By由 Stephen Soldz斯蒂芬soldz

Last month Vanity Fair online published上个月名利场上网发布 Katherine Eban’s account 凯瑟琳eban的帐户 of the psychologist-designed torture of Abu Zubaydah, designed and conducted by CIA consultants Mitchell and Jessen, former Suvival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape (SERE) psychologists.该心理学家设计的酷刑的阿布祖贝达，设计和进行的中央情报局顾问米切尔和杰森，前者存活，逃避，反抗与逃脱（序列）的心理学家。 This week, the New Yorker publishes a companion piece by Jane Mayer on the CIA torture of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed [本星期， 新的纽约客出版同伴一块由简mayer对中情局酷刑的哈立德谢赫穆罕默德[ The Black Sites 黑网站 ]. ] 。 In the course of a long piece, the article sheds more light on the role of psychologists in US torture.在这个过程中一项长期的作品，文章更鸡舍光照对角色的心理学家在美国的酷刑。

Here are a few excerpts on the role of psychologists:下面是一些摘录上的作用心理学家：

The CIA program’s first important detainee was Abu Zubaydah, a top Al Qaeda operative, who was captured by Pakistani forces in March of 2002.中情局计划的第一个重要的被拘留者被阿布祖贝达，一个基地组织的高级操作，又被抓了由巴基斯坦军队在2002年3月。 Lacking in-house specialists on interrogation, the agency hired a group of outside contractors, who implemented a regime of techniques that one well-informed former adviser to the American intelligence community described as “a ‘Clockwork Orange’ kind of approach.” The experts were retired military psychologists, and their backgrounds were in training Special Forces soldiers how to survive torture, should they ever be captured by enemy states.缺乏内部专家的审讯，该机构聘请了一批外部承包商，他们实施了一项制度，技术，其中一项好消息灵通的前顾问，美国情报界形容为" '发条橙'种办法"的专家被军队离退休心理学家，他们的背景都是在训练特种部队士兵如何生存酷刑，他们应该永远不会被敌对国家。 The program, known as SERE—an acronym for Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape—was created at the end of the Korean War.该计划被称为序列-缩写为生存，逃避，抗拒，并能够防止被设定于朝鲜战争结束。 It subjected trainees to simulated torture, including waterboarding (simulated drowning), sleep deprivation, isolation, exposure to temperature extremes, enclosure in tiny spaces, bombardment with agonizing sounds, and religious and sexual humiliation.它受到学员模拟酷刑，包括waterboarding （模拟溺水） ，剥夺睡眠，孤立，暴露在极端的温度，附文在小小的空间中，轰击与苦闷的声音，以及宗教和性侮辱。 The SERE program was designed strictly for defense against torture regimes, but the CIA’s new team used its expertise to help interrogators inflict abuse.该序列程序设计，专守防卫，禁止酷刑的政权，但美国中央情报局的新的研究小组利用其专业知识，协助审问造成滥用。 “They were very arrogant, and pro-torture,” a European official knowledgeable about the program said. "他们都是非常傲慢，并亲酷刑， "欧洲官员了解有关的节目。 “They sought to render the detainees vulnerable—to break down all of their senses. "他们设法使被拘留脆弱-打破，他们的所有感官。 It takes a psychologist trained in this to understand these rupturing experiences.”它需要受过训练的心理学家在这一认识这些破裂的经验" 。

The use of psychologists was also considered a way for CIA officials to skirt measures such as the Convention Against Torture.使用心理学家也被认为是一个办法，为中情局官员裙措施，如禁止酷刑公约。 The former adviser to the intelligence community said, “Clearly, some senior people felt they needed a theory to justify what they were doing.前顾问，以情报部门表示， "很明显，一些资深人士认为，他们需要一种理论来证明他们做些什么。 You can’t just say, ‘We want to do what Egypt’s doing.’ When the lawyers asked what their basis was, they could say, ‘We have Ph.Ds who have these theories.’ ” He said that, inside the CIA, where a number of scientists work, there was strong internal opposition to the new techniques.你不能只是说， '我们不想做什么埃及的做'当律师问他们的依据是，他们可以说， '我们有博士学位的人，这些理论' " ，他说，内中央情报局，而一些科学家的工作，有强烈内部反对这项新技术。 “Behavioral scientists said, ‘Don’t even think about this!’ They thought officers could be prosecuted.” "行为科学家说， '想都不要想！ ' ，他们认为人员可被检控" 。

Nevertheless, the SERE experts’ theories were apparently put into practice with Zubaydah’s interrogation.然而，序列专家们的理论，显然是付诸实践与zubaydah的审问。 Zubaydah told the Red Cross that he was not only waterboarded, as has been previously reported; he was also kept for a prolonged period in a cage, known as a “dog box,” which was so small that he could not stand. zubaydah告诉红十字会表示，他不只是waterboarded ，如以前所报道，他还不断作长时间在笼子里，被称为"狗盒子" ，这是这么小，他不能立场。 According to an eyewitness, one psychologist advising on the treatment of Zubaydah, James Mitchell, argued that he needed to be reduced to a state of “learned helplessness.” (Mitchell disputes this characterization.)据现场目击者，一名心理学家提供意见，就如何处理zubaydah ，詹姆斯米切尔争辩说，他需要将减少到一个国家的"习得性无助" （米切尔纠纷，这表征） 。

Steve Kleinman, a reserve Air Force colonel and an experienced interrogator who has known Mitchell professionally for years, said that “learned helplessness was his whole paradigm.” Mitchell, he said, “draws a diagram showing what he says is the whole cycle.史蒂夫亚瑟克雷曼，利用储备空军上校和一名经验丰富的翻译说，他们已被称为米切尔专业多年，说： "习得性无助于他的整个范式"米切尔，他说： "制定一个图表，显示他说了什么，是整个周期。 It starts with isolation.它始于孤立。 Then they eliminate the prisoners’ ability to forecast the future—when their next meal is, when they can go to the bathroom.然后他们消除犯人的能力，预测未来的时候，他们的下一顿饭的是，当他们可以去洗手间。 It creates dread and dependency.它造成恐惧和依赖。 It was the KGB model.这是克格勃模式。 But the KGB used it to get people who had turned against the state to confess falsely.但克格勃利用它获得的人已变成了对国家招供附有虚假产地来源标签。 The KGB wasn’t after intelligence.”克格勃是不是经过情报" 。

As the CIA captured and interrogated other Al Qaeda figures, it established a protocol of psychological coercion.作为中央情报局逮捕和审讯其他基地组织的数字，它确立了一项议定书的心理胁迫。 The program tied together many strands of the agency’s secret history of Cold War-era experiments in behavioral science.该计划联系在一起，许多束，该机构的秘密历史上的冷战时代的实验，在行为科学。 (In June, the CIA declassified long-held secret documents known as the Family Jewels, which shed light on CIA drug experiments on rats and monkeys, and on the infamous case of Frank R. Olson, an agency employee who leaped to his death from a hotel window in 1953, nine days after he was unwittingly drugged with LSD.) The CIA’s most useful research focussed on the surprisingly powerful effects of psychological manipulations, such as extreme sensory deprivation. （ 6月开始，美国中央情报局的解密长期持有的秘密文件，命名为家庭宝藏，它揭示了美国中央情报局的药物试验，对老鼠和猴子，以及臭名昭著的案件坦诚传译奥尔森，一个机构的员工跳楼身亡一间酒店的窗口，在1953年，九天后，他无意中在药物与迷幻剂） 。中央情报局的最有用的研究主要集中在对出乎意料的强大影响，心理操作，例如极端感官剥夺。 According to Alfred McCoy, a history professor at the University of Wisconsin, in Madison, who has written a history of the CIA’s experiments in coercing subjects, the agency learned that “if subjects are confined without light, odors, sound, or any fixed references of time and place, very deep breakdowns can be provoked.”根据阿尔弗雷德麦科伊，历史学教授，在威斯康星大学，麦迪逊，他写了历史上的美国中央情报局的实验中，威逼科目，该机构了解到， "如果对象是限于没有光线，气味，声音，或任何固定基准的时间和地点，非常深刻的细分，可以挑起的" 。

Agency scientists found that in just a few hours some subjects suspended in water tanks—or confined in isolated rooms wearing blacked-out goggles and earmuffs—regressed to semi-psychotic states.科学家发现，在短短几个小时内某些科目悬浮在水箱或局限在孤立的房间，身穿涂黑出眼罩和耳罩-倒退到半精神病。 Moreover, McCoy said, detainees become so desperate for human interaction that “they bond with the interrogator like a father, or like a drowning man having a lifesaver thrown at him.此外，麦科伊说，被拘留者变得如此绝望的人的互动， "他们的债券与审讯者一个好父亲，还是像一个溺水男子，有一个救命稻草抛于他。 If you deprive people of all their senses, they’ll turn to you like their daddy.” McCoy added that “after the Cold War we put away those tools.如果你剥夺了人民的一切理智，他们就会轮到你喜欢自己的爸爸" 。麦科伊说： "冷战结束后，我们把这些得来不易的工具。 There was bipartisan reform.有两党的改革。 We backed away from those dark days.我们后盾，远离那些黑暗的日子。 Then, under the pressure of the war on terror, they didn’t just bring back the old psychological techniques—they perfected them.”那么，压力之下的反恐战争，他们不只是带回了旧的心理技巧，他们完善" 。

The CIA’s interrogation program is remarkable for its mechanistic aura.中情局的审讯计划，是了不起的，其机械汹汹。 “It’s one of the most sophisticated, refined programs of torture ever,” an outside expert familiar with the protocol said. "这是一个最先进的，精致节目的酷刑以往任何时候都" ，一个外界专家熟悉该议定书。 “At every stage, there was a rigid attention to detail. "在每一个阶段，有一个刚性注重细节。 Procedure was adhered to almost to the letter.程序是坚持以几乎落到实处。 There was top-down quality control, and such a set routine that you get to the point where you know what each detainee is going to say, because you’ve heard it before.还有自顶向下的质量控制，这样一套例行程序，你就会在那儿，你知道是什么，每个被拘留者是要说的话，因为你听说过它之前。 It was almost automated.它几乎全部自动化。 People were utterly dehumanized.人们完全dehumanized 。 People fell apart.人民下跌除。 It was the intentional and systematic infliction of great suffering masquerading as a legal process.这是蓄意和有系统造成极大的痛苦伪装为一个法律过程。 It is just chilling.”它只是令人心寒" 。

Katherine Eban’s凯瑟琳eban的 Vanity Fair 名利场 articlerevealed the existence of a December 10, 2002 document — SERE Interrogation Standard Operating Procedure — establishing certain of these SERE-derived torture techniques as standard Operating procedure for US abuse at Guantanamo. articlerevealed存在着一个2002年12月10日的文件-序列讯问标准作业程序-确立若干这些序列源性酷刑技巧及标准作业程序，滥用美国在关塔那摩监狱中。 Mayer reveals a bit more of the contents of this chilling document which shows the degree to which torture became routinized and bureaucratically organized in American gulags: mayer揭示了多一点的内容，这令人心寒的文件，其中显示，在何种程度上酷刑成为常规化和官僚组织在美国的古拉格劳改营：

A secret government document, dated December 10, 2002, detailing “SERE Interrogation Standard Operating Procedure,” outlines the advantages of stripping detainees.一个秘密的政府文件，日期为2002年12月10日，详细介绍了"序列审问的标准作业程序， "纲要的优势，剥离被拘留者。 “In addition to degradation of the detainee, stripping can be used to demonstrate the omnipotence of the captor or to debilitate the detainee.” The document advises interrogators to “tear clothing from detainees by firmly pulling downward against buttoned buttons and seams. "除了退化的被拘留者，剥，可以用来展示全能的捕捉或削弱被拘留者" ，该文件劝告审问，以"催泪服装从被拘留牢牢向下拉动对纽扣按键及接缝。 Tearing motions shall be downward to prevent pulling the detainee off balance.” The memo also advocates the “Shoulder Slap,” “Stomach Slap,” “Hooding,” “Manhandling,” “Walling,” and a variety of “Stress Positions,” including one called “Worship the Gods.”撕裂动议不得向下，以防止拉被拘留过平衡"的备忘录还主张"肩并肩打" ， "胃抽" ， "戴头罩" ， "粗暴对待" ， "墙" ，以及各种"压力位置， "其中包括一个所谓的"崇拜神"

Mayer also reveals the important role of doctors in US torture: mayer也揭示了重要的作用，医生在美国的酷刑：

In the process of being transported, CIA detainees such as Mohammed were screened by medical experts, who checked their vital signs, took blood samples, and marked a chart with a diagram of a human body, noting scars, wounds, and other imperfections.在这个过程中的运送，中情局被拘留者如穆罕默德筛选，由医学专家，他们检查了自己的生命体征，采取血液样本，并标明了一张图表，以图的人体，注意到伤疤，伤，和其他不完善之处。 As the person involved in the Council of Europe inquiry put it, “It’s like when you hire a motor vehicle, circling where the scratches are on the rearview mirror.作为当事人，在欧洲理事会的调查也指出， "这就像当你租用的汽车，盘旋而被抓伤的是后视镜。 Each detainee was continually assessed, physically and psychologically.”每个被拘留者不断地被评估，在身体和心理上" 。

Mayer also makes clear that we are talking about “torture” here, not any supposed “torture-lite”: mayer也说明，我们所谈论的"酷刑" ，在这里，没有任何假设的"酷刑-建兴" ：

Ramzi Kassem, who teaches at Yale Law School, said that a Yemeni client of his, Sanad al-Kazimi, who is now in Guantánamo, alleged that he had received similar treatment in the Dark Prison, the facility near Kabul.拉姆兹卡西姆，任教于耶鲁大学法学院时说，也门的客户，他的， sanad基地kazimi ，他现在在关塔那摩监狱，据称，他曾接获类似的待遇在黑暗的监狱，该基金在喀布尔附近。 Kazimi claimed to have been suspended by his arms for long periods, causing his legs to swell painfully. kazimi声称已经暂停，由他的手臂长时间，致使他的双腿膨胀痛苦的。 “It’s so traumatic, he can barely speak of it,” Kassem said. "那真是太惨痛，他可以勉强说， "卡西姆说。 “He breaks down in tears.” Kazimi also claimed that, while hanging, he was beaten with electric cables. "他坏了眼泪， " kazimi还声称，而绞刑，他被殴打与电力电缆。

According to sources familiar with interrogation techniques, the hanging position is designed, in part, to prevent detainees from being able to sleep.据消息人士透露熟悉审讯技术，悬立场是设计的，部分原因是为了防止被拘留者正可以放心睡大觉。 The former CIA officer, who is knowledgeable about the interrogation program, explained that “sleep deprivation works.前中情局官员，谁是了解有关的审讯程序，解释说， "剥夺睡眠工程。 Your electrolyte balance changes.你的电解质平衡的变化。 You lose all balance and ability to think rationally.你将失去所有的平衡和思考能力的理性。 Stuff comes out.” Sleep deprivation has been recognized as an effective form of coercion since the Middle Ages, when it was called tormentum insomniae .东西出来的"睡眠剥夺已被确认为有效形式的胁迫自中世纪时，它被称为tormentum insomniae 。 It was also recognized for decades in the United States as an illegal form of torture.人们也认识到，几十年来在美国为非法形式的酷刑。 An American Bar Association report, published in 1930, which was cited in a later US Supreme Court decision, said, “It has been known since 1500 at least that deprivation of sleep is the most effective torture and certain to produce any confession desired.”一位美国律师协会的报告，发表在1930年，这是举在后来的美国最高法院判决说， "它一直被称为是自1500年以来至少剥夺睡眠是最有效的酷刑和某些出示任何供认理想" 。

Under President Bush’s new executive order, CIA detainees must receive the “basic necessities of life, including adequate food and water, shelter from the elements, necessary clothing, protection from extremes of heat and cold, and essential medical care.” Sleep, according to the order, is not among the basic necessities.根据布什总统的新的执行命令，中央情报局的被拘留人员必须接受"生活中的必需品，包括足够的食物和饮水，住房，从分子，必要的衣服，受到保护，免遭极端的热与冷，以及基本医疗保健"睡眠根据该命令，不属于基本必需品。

In addition to keeping a prisoner awake, the simple act of remaining upright can over time cause significant pain.此外，以保持一名囚犯醒来，简单的行为，剩下的一身正气，可以在一段时间内造成巨大的痛苦。 McCoy, the historian, noted that “longtime standing” was a common KGB interrogation technique.麦科伊，历史学家指出， "长期站立"是一个共同的克格勃审讯技巧。 In his 2006 book, “A Question of Torture,” he writes that the Soviets found that making a victim stand for eighteen to twenty-four hours can produce “excruciating pain, as ankles double in size, skin becomes tense and intensely painful, blisters erupt oozing watery serum, heart rates soar, kidneys shut down, and delusions deepen.”他在2006年写的"一个问题的酷刑， "他写道，苏联人发现，使受害人的立场，为18至24小时能产生"难以忍受的痛苦，因为足踝的面积扩大一倍，肌肤变得紧张和激烈，痛苦的，起水泡爆发渗血水血清，心脏利率飙升，肾脏关闭，并幻想深化" 。

And:并且：

Among the few CIA officials who knew the details of the detention and interrogation program, there was a tense debate about where to draw the line in terms of treatment.其中少数中情局官员谁知道详细的拘留和审讯的程序，有一个紧张的辩论，在哪里划清界线的条款处理。 John Brennan, Tenet’s former chief of staff, said, “It all comes down to individual moral barometers.” Waterboarding, in particular, troubled many officials, from both a moral and a legal perspective.约翰布伦南，特尼特的前任总参谋长说： "这一切可以归结为个体道德的晴雨表" 。 waterboarding ，尤其是困扰许多官员，无论从道义和法律角度。 Until 2002, when Bush Administration lawyers asserted that waterboarding was a permissible interrogation technique for “enemy combatants,” it was classified as a form of torture, and treated as a serious criminal offense.直到2002年，当布什政府律师声称， waterboarding是允许的审讯技术，为"敌方战斗人员" ，它被列为一种形式的酷刑，并视为严重的刑事犯罪。 American soldiers were court-martialled for waterboarding captives as recently as the Vietnam War.美国士兵被法院军法waterboarding俘虏最近在越南战争。

But the psychological disorientation was paramount:但心理失去方向感是至关重要的：

Some detainees held by the CIA claimed that their cells were bombarded with deafening sound twenty-fours hours a day for weeks, and even months.一些被拘留者举行了由美国中央情报局声称，他们的细胞与轰炸声震耳欲聋第二十六四小时，每天几个星期，甚至几个月的时间。 One detainee, Binyam Mohamed, who is now in Guantánamo, told his lawyer, Clive Stafford Smith, that speakers blared music into his cell while he was handcuffed.一名被拘留者， binyam穆罕默德，他现在在关塔那摩监狱，告诉他的律师克莱夫斯塔福德史密斯说，扬声器播放着音乐进入他的牢房，而他被戴上手铐。 Detainees recalled the sound as ranging from ghoulish laughter, “like the soundtrack from a horror film,” to ear-splitting rap anthems.回忆起被拘留者的声音，因为从ghoulish笑， "就像原声带由恐怖片" ，以耳裂说唱国歌。 Stafford Smith said that his client found the psychological torture more intolerable than the physical abuse that he said he had been previously subjected to in Morocco, where, he said, local intelligence agents had sliced him with a razor blade.斯塔福德史密斯说，他的客户找到了心理上的折磨更难以忍受的，比肉体上的虐待，他说，他以前一直受到在摩洛哥，哪里时，他说，当地情报官员已切成给他送上了刀片。 “The CIA worked people day and night for months,” Stafford Smith quoted Binyam Mohamed as saying. "美国中央情报局工作过的人，日夜奋战几个月， "斯塔福德史密斯引述binyam穆罕默德的话说。 “Plenty lost their minds. "许多失去了他们的心中。 I could hear people knocking their heads against the walls and doors, screaming their heads off.”我可以听到人们敲头，对墙和大门，尖叫出头小康" 。

Some US interrogators with SERE training claim that this treatment can’t be torture because its nothing more than is done to US troops during SERE training.一些美国审讯人员与序列训练声称这种待遇不能酷刑，因为它的事情莫过于做是为了美军在序列训练。 They can’t seem to distinguish a couple of days of abuse under known limited conditions from the never-ending tortures inflicted upon real detainees:他们看来不能分辨数天的虐待根据已知的限制条件，从永无休止的折磨施加真正的被拘留者：

One of these former [CIA] officers defends the CIA’s program by noting that “there was absolutely nothing done to KSM that wasn’t done to the interrogators themselves”—a reference to SERE-like training.其中的前中央情报局人员维护中情局的计划是注意到， "有绝对没有做ksm这不是做给审讯人员说自己是"一个参考序列样的培训。 Yet the Red Cross report emphasizes that it was the simultaneous use of several techniques for extended periods that made the treatment “especially abusive.” Senator Carl Levin, the chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, who has been a prominent critic of the Administration’s embrace of harsh interrogation techniques, said that, particularly with sensory deprivation, “there’sa point where it’s torture.但红十字会报告强调说，它是同时使用几种技术作长时间了治疗" ，特别是粗言秽语。 "参议员卡尔莱文，担任参议院军事委员会主席，他一直突出影评人的政府』 s拥抱严酷的审问技巧，她说，特别是与被剥夺的感觉， "有一点，那里的酷刑。 You can put someone in a refrigerator and it’s torture.你可以把某人在雪柜内，它的酷刑。 Everything is a matter of degree.”一切，是一个程度的问题" 。

As Mayer makes clear, the US torture regime became more systematic, more routinized, more bureaucratic over time.作为mayer明确表示，美国酷刑政权变得更加系统化，更加常规化，更多官僚随着时间的推移。 Eventually Mohammed was moved to the US’s state-of-the-art secret torture facility in Poland:穆罕默德最终被转移到了美国的国家先进的系统，先进的秘密酷刑设施波兰：

But, according to well-informed sources, it was a far more high-tech facility than the prisons in Afghanistan.不过，根据以及一些知情人士称，这是一个远比高科技设施比监狱在阿富汗。 The cells had hydraulic doors and air-conditioning.细胞液压门和空调系统。 Multiple cameras in each cell provided video surveillance of the detainees.多台相机在每个细胞提供了视频监控的被拘留者。 In some ways, the circumstances were better: the detainees were given bottled water.在某些方面，情况较好：被拘留者给予瓶装水。 Without confirming the existence of any black sites, Robert Grenier, the former CIA counterterrorism chief, said, “The agency’s techniques became less aggressive as they learned the art of interrogation,” which, he added, “ is an art.”未经证实存在任何黑点，罗伯特grenier ，前中央情报局反恐首席说， "该机构的技术，成为较少侵略性，因为他们学会了艺术的审讯， "他补充说， " 是一门艺术" 。

Mohammed was kept in a prolonged state of sensory deprivation, during which every point of reference was erased.穆罕默德被保存在一个长时间的状态感觉剥夺，在此期间每一个参照点是功不可没。 The Council on Europe’s report describes a four-month isolation regime as typical.安理会对欧洲的报告中描述了一个为期4个月的隔离制度作为典型。 The prisoners had no exposure to natural light, making it impossible for them to tell if it was night or day.囚犯没有接触自然光线，使他们不可能告诉如果是夜间或日间。 They interacted only with masked, silent guards.他们相互影响，只有与蒙面，沉默的警卫。 (A detainee held at what was most likely an Eastern European black site, Mohammed al-Asad, told me that white noise was piped in constantly, although during electrical outages he could hear people crying.) According to a source familiar with the Red Cross report, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed claimed that he was shackled and kept naked, except for a pair of goggles and earmuffs. （被拘留者举行什么是最有可能的一个东欧黑网站，穆罕默德阿萨德告诉记者，白噪声是管道输送的，在不断，虽然在电气故障他能听到人们喊）据知情人士透露，与红十字会报告中，哈立德谢赫穆罕默德声称，他是带着镣铐，并保持赤身裸体，只有一位对眼罩和耳罩。 (Some prisoners were kept naked for as long as forty days.) He had no idea where he was, although, at one point, he apparently glimpsed Polish writing on a water bottle. （有些囚犯保持赤身裸体，因为只要四十天） ，他不知道在那里，他虽然，在这一点上，他显然是看到了波兰语写作上的水瓶。

In the CIA’s program, meals were delivered sporadically, to insure that the prisoners remained temporally disoriented.在中情局的计划，膳食交付断断续续地发生，以保证囚犯仍暂时迷失方向。 The food was largely tasteless, and barely enough to live on.食物主要是无味的，勉强够生活。 Mohammed, who upon his capture in Rawalpindi was photographed looking flabby and unkempt, was now described as being slim.穆罕默德，谁后，他的被捕在拉瓦尔品第被偷拍看软弱和unkempt ，现在被描述为渺茫的。 Experts on the CIA program say that the administering of food is part of its psychological arsenal.专家们对中情局纲领说，管理的食品的一部分，其心理阿森纳。 Sometimes portions were smaller than the day before, for no apparent reason.有时部分均小于前一天，没有任何明显的理由。 “It was all part of the conditioning,” the person involved in the Council of Europe inquiry said. "这是所有部分的调节， "当事人在欧洲理事会的调查说。 “It’s all calibrated to develop dependency.” "这都是校准发展的依赖" 。

The inquiry source said that most of the Poland detainees were waterboarded, including Mohammed.调查的消息人士说，大部分的波兰被拘留者waterboarded ，其中包括穆罕默德。 According to the sources familiar with the Red Cross report, Mohammed claimed to have been waterboarded five times.据消息来源熟悉红十字会报告中，穆罕默德声称受到waterboarded 5倍。 Two former CIA officers who are friends with one of Mohammed’s interrogators called this bravado, insisting that he was waterboarded only once.两位前中情局官员，他们的朋友之一穆罕默德的审问者称这是虚张声势，坚持说他是waterboarded只有一次。 According to one of the officers, Mohammed needed only to be shown the drowning equipment again before he “broke.”据其中一名警务人员，穆罕默德只需要才能显现淹死设备之前，再次他的"突破" 。

“Waterboarding works,” the former officer said. " waterboarding工程， "这位前官员说。 “Drowning is a baseline fear. "溺水的是一个基准恐惧。 So is falling.所以正在下降。 People dream about it.人的梦想而已。 It’s human nature.这是人类的天性。 Suffocation is a very scary thing.窒息是一个非常可怕的事情。 When you’re waterboarded, you’re inverted, so it exacerbates the fear.当您waterboarded ，你就倒，所以这加剧了恐惧。 It’s not painful, but it scares the shit out of you.” (The former officer was waterboarded himself in a training course.) Mohammed, he claimed, “didn’t resist.这不是痛苦的，但它吓了shit的出你" （前干事waterboarded自己在一个培训班） 。穆罕默德，他声称， "没有抗拒。 He sang right away.他唱了出来。 He cracked real quick.” He said, “A lot of them want to talk.他破获小心翼翼地" ，他说， "他们中的很多要谈的。 Their egos are unimaginable.他们的自我是不可想象的。 KSM was just a little doughboy. ksm只是一个小doughboy 。 He couldn’t stand toe to toe and fight it out.”他不能站在脚趾，以趾和扑灭出来" 。

The article also shows the moral complexity of America’s torture regime as a former CIA official insists the program is “safe” for the detainees but speaks of the psychological damage to the interrogators”:文章还说明了道德的复杂性，美国的酷刑政权视为前中情局官员坚持该计划是美国"安全第一" ，为被拘留者，但谈的心理伤害审问" ：

The former officer said that the CIA kept a doctor standing by during interrogations.前任官员说，中情局一直一名医生站在期间盘问。 He insisted that the method was safe and effective, but said that it could cause lasting psychic damage to the interrogators.他坚持认为，这种方法安全有效，但他认为可能会导致持久的精神损害审问。 During interrogations, the former agency official said, officers worked in teams, watching each other behind two-way mirrors.在盘问中，前局官员说，工作人员在工作队，看着对方背后的双程镜。 Even with this group support, the friend said, Mohammed’s interrogator “has horrible nightmares.” He went on, “When you cross over that line of darkness, it’s hard to come back.即使有了这组的支持下，朋友说，穆罕默德的审问者"的可怕的恶梦。 "他还说， "当你越过这个线的黑暗中，就很难回来了。 You lose your soul.你将失去你的灵魂。 You can do your best to justify it, but it’s well outside the norm.你可以尽最大努力辩解，但它已远远超出了常规。 You can’t go to that dark a place without it changing you.” He said of his friend, “He’sa good guy.你不能到那个黑暗的地方，没有它改变你" ，他说，他的朋友， "他是好人。 It really haunts him.它真的时日他。 You are inflicting something really evil and horrible on somebody.”您是造成一些真正邪恶与可怕就有人" 。

This article again raises the issue of the centrality of psychology to America’s torture regime.这篇文章再次引起一个问题的中心心理学到美国的酷刑制度。 It was the supposed knowledge, expertise, credentials, and legitimacy of psychologists that was important to the CIA torture-planners.The psychological profession will be stained by this association, and by its silence while these abuses occurred in our name.这是假定的知识，专长，证书，和合法性心理学家认为，重要的是要中情局酷刑- planners.the心理学界将被染色，由这个协会和它的沉默，而这些暴行发生在我们的名字。 Not untill the profession fully investigates and condemns these abuses will the stain begin to be lifted.直到界充分调查，并谴责这些暴行会污点开始得以解除。 No simple “banning” of specific torture techniques by the American Psychological Association (APA) can possibly be an adequate reply to these horrors.没有一个简单的"禁止"的具体酷刑技术，由美国心理学协会（ APA ） ，都不可能有足够的答复这些恐怖。 The profession must loudly and collectively cry “Shame!” and “Never again!”法律界要大声说出，并集体喊出"羞耻！ " ， "决不会再发生！ "

Further, the critical collaboration and silence of the APA leadership during this profound moral crisis cannot go unchallenged.此外，在关键的协同和沉默的演艺学院的领导，在这场深刻的道德危机，不能置之不理。 In the interests of maintaining their ties to the military and the CIA, these leaders were more than willing to turn a blind eye to the torture being designed and conducted by our psychological colleagues.在的利益，维护他们的联系，以军方和中央情报局，这些领导人还不止愿意却视而不见，酷刑正在设计并进行了我们的心理同事。 They never uttered a peep of concern for these abuses, but, rather, parsed words to try and evade responsibility.他们从来没有说过一个窥视的关注，为这些暴行，而是解析的话，试图推卸责任。 In the final accounting for US torture, the APA leadership will certainly bear a measure of the responsibility.在决算时，为美国的酷刑，演艺学院的领导一定会承担一项措施的责任。

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