “if subjects are confined without light, odors, sound, or any fixed references of time and place, very deep breakdowns can be provoked.”根據阿爾弗雷德麥科伊，歷史學教授，在威斯康星大學，麥迪遜，他寫了歷史上的美國中央情報局的實驗中，威逼科目，該機構了解到， "如果對象是限於沒有光線，氣味，聲音，或任何固定基準的時間和地點，非常深刻的細分，可以挑起的" 。

Agency scientists found that in just a few hours some subjects suspended in water tanks—or confined in isolated rooms wearing blacked-out goggles and earmuffs—regressed to semi-psychotic states.科學家發現，在短短幾個小時內某些科目懸浮在水箱或局限在孤立的房間，身穿塗黑出眼罩和耳罩-倒退到半精神病。 Moreover, McCoy said, detainees become so desperate for human interaction that “they bond with the interrogator like a father, or like a drowning man having a lifesaver thrown at him.此外，麥科伊說，被拘留者變得如此絕望的人的互動， "他們的債券與審訊者一個好父親，還是像一個溺水男子，有一個救命稻草拋於他。 If you deprive people of all their senses, they’ll turn to you like their daddy.” McCoy added that “after the Cold War we put away those tools.如果你剝奪了人民的一切理智，他們就會輪到你喜歡自己的爸爸" 。麥科伊說： "冷戰結束後，我們把這些得來不易的工具。 There was bipartisan reform.有兩黨的改革。 We backed away from those dark days.我們後盾，遠離那些黑暗的日子。 Then, under the pressure of the war on terror, they didn’t just bring back the old psychological techniques—they perfected them.”那麼，壓力之下的反恐戰爭，他們不只是帶回了舊的心理技巧，他們完善" 。

The CIA’s interrogation program is remarkable for its mechanistic aura.中情局的審訊計劃，是了不起的，其機械洶洶。 “It’s one of the most sophisticated, refined programs of torture ever,” an outside expert familiar with the protocol said. "這是一個最先進的，精緻節目的酷刑以往任何時候都" ，一個外界專家熟悉該議定書。 “At every stage, there was a rigid attention to detail. "在每一個階段，有一個剛性注重細節。 Procedure was adhered to almost to the letter.程序是堅持以幾乎落到實處。 There was top-down quality control, and such a set routine that you get to the point where you know what each detainee is going to say, because you’ve heard it before.還有自頂向下的質量控制，這樣一套例行程序，你就會在那兒，你知道是什麼，每個被拘留者是要說的話，因為你聽說過它之前。 It was almost automated.它幾乎全部自動化。 People were utterly dehumanized.人們完全dehumanized 。 People fell apart.人民下跌除。 It was the intentional and systematic infliction of great suffering masquerading as a legal process.這是蓄意和有系統造成極大的痛苦偽裝為一個法律過程。 It is just chilling.”它只是令人心寒" 。

Katherine Eban’s凱瑟琳eban的 Vanity Fair 名利場 articlerevealed the existence of a December 10, 2002 document — SERE Interrogation Standard Operating Procedure — establishing certain of these SERE-derived torture techniques as standard Operating procedure for US abuse at Guantanamo. articlerevealed存在著一個2002年12月10日的文件-序列訊問標準作業程序-確立若干這些序列源性酷刑技巧及標準作業程序，濫用美國在關塔那摩監獄中。 Mayer reveals a bit more of the contents of this chilling document which shows the degree to which torture became routinized and bureaucratically organized in American gulags: mayer揭示了多一點的內容，這令人心寒的文件，其中顯示，在何種程度上酷刑成為常規化和官僚組織在美國的古拉格勞改營：

A secret government document, dated December 10, 2002, detailing “SERE Interrogation Standard Operating Procedure,” outlines the advantages of stripping detainees.一個秘密的政府文件，日期為2002年12月10日，詳細介紹了"序列審問的標準作業程序， "綱要的優勢，剝離被拘留者。 “In addition to degradation of the detainee, stripping can be used to demonstrate the omnipotence of the captor or to debilitate the detainee.” The document advises interrogators to “tear clothing from detainees by firmly pulling downward against buttoned buttons and seams. "除了退化的被拘留者，剝，可以用來展示全能的捕捉或削弱被拘留者" ，該文件勸告審問，以"催淚服裝從被拘留牢牢向下拉動對鈕扣按鍵及接縫。 Tearing motions shall be downward to prevent pulling the detainee off balance.” The memo also advocates the “Shoulder Slap,” “Stomach Slap,” “Hooding,” “Manhandling,” “Walling,” and a variety of “Stress Positions,” including one called “Worship the Gods.”撕裂動議不得向下，以防止拉被拘留過平衡"的備忘錄還主張"肩並肩打" ， "胃抽" ， "戴頭罩" ， "粗暴對待" ， "牆" ，以及各種"壓力位置， "其中包括一個所謂的"崇拜神"

Mayer also reveals the important role of doctors in US torture: mayer也揭示了重要的作用，醫生在美國的酷刑：

In the process of being transported, CIA detainees such as Mohammed were screened by medical experts, who checked their vital signs, took blood samples, and marked a chart with a diagram of a human body, noting scars, wounds, and other imperfections.在這個過程中的運送，中情局被拘留者如穆罕默德篩選，由醫學專家，他們檢查了自己的生命體徵，採取血液樣本，並標明了一張圖表，以圖的人體，注意到傷疤，傷，和其他不完善之處。 As the person involved in the Council of Europe inquiry put it, “It’s like when you hire a motor vehicle, circling where the scratches are on the rearview mirror.作為當事人，在歐洲理事會的調查也指出， "這就像當你租用的汽車，盤旋而被抓傷的是後視鏡。 Each detainee was continually assessed, physically and psychologically.”每個被拘留者不斷地被評估，在身體和心理上" 。

Mayer also makes clear that we are talking about “torture” here, not any supposed “torture-lite”: mayer也說明，我們所談論的"酷刑" ，在這裡，沒有任何假設的"酷刑-建興" ：

Ramzi Kassem, who teaches at Yale Law School, said that a Yemeni client of his, Sanad al-Kazimi, who is now in Guantánamo, alleged that he had received similar treatment in the Dark Prison, the facility near Kabul.拉姆茲卡西姆，任教於耶魯大學法學院時說，也門的客戶，他的， sanad基地kazimi ，他現在在關塔那摩監獄，據稱，他曾接獲類似的待遇在黑暗的監獄，該基金在喀布爾附近。 Kazimi claimed to have been suspended by his arms for long periods, causing his legs to swell painfully. kazimi聲稱已經暫停，由他的手臂長時間，致使他的雙腿膨脹痛苦的。 “It’s so traumatic, he can barely speak of it,” Kassem said. "那真是太慘痛，他可以勉強說， "卡西姆說。 “He breaks down in tears.” Kazimi also claimed that, while hanging, he was beaten with electric cables. "他壞了眼淚， " kazimi還聲稱，而絞刑，他被毆打與電力電纜。

According to sources familiar with interrogation techniques, the hanging position is designed, in part, to prevent detainees from being able to sleep.據消息人士透露熟悉審訊技術，懸立場是設計的，部分原因是為了防止被拘留者正可以放心睡大覺。 The former CIA officer, who is knowledgeable about the interrogation program, explained that “sleep deprivation works.前中情局官員，誰是了解有關的審訊程序，解釋說， "剝奪睡眠工程。 Your electrolyte balance changes.你的電解質平衡的變化。 You lose all balance and ability to think rationally.你將失去所有的平衡和思考能力的理性。 Stuff comes out.” Sleep deprivation has been recognized as an effective form of coercion since the Middle Ages, when it was called tormentum insomniae .東西出來的"睡眠剝奪已被確認為有效形式的脅迫自中世紀時，它被稱為tormentum insomniae 。 It was also recognized for decades in the United States as an illegal form of torture.人們也認識到，幾十年來在美國為非法形式的酷刑。 An American Bar Association report, published in 1930, which was cited in a later US Supreme Court decision, said, “It has been known since 1500 at least that deprivation of sleep is the most effective torture and certain to produce any confession desired.”一位美國律師協會的報告，發表在1930年，這是舉在後來的美國最高法院判決說， "它一直被稱為是自1500年以來至少剝奪睡眠是最有效的酷刑和某些出示任何供認理想" 。

Under President Bush’s new executive order, CIA detainees must receive the “basic necessities of life, including adequate food and water, shelter from the elements, necessary clothing, protection from extremes of heat and cold, and essential medical care.” Sleep, according to the order, is not among the basic necessities.根據布什總統的新的執行命令，中央情報局的被拘留人員必須接受"生活中的必需品，包括足夠的食物和飲水，住房，從分子，必要的衣服，受到保護，免遭極端的熱與冷，以及基本醫療保健"睡眠根據該命令，不屬於基本必需品。

In addition to keeping a prisoner awake, the simple act of remaining upright can over time cause significant pain.此外，以保持一名囚犯醒來，簡單的行為，剩下的一身正氣，可以在一段時間內造成巨大的痛苦。 McCoy, the historian, noted that “longtime standing” was a common KGB interrogation technique.麥科伊，歷史學家指出， "長期站立"是一個共同的克格勃審訊技巧。 In his 2006 book, “A Question of Torture,” he writes that the Soviets found that making a victim stand for eighteen to twenty-four hours can produce “excruciating pain, as ankles double in size, skin becomes tense and intensely painful, blisters erupt oozing watery serum, heart rates soar, kidneys shut down, and delusions deepen.”他在2006年寫的"一個問題的酷刑， "他寫道，蘇聯人發現，使受害人的立場，為18至24小時能產生"難以忍受的痛苦，因為足踝的面積擴大一倍，肌膚變得緊張和激烈，痛苦的，起水泡爆發滲血水血清，心臟利率飆升，腎臟關閉，並幻想深化" 。

And:並且：

Among the few CIA officials who knew the details of the detention and interrogation program, there was a tense debate about where to draw the line in terms of treatment.其中少數中情局官員誰知道詳細的拘留和審訊的程序，有一個緊張的辯論，在哪裡劃清界線的條款處理。 John Brennan, Tenet’s former chief of staff, said, “It all comes down to individual moral barometers.” Waterboarding, in particular, troubled many officials, from both a moral and a legal perspective.約翰布倫南，特尼特的前任總參謀長說： "這一切可以歸結為個體道德的晴雨表" 。 waterboarding ，尤其是困擾許多官員，無論從道義和法律角度。 Until 2002, when Bush Administration lawyers asserted that waterboarding was a permissible interrogation technique for “enemy combatants,” it was classified as a form of torture, and treated as a serious criminal offense.直到2002年，當布什政府律師聲稱， waterboarding是允許的審訊技術，為"敵方戰鬥人員" ，它被列為一種形式的酷刑，並視為嚴重的刑事犯罪。 American soldiers were court-martialled for waterboarding captives as recently as the Vietnam War.美國士兵被法院軍法waterboarding俘虜最近在越南戰爭。

But the psychological disorientation was paramount:但心理失去方向感是至關重要的：

Some detainees held by the CIA claimed that their cells were bombarded with deafening sound twenty-fours hours a day for weeks, and even months.一些被拘留者舉行了由美國中央情報局聲稱，他們的細胞與轟炸聲震耳欲聾第二十六四小時，每天幾個星期，甚至幾個月的時間。 One detainee, Binyam Mohamed, who is now in Guantánamo, told his lawyer, Clive Stafford Smith, that speakers blared music into his cell while he was handcuffed.一名被拘留者， binyam穆罕默德，他現在在關塔那摩監獄，告訴他的律師克萊夫斯塔福德史密斯說，揚聲器播放著音樂進入他的牢房，而他被戴上手銬。 Detainees recalled the sound as ranging from ghoulish laughter, “like the soundtrack from a horror film,” to ear-splitting rap anthems.回憶起被拘留者的聲音，因為從ghoulish笑， "就像原聲帶由恐怖片" ，以耳裂說唱國歌。 Stafford Smith said that his client found the psychological torture more intolerable than the physical abuse that he said he had been previously subjected to in Morocco, where, he said, local intelligence agents had sliced him with a razor blade.斯塔福德史密斯說，他的客戶找到了心理上的折磨更難以忍受的，比肉體上的虐待，他說，他以前一直受到在摩洛哥，哪裡時，他說，當地情報官員已切成給他送上了刀片。 “The CIA worked people day and night for months,” Stafford Smith quoted Binyam Mohamed as saying. "美國中央情報局工作過的人，日夜奮戰幾個月， "斯塔福德史密斯引述binyam穆罕默德的話說。 “Plenty lost their minds. "許多失去了他們的心中。 I could hear people knocking their heads against the walls and doors, screaming their heads off.”我可以聽到人們敲頭，對牆和大門，尖叫出頭小康" 。

Some US interrogators with SERE training claim that this treatment can’t be torture because its nothing more than is done to US troops during SERE training.一些美國審訊人員與序列訓練聲稱這種待遇不能酷刑，因為它的事情莫過於做是為了美軍在序列訓練。 They can’t seem to distinguish a couple of days of abuse under known limited conditions from the never-ending tortures inflicted upon real detainees:他們看來不能分辨數天的虐待根據已知的限制條件，從永無休止的折磨施加真正的被拘留者：

One of these former [CIA] officers defends the CIA’s program by noting that “there was absolutely nothing done to KSM that wasn’t done to the interrogators themselves”—a reference to SERE-like training.其中的前中央情報局人員維護中情局的計劃是注意到， "有絕對沒有做ksm這不是做給審訊人員說自己是"一個參考序列樣的培訓。 Yet the Red Cross report emphasizes that it was the simultaneous use of several techniques for extended periods that made the treatment “especially abusive.” Senator Carl Levin, the chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, who has been a prominent critic of the Administration’s embrace of harsh interrogation techniques, said that, particularly with sensory deprivation, “there’sa point where it’s torture.但紅十字會報告強調說，它是同時使用幾種技術作長時間了治療" ，特別是粗言穢語。 "參議員卡爾萊文，擔任參議院軍事委員會主席，他一直突出影評人的政府』 s擁抱嚴酷的審問技巧，她說，特別是與被剝奪的感覺， "有一點，那裡的酷刑。 You can put someone in a refrigerator and it’s torture.你可以把某人在雪櫃內，它的酷刑。 Everything is a matter of degree.”一切，是一個程度的問題" 。

As Mayer makes clear, the US torture regime became more systematic, more routinized, more bureaucratic over time.作為mayer明確表示，美國酷刑政權變得更加系統化，更加常規化，更多官僚隨著時間的推移。 Eventually Mohammed was moved to the US’s state-of-the-art secret torture facility in Poland:穆罕默德最終被轉移到了美國的國家先進的系統，先進的秘密酷刑設施波蘭：

But, according to well-informed sources, it was a far more high-tech facility than the prisons in Afghanistan.不過，根據以及一些知情人士稱，這是一個遠比高科技設施比監獄在阿富汗。 The cells had hydraulic doors and air-conditioning.細胞液壓門和空調系統。 Multiple cameras in each cell provided video surveillance of the detainees.多台相機在每個細胞提供了視頻監控的被拘留者。 In some ways, the circumstances were better: the detainees were given bottled water.在某些方面，情況較好：被拘留者給予瓶裝水。 Without confirming the existence of any black sites, Robert Grenier, the former CIA counterterrorism chief, said, “The agency’s techniques became less aggressive as they learned the art of interrogation,” which, he added, “ is an art.”未經證實存在任何黑點，羅伯特grenier ，前中央情報局反恐首席說， "該機構的技術，成為較少侵略性，因為他們學會了藝術的審訊， "他補充說， " 是一門藝術" 。

Mohammed was kept in a prolonged state of sensory deprivation, during which every point of reference was erased.穆罕默德被保存在一個長時間的狀態感覺剝奪，在此期間每一個參照點是功不可沒。 The Council on Europe’s report describes a four-month isolation regime as typical.安理會對歐洲的報告中描述了一個為期4個月的隔離制度作為典型。 The prisoners had no exposure to natural light, making it impossible for them to tell if it was night or day.囚犯沒有接觸自然光線，使他們不可能告訴如果是夜間或日間。 They interacted only with masked, silent guards.他們相互影響，只有與蒙面，沉默的警衛。 (A detainee held at what was most likely an Eastern European black site, Mohammed al-Asad, told me that white noise was piped in constantly, although during electrical outages he could hear people crying.) According to a source familiar with the Red Cross report, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed claimed that he was shackled and kept naked, except for a pair of goggles and earmuffs. （被拘留者舉行什麼是最有可能的一個東歐黑網站，穆罕默德阿薩德告訴記者，白噪聲是管道輸送的，在不斷，雖然在電氣故障他能聽到人們喊）據知情人士透露，與紅十字會報告中，哈立德謝赫穆罕默德聲稱，他是帶著鐐銬，並保持赤身裸體，只有一位對眼罩和耳罩。 (Some prisoners were kept naked for as long as forty days.) He had no idea where he was, although, at one point, he apparently glimpsed Polish writing on a water bottle. （有些囚犯保持赤身裸體，因為只要四十天） ，他不知道在那裡，他雖然，在這一點上，他顯然是看到了波蘭語寫作上的水瓶。

In the CIA’s program, meals were delivered sporadically, to insure that the prisoners remained temporally disoriented.在中情局的計劃，膳食交付斷斷續續地發生，以保證囚犯仍暫時迷失方向。 The food was largely tasteless, and barely enough to live on.食物主要是無味的，勉強夠生活。 Mohammed, who upon his capture in Rawalpindi was photographed looking flabby and unkempt, was now described as being slim.穆罕默德，誰後，他的被捕在拉瓦爾品第被偷拍看軟弱和unkempt ，現在被描述為渺茫的。 Experts on the CIA program say that the administering of food is part of its psychological arsenal.專家們對中情局綱領說，管理的食品的一部分，其心理阿森納。 Sometimes portions were smaller than the day before, for no apparent reason.有時部分均小於前一天，沒有任何明顯的理由。 “It was all part of the conditioning,” the person involved in the Council of Europe inquiry said. "這是所有部分的調節， "當事人在歐洲理事會的調查說。 “It’s all calibrated to develop dependency.” "這都是校準發展的依賴" 。

The inquiry source said that most of the Poland detainees were waterboarded, including Mohammed.調查的消息人士說，大部分的波蘭被拘留者waterboarded ，其中包括穆罕默德。 According to the sources familiar with the Red Cross report, Mohammed claimed to have been waterboarded five times.據消息來源熟悉紅十字會報告中，穆罕默德聲稱受到waterboarded 5倍。 Two former CIA officers who are friends with one of Mohammed’s interrogators called this bravado, insisting that he was waterboarded only once.兩位前中情局官員，他們的朋友之一穆罕默德的審問者稱這是虛張聲勢，堅持說他是waterboarded只有一次。 According to one of the officers, Mohammed needed only to be shown the drowning equipment again before he “broke.”據其中一名警務人員，穆罕默德只需要才能顯現淹死設備之前，再次他的"突破" 。

“Waterboarding works,” the former officer said. " waterboarding工程， "這位前官員說。 “Drowning is a baseline fear. "溺水的是一個基準恐懼。 So is falling.所以正在下降。 People dream about it.人的夢想而已。 It’s human nature.這是人類的天性。 Suffocation is a very scary thing.窒息是一個非常可怕的事情。 When you’re waterboarded, you’re inverted, so it exacerbates the fear.當您waterboarded ，你就倒，所以這加劇了恐懼。 It’s not painful, but it scares the shit out of you.” (The former officer was waterboarded himself in a training course.) Mohammed, he claimed, “didn’t resist.這不是痛苦的，但它嚇了shit的出你" （前幹事waterboarded自己在一個培訓班） 。穆罕默德，他聲稱， "沒有抗拒。 He sang right away.他唱了出來。 He cracked real quick.” He said, “A lot of them want to talk.他破獲小心翼翼地" ，他說， "他們中的很多要談的。 Their egos are unimaginable.他們的自我是不可想像的。 KSM was just a little doughboy. ksm只是一個小doughboy 。 He couldn’t stand toe to toe and fight it out.”他不能站在腳趾，以趾和撲滅出來" 。

The article also shows the moral complexity of America’s torture regime as a former CIA official insists the program is “safe” for the detainees but speaks of the psychological damage to the interrogators”:文章還說明了道德的複雜性，美國的酷刑政權視為前中情局官員堅持該計劃是美國"安全第一" ，為被拘留者，但談的心理傷害審問" ：

The former officer said that the CIA kept a doctor standing by during interrogations.前任官員說，中情局一直一名醫生站在期間盤問。 He insisted that the method was safe and effective, but said that it could cause lasting psychic damage to the interrogators.他堅持認為，這種方法安全有效，但他認為可能會導致持久的精神損害審問。 During interrogations, the former agency official said, officers worked in teams, watching each other behind two-way mirrors.在盤問中，前局官員說，工作人員在工作隊，看著對方背後的雙程鏡。 Even with this group support, the friend said, Mohammed’s interrogator “has horrible nightmares.” He went on, “When you cross over that line of darkness, it’s hard to come back.即使有了這組的支持下，朋友說，穆罕默德的審問者"的可怕的惡夢。 "他還說， "當你越過這個線的黑暗中，就很難回來了。 You lose your soul.你將失去你的靈魂。 You can do your best to justify it, but it’s well outside the norm.你可以盡最大努力辯解，但它已遠遠超出了常規。 You can’t go to that dark a place without it changing you.” He said of his friend, “He’sa good guy.你不能到那個黑暗的地方，沒有它改變你" ，他說，他的朋友， "他是好人。 It really haunts him.它真的時日他。 You are inflicting something really evil and horrible on somebody.”您是造成一些真正邪惡與可怕就有人" 。

This article again raises the issue of the centrality of psychology to America’s torture regime.這篇文章再次引起一個問題的中心心理學到美國的酷刑制度。 It was the supposed knowledge, expertise, credentials, and legitimacy of psychologists that was important to the CIA torture-planners.The psychological profession will be stained by this association, and by its silence while these abuses occurred in our name.這是假定的知識，專長，證書，和合法性心理學家認為，重要的是要中情局酷刑- planners.the心理學界將被染色，由這個協會和它的沉默，而這些暴行發生在我們的名字。 Not untill the profession fully investigates and condemns these abuses will the stain begin to be lifted.直到界充分調查，並譴責這些暴行會污點開始得以解除。 No simple “banning” of specific torture techniques by the American Psychological Association (APA) can possibly be an adequate reply to these horrors.沒有一個簡單的"禁止"的具體酷刑技術，由美國心理學協會（ APA ） ，都不可能有足夠的答复這些恐怖。 The profession must loudly and collectively cry “Shame!” and “Never again!”法律界要大聲說出，並集體喊出"羞恥！ " ， "決不會再發生！ "

Further, the critical collaboration and silence of the APA leadership during this profound moral crisis cannot go unchallenged.此外，在關鍵的協同和沉默的演藝學院的領導，在這場深刻的道德危機，不能置之不理。 In the interests of maintaining their ties to the military and the CIA, these leaders were more than willing to turn a blind eye to the torture being designed and conducted by our psychological colleagues.在的利益，維護他們的聯繫，以軍方和中央情報局，這些領導人還不止願意卻視而不見，酷刑正在設計並進行了我們的心理同事。 They never uttered a peep of concern for these abuses, but, rather, parsed words to try and evade responsibility.他們從來沒有說過一個窺視的關注，為這些暴行，而是解析的話，試圖推卸責任。 In the final accounting for US torture, the APA leadership will certainly bear a measure of the responsibility.在決算時，為美國的酷刑，演藝學院的領導一定會承擔一項措施的責任。

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